Urban Airborne Particulate Matter: Origin, Chemistry, Fate and Health Impacts (Environmental Science and Engineering)

This book presents the most up-to-date research and information regarding the origin, chemistry, fate and health impacts of airborne particulate matter in urban areas, a topic which has received a great deal of attention in recent years due to documented relationships between exposure and health effects such as asthma. With internationally recognised researchers and academics presenting their work and key concepts and approaches from a variety of disciplines, including environmental and analytical chemistry, biology, toxicology, mineralogy and the geosciences, this book addresses the topic of urban airborne particulate matter in a comprehensive, multidisciplinary manner. Topics and research addressed in the book range from common methodological approaches used to sample and analyse the composition of airborne particulates to our knowledge regarding their potential to impact human health and the various policy approaches taken internationally to regulate particulate matter levels. Front Matter....Pages i-xxiii Front Matter....Pages 1-2 A Comparative Review of PM Levels, Sources, and Their Likely Fates in the Eastern Mediterranean Region....Pages 3-17 Concentration and Source Origin of Trace Metals in PM 2.5 Collected at Selected Canadian Sites within the Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance Program....Pages 19-38 Sources and Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Toxicity of Polluted Atmosphere Aerosols....Pages 39-62 Particulate Emissions from On-Road Vehicles....Pages 63-79 The Atmospheric Concentrations of Pb, Mn, Cr, and Cd on the Korean Peninsula Between 1991 and 2006....Pages 81-102 Long-Distance Transport of Urban and Industrial Metals and Their Incorporation into the Environment: Sources, Transport Pathways and Historical Trends....Pages 103-124 Front Matter....Pages 125-126 Trace Analysis of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Air Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction....Pages 127-144 Analytical Developments for Emerging Pollutants in Indoor Suspended Particulate Matter and Dust....Pages 145-191 Application of Synchrotron X-ray Techniques for the Determination of Metal Speciation in (House) Dust Particles....Pages 193-216 Ultra-Trace Analysis of Palladium: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges....Pages 217-234 Direct Determination of Metals in PM 10 Filters by Laser Ablation-ICP-MS....Pages 235-243 Chemical Composition of Subway Particles in Seoul, Korea, Determined Using Quantitative Single Particle Analysis....Pages 245-259 Analysis of Palladium Concentrations in Airborne Particulate Matter with Reductive Co-Precipitation, He Collision Gas and ID-ICP-Q-MS....Pages 261-274 Front Matter....Pages 275-276 Fate and Transfer of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in a Multi-Compartment Environment....Pages 277-307 Vertical Distribution of Airborne Particulate Matter in a Tropical Urban Environment: Changes in Physical and Chemical Characteristics....Pages 309-338 Semi-volatile Organic Pollutants in the Gaseous and Particulate Phases in Urban Air....Pages 339-362 Secondary Particle Production in Urban Areas....Pages 363-370 The Effect of Asian Dust on Urban Airborne PM in Japan....Pages 371-385 The Assessment of SO 2 Emitted into Atmosphere by the Pyrometallurgical Complex of Ghazaouet (NW, Algeria)....Pages 387-396 Front Matter....Pages 397-398 Pd Particles as Standardized Test Material for Bioavailability Studies of Traffic Related Pd Emissions to Barley Plants....Pages 399-410 Front Matter....Pages 397-398 The Role of Stable Free Radicals, Metals and PAHs of Airborne Particulate Matter in Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress and Carcinogenicity....Pages 411-426 In vivo and In vitro Assessment of Particulate Matter Toxicology....Pages 427-449 Front Matter....Pages 451-452 The Use of Snow, Soil and Lichens as Biomonitors of Contaminants in Airborne Particulate Matter in North-Eastern European Russia....Pages 453-466 Biomonitoring of Toxic Compounds of Airborne Particulate Matter in Urban and Industrial Areas....Pages 467-481 Exposure to Ultrafine Particles in Urban Centres....Pages 483-499 Occupational Exposure to Urban Airborne Particulate Matter: A Review on Environmental Monitoring and Health Effects....Pages 501-525 Health Risks of Urban Airborne Particles....Pages 527-551 Airborne Particulate Matter, Platinum Group Elements and Human Health....Pages 553-571 Front Matter....Pages 573-574 Distinguishing Health Effects Among Different PM 2.5 Components....Pages 575-597 Regulations and Policy Measures Related to the Reduction of Ambient Particulate Matter....Pages 599-622 Back Matter....Pages 623-656