Urban remote sensing : monitoring, synthesis, and modelling in the urban environment

Urban Remote Sensing The second edition of Urban Remote Sensing is a state-of-the-art review of the latest progress in the subject. The text examines how evolving innovations in remote sensing allow to deliver the critical information on cities in a timely and cost-effective way to support various urban management activities and the scientific research on urban morphology, socio-environmental dynamics, and sustainability. Chapters are written by leading scholars from a variety of disciplines including remote sensing, GIS, geography, urban planning, environmental science, and sustainability science, with case studies predominately drawn from North America and Europe. A review of the essential and emerging research areas in urban remote sensing including sensors, techniques, and applications, especially some critical issues that are shifting the ­directions in urban remote sensing research. Illustrated in full color throughout, including numerous relevant case studies and extensive discussions of important concepts and cutting-edge technologies to enable clearer understanding for non-technical audiences. Urban Remote Sensing, Second Edition will be of particular interest to upper-division undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and professionals working in the fields of remote sensing, geospatial information, and urban & environmental planning. Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents List of Contributors Authors Biography Preface Part I Introduction Chapter 1 Progress in Urban Remote Sensing: An Overview 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Advances in Urban Remote Sensing 1.3 Overview of the Book 1.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks References Part II Sensors and Systems for Urban Areas Chapter 2 Examining Urban Built-up Volume: Three-Dimensional Analyses with Lidar and Radar Data 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Three-Dimensional (3D) Geospatial Data for Urban Remote Sensing 2.3 Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) Approaches 2.4 Radio Detection and Ranging (Radar) Approaches 2.5 A Look Forward 2.6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter 3 Opportunities and Challenges of Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Urban Applications 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Common UAS Models and Sensors 3.3 Data Collection and Processing 3.4 UAS for Urban Applications 3.5 Case Study: Mapping an Urban Recreation Complex with UAS 3.6 Major Challenges and Possible Solutions 3.7 Summary and Outlook References Chapter 4 Methods of Social Sensing for Urban Studies 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Sensing First-Order Place Characteristics 4.3 Sensing Second-Order Spatial Dependency and Interactions 4.4 Integrating Place Characteristics with Spatial Interactions 4.5 Conclusions References Chapter 5 Urban Remote Sensing Using Ground-Based Street View Images 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Literature Review 5.3 Data Sources of Street-Level Images 5.4 Street-Level Image Processing 5.5 Urban Mapping and Modeling 5.6 Discussion and Future Research Directions References Chapter 6 Spatial Distribution of City Tweets and Their Densities 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Natural Cities, Street Blocks, and Related Distances 6.3 Data and Data Processing 6.4 Two Major Findings 6.5 Implications of the Study and Its Findings 6.6 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 7 Integrating Remote Sensing and Social Sensing to Examine Socioeconomic Dynamics: A Case Study of Twitter and Nighttime Light Imagery 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Remote Sensing and Social Sensing 7.3 People and Pixels 2.0: Toward an Integration of Remote Sensing and Social Sensing 7.4 Discussion and Conclusions References Part III Algorithms and Techniques for Urban Attribute Extraction Chapter 8 Deep Learning for Urban and Landscape Mapping from Remotely Sensed Imagery 8.1 Introduction 8.2 An Overview of Some Commonly Used Deep Learning Models 8.3 Case Study I: A Patch-based CNNs Model for Land Cover Classification 8.4 Case Study II: A Patch-based RNNs Model for Land Classification 8.5 Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 9 Google Earth Engine Advancing Urban Land Change Science 9.1 Introduction 9.2 GEE Evolution in Urban Studies 9.3 Examples 9.4 Discussion 9.5 Conclusions References Chapter 10 Use of Image Endmember Libraries for Multi-Sensor, Multi-Scale, and Multi-Site Mapping of Urban Areas 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Image Endmember Libraries for Urban Mapping 10.3 Extraction and Identification of Image Endmember Spectra 10.4 Pruning of Image Endmember Libraries 10.5 Use of Image Endmember Libraries for Medium-resolution Mapping of Urban Land Cover Composition 10.6 Use of Multi-Site Spectral Libraries for VIS Mapping Across Cities 10.7 Toward a Generic Urban Library Management Tool Acknowledgments References Chapter 11 Satellite Monitoring of Urbanization and Environmental Impacts in Stockholm, Sweden, Through a Multiscale Approach 11.1 Introduction 11.2 A Brief Review of Remote Sensing-Based Multiscale Analysis 11.3 Study Areas and Data Description 11.4 Methodology 11.5 Results 11.6 Discussion 11.7 Conclusions References Part IV Urban Socioeconomic Applications Chapter 12 Global Monitoring with the Atlas of Urban Expansion 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Assembling the Global Sample of Cities 12.3 Measuring Urban Extent 12.4 Urban Extent Growth Rate, Population Growth Rate, and the Change in Land Consumption Per Capita 12.5 Assessing Accuracy with Urban