Uremic Toxins (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 223)

The present book contains the Proceedings of a two day Symposium on Uremic Toxins organized at the University of Ghent in Belgium. A series of guest lectures, free communications and posters have been presented. An international audience of 163 scientists from 16 nationalities listened to and discussed extensively a spectrum of topics brought forward by colleagues and researchers who worked for many years in the field of Uremic Toxins. There is a striking contrast between all the new dialysis strategies available in the work to "clean" the uremic patients and the almost non-progression of our knowledge on uremic toxins in the past decade. In this sense the symposium was felt by all participants as a new start for the research in the biochemical field of the definition of uremia. If the present volume would stimulate new work in this field in order to define uremia, or identify the uremic toxins, the purpose of the organizers would be maximally fulfilled. Front Matter....Pages i-xii Parathyroid Hormone: A Uremic Toxin....Pages 1-17 Retention Patterns....Pages 19-26 Middle Molecules and the 7 C Factor....Pages 27-32 Middle Molecules as a Marker of Uremic Toxins....Pages 33-37 The Abiko Factor....Pages 39-46 Polyamines and Uremia....Pages 47-54 Roles of Hippurate and Indoxyl Sulfate in the Impaired Ligand Binding by Azotemic Plasma....Pages 55-58 Hippuric Acid as a Marker....Pages 59-67 Suppressive Effect of Quinolinic Acid and Hippuric Acid on Bone Marrow Erythroid Growth and Lymphocyte Blast Formation in Uremia....Pages 69-72 Purine Metabolites in Uraemia....Pages 73-80 The Role of Lipids in Progressive Glomerular Disease....Pages 81-87 Aluminum an Uremic Toxin....Pages 89-96 The Insulin-Resistance Inducing Factor Associated with Uremia....Pages 97-104 Pathogenesis and Consequences of the Alteration of Glucose Metabolism in Renal Insufficiency....Pages 105-109 Separation of Peptidic Inhibitor of Erythropoiesis in Uremia....Pages 111-114 Uremic Toxins Inhibit the Platelet Malonyldialdehyde Production Rate....Pages 115-118 A Possible Regulatory System of Microtubule Formation Among Uremic Toxins....Pages 119-123 Encephalopathic Toxicity: An Experimental Model of Uremia and Solute-Specific Dialysis....Pages 125-129 Intellectual Impairment in Chronic Renal Failure....Pages 131-134 The Fraction b 4-2: Isolation, Characterization and Biological Activities with Reference to Uremic Polyneuropathy....Pages 135-140 Intracellular Acid-Base and Energy Metabolism in Uremia: A Preliminary Study on Five Patients Before and During Dialysis Treatment....Pages 141-144 Is Selenium Deficiency the Cause of Uraemic Cardiomyopathy?....Pages 145-147 Does Hypermagnesemia Suppress Parathyroid Activity and Therefore Play a Role in Amelioration of Uremic Toxicity ?....Pages 149-152 Syntheses and Structure-Activity Relationships of Thymopoietin....Pages 153-155 The Immunosuppressive Fraction Isolated from Uremic Ultrafiltrates: Attempted Characterization of the Mechanism of Action....Pages 157-160 Isolation of an Immunosuppressive Fraction from Uremic Ultrafiltrates....Pages 161-164 Binding of Organic Acids to Surface Receptors of Lymphocytes as an Immunosuppressive Mechanism in Uremia....Pages 165-169 Uremic Dysmetabolism and Its Effect on Immunocompetent and Erythroid Cell Function....Pages 171-187 Conversion of Ammonia to Glutamate by L-Glutamic Dehydrogenase, Alcohol Dehydrogenase and NAD + Immobilized within Lipid-Polyamide Polyethyleneimine Microcapsules....Pages 189-192 A Purification Method by Uncoated Charcoal....Pages 193-196 Amino Acid Composition of Uremic Middle and Low Molecular Weight Retention Products....Pages 197-204 Biochemical Elucidation and HPLC Fractionation of Fluorescent Peptides in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure....Pages 205-213 Separation from Uremic Body Fluids and Normal Urine of Na + , K + -ATPase Inhibitor....Pages 215-218 Isolation of Sialylcompounds from Hemofiltrate of Chronic Uremic Patients and Identification by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance....Pages 219-222 Identification of Two Uremic Toxins by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectrometry....Pages 223-226 Kinetics of Solute Removal in Hemodialysis....Pages 227-237 An Advanced, User-Friendly Microcomputer Program for Hemodialysis Kinetics....Pages 239-244 Is Serum Urea a Good Index for Predicting Morbidity in Hemodialysis (HD)?....Pages 245-247 Predicted Time of Dialysis in Patients with Different Volumes of Urea Distribution — The Use of Mathematical Model....Pages 249-252 Membranes and Their Removal of Uremic Toxins....Pages 253-262 Replacement of Excretory Kidney Function by High-Efficiency Hemodiafiltration (HDF) with a Peptide-Permeable Membrane....Pages 263-266 Paired Filtration-Dialysis (PFD): A Separate Convective-Diffusive System for Extracorporeal Blood Purification in Uraemic Patients....Pages 267-275 Removal of Small Proteins — The Stepchild of Dialysis Therapy Protein Permeability of Different Hemofiltration Membranes Analysed by SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-Page)....Pages 277-280 Hemofiltration-Induced Serum Modifications in the Pattern of Larger Molecules....Pages 281-286 Carnitine Depletion During Chronic Hemodialysis: Effect of Substitution on Free Carnitine Plasma Levels....Pages 287-290 Back Matter....Pages 291-296