Extent Locales 12.6 Classification Accuracy and Map Agreement 12.7 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 13 Effect of Image Classification Accuracy on Dasymetric Population Estimation 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Assessing the Accuracy of Image Classification 13.3 Dasymetric Mapping and Areal Interpolation 13.4 Study Area and Data Sources 13.5 Methods 13.6 Results 13.7 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 14 Mapping the Morphology of Urban Deprivation: The Role of Remote Sensing for Developing a Global Slum Repository 14.1 Background 14.2 Deprivation: An Area-Based and Relative Concept 14.3 Data Sources: Overview of EO-Data in Relation to Their Benefits and Costs 14.4 Toward a Global Mapping Product: People-Pixels-Privacy 14.5 Mapping Methods: Achieving Scalability and Transferability 14.6 Examples of Mapping Urban Deprivation 14.7 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 15 The City is the Medium and Satellite Imagery Are a Prism: Conceptualizing Urban Conflict Damage Monitoring with Multitemporal Remote Sensing Data 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Opportunities for Satellite-based Monitoring of Urban Conflict Damage 15.3 (Re-)Situating Urban Conflict Damage 15.4 Theorizing Change in Urban Conflict Damage Monitoring 15.5 Conclusions References Part V Urban Environmental Applications Chapter 16 US Cities in the Dark: Mapping Man-Made Carbon Dioxide Emissions Over the Contiguous US Using NASA’s Black Marble Nighttime Lights Product 16.1 Introduction 16.2 NASA Black Marble Data 16.3 CO2 Emission Modeling 16.4 Results 16.5 Examining Black Marble NTL Data as Estimator of CO2 Emissions 16.6 New Advantages in NTL-Based Mapping, Challenges, and Future Perspectives 16.7 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 17 Thermal Infrared Imaging of the Urban Landscape to Understand Urban Microclimate 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Methodology 17.3 Study Site and Data 17.4 Results 17.5 Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 18 Monitoring Air Pollution in the Urban Environment by Remote Sensing 18.1 Air Pollution Monitoring Problem: The Complexity 18.2 Satellite Retrieved AOD vs Ground-Based PM2.5 Measurements: Basic Definitions 18.3 Applying Different Satellite AOD Retrievals Over the Urban Environment: Data Coverage and Spatial Resolution 18.4 Satellite-Retrieved AOD Compared to Ground-Based and Other Measurements Available 18.5 Modeling PM2.5 Using Satellite and Land Use Data 18.6 Model Accuracy Assessment 18.7 Learning Air Pollution from Publicly Available Sources: Several Examples 18.8 Current and Future Steps and New Technologies: Beyond the Satellite Monitoring References Chapter 19 Characterizing After-Rain Standing Waters in Urban Built Environments Through a Multilevel Image Analysis 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Materials and Methods 19.3 Results 19.4 Discussion 19.5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 20 Remote Sensing and Urban Green Infrastructure: A Synthesis of Current Applications and New Advances 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Current Applications 20.3 Recent Advances 20.4 Conclusions References Chapter 21 Remote Sensing for Urban Sustainability Research and Sustainable Development Goals: Green Space, Public Recreation Space, and Urban Climate 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Remote Sensing and Earth Observation 21.3 Remote Sensing for SDGs 21.4 An Analysis of the Scientific Literature in the Field of Sustainability 21.5 Discussion 21.6 Summary and Conclusions References Index EULA The second edition of __Urban Remote Sensing__ is a state-of-the-art review of the latest progress in the subject. The text examines how evolving innovations in remote sensing allow to deliver the critical information on cities in a timely and cost-effective way to support various urban management activities and the scientific research on urban morphology, socio-environmental dynamics, and sustainability. Chapters are written by leading scholars from a variety of disciplines including remote sensing, GIS, geography, urban planning, environmental science, and sustainability science, with case studies predominately drawn from North America and Europe. * A review of the essential and emerging research areas in urban remote sensing including sensors, techniques, and applications, especially some critical issues that are shifting the directions in urban remote sensing research. * Illustrated in full color throughout, including numerous relevant case studies and extensive discussions of important concepts and cutting-edge technologies to enable clearer understanding for non-technical audiences. "Preface The first edition of Urban Remote Sensing: Monitoring, Synthesis and Modeling in the Urban Environment published in 2011 was primarily an outcome of my decade-long efforts promoting urban remote sensing research through organizing thematic paper sessions at the annual meetings of American Association of Geographers (AAG). It is the first book written with a broad vision of urban remote sensing that draws upon multiple disciplines and the integration of remote sensing with relevant geospatial data and technologies. The book covered a variety of topics extending beyond urban feature extraction and into socioeconomic and environmental analyses and predictive modeling of urbanization. It contrasts considerably in such a treatment with other dedicated books on urban remote sensing, which are largely restricted on urban feature extraction and land use interpretation. In addition, the book has been translated into Chinese and was published by China's Higher Education Press in 2014"-- Provided by publisher