Urban air quality : measurement, modelling and management : Proceedings of the second International Conference on Urban Air Quality: Measurement, Modelling and Management Held at the Computer Science School of the Technical University of Madrid 3-5 March

Since the first international conference on urban air quality, held at the University ofHertfordshire in 1996, significant advances have taken place in the field of urban air pollution. In addition to the scientific advances in the measurement, modelling and management of urban air quality, significant progress has been achieved in relation to the establishment of major frameworks to ensure a more effective mechanism for international collaboration. Two such frameworks are SATURN (Studying Atmospheric Pollution in Urban Areas) and TRAPOS (Optimisation of Modelling Methods for Traffic Pollution in Streets). In response to such advances, the second international conference was held at the Technical University of Madrid in March 1999 with active participation of SATURN and TRAPOS investigators. The organisation of the conference was headed by the Institute of Physics in collaboration with the Technical University of Madrid and the University of Hertfordshire. The support of IUAPPA and AWMA ensured a truly worldwide promotion and participation. The meeting attracted 140 scientists from 26 different countries establishing it as a major forum for exchanging and discussing the latest research fmdings in this field. Front Matter....Pages i-1 Using Measurements of Nitrogen Oxides to Estimate the Emission Controls Required to Meet the UK Nitrogen Dioxide Standard....Pages 3-11 Emission and Performance Characteristics of a 2 Litre Toyota Diesel Van Operating on Esterified Waste Cooking Oil and Mineral Diesel Fuel....Pages 13-20 Modelling of Motor Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Emissions Using a Power-Based Model....Pages 21-29 Validation of Urban Emission Inventories....Pages 31-39 A Three-Dimensional Model Study of the Impact of AVOC and BVOC Emissions on Ozone in an Urban Area of the Eastern Spain....Pages 41-48 Effects of Traffic Management and Transport Mode on the Exposure of Schoolchildren to Carbon Monoxide....Pages 49-57 Benzene Exposure Assessment at Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Levels. The French Contribution to the Life Macbeth Programme....Pages 59-67 Characterisation of Particulate Matter Sampled During a Study of Children’s Personal Exposure to Airborne Particulate Matter in a UK Urban Environment....Pages 69-77 Analysis of the Daily Variations of Wintertime Air Pollution Concentrations in the City of Graz, Austria....Pages 79-87 Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compound Monitoring. Ozone Induced Artefact Formation....Pages 89-97 Long Period Benzene Measurements in Urban Atmosphere....Pages 99-107 Project of an Air Quality Monitoring Network for Industrial Site in Italy....Pages 109-117 Urban Air Pollution Monitoring with DOAS Considering the Local Meteorological Situation....Pages 119-127 A New All Season Passive Sampling System for Monitoring Ozone in Air....Pages 129-137 Spatial and Temporal Variation of Ozone Concentrations at High Altitude Monitoring Sites in Germany....Pages 139-146 Seasonal Differences in the Levels of Gaseous Air Pollutants in the Vicinity of a Waste Dump....Pages 147-153 Sampling and Analysis of Organic Compounds in Diesel Particulate Matter....Pages 155-163 Elemental Composition of Urban Aerosol Collected in Florence, Italy....Pages 165-173 Monitoring of Particle Mass and Number in Urban Air....Pages 175-180 Application of CFD Methods for Modelling in Air Pollution Problems: Possibilities and Gaps....Pages 181-189 Environmental wind tunnel study on a municipal waste incinerator....Pages 191-199 On the Performance and Applicability of Nonlinear Two-Equation Turbulence Models for Urban Air Quality Modelling....Pages 201-209 Numerical Simulations of the Urban Roughness Sub-Layer : a First Attempt....Pages 211-219 Physical Modeling of Emissions from Naturally Ventilated Underground Parking Garages....Pages 221-229 Near Field Dispersion in the Urban Environment — A Hydraulic Flume Study....Pages 231-238 Investigation of Building — Influenced Atmospheric Dispersion Using a Dual Source Technique....Pages 239-247 Dispersion in Urban Environments....Pages 249-257 A Simple Model for Urban Background Pollution....Pages 259-267 Model Assessment of Air-Pollution in Prague....Pages 269-276 Forecasting Air Quality Parameters Using Hybrid Neural Network Modelling....Pages 277-286 The Sensitivity of Mesoscale Chemistry Transport Model Results to Boundary Values....Pages 287-295 Use of Neural Net Models to Forecast Atmospheric Pollution....Pages 297-304 The Ozone Fine Structure Model: Model Concept and Options....Pages 305-312 Grey Box and Component Models to Forecast Ozone Episodes: A Comparison Study....Pages 313-321 OSPM — A Parameterised Street Pollution Model....Pages 323-331 An Integrated Approach to Street Canyon Pollution Modelling....Pages 333-342 Dispersion of Pollutants in Street Canyon Under Traffic Induced Flow and Turbulence....Pages 343-351 Experimental and Numerical Verification of Similarity Concept for Dispersion of Car Exhaust Gases in Urban Street Canyons....Pages 353-361 Comparison of Numerical Street Dispersion Models with Results from Wind Tunnel and Field Measurements....Pages 363-370 Measurements and Modelling of Air Pollution in a Street Canyon in Helsinki....Pages 371-379 The Draft of the New German Guideline VDI 3782/8 to Model Automobile Exhaust Dispersion....Pages 381-387 Turbulent ventilation of a street canyon....Pages 389-396 The Effect of Large-Scale Turbulent Structures on a Simple 2-D Canyon-Type Flow....Pages 397-405 Influence of Building Density and Roof Shape on the Wind and Dispersion Characteristics in an Urban Area: A Numerical Study....Pages 407-415 Carbon Monoxide Concentration in a Street Canyon of Buenos Aires City (Argentina)....Pages 417-424 Air Quality in Norwich, UK Multi-Scale Modelling to Assess the Significance of City, County and Regional Pollution Sources....Pages 425-433 Assessment of Air Quality, Emissions and Management in a Local Urban Environment....Pages 435-442 Air Quality Monitoring and Management in Lisbon....Pages 443-450 Development and Use of Integrated Air Quality Management Tools in Urban Areas with the Aid of Environmental Telematics....Pages 451-458 Application of the UAM-V and Use of Indicator Species to Assess Control Strategies for Ozone Reduction in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia....Pages 459-467 The Impact of Road Traffic in Madrid Community by Using a Nested Gaussian-Mesoscale Air Quality Model (GAMA)....Pages 469-476 On the Use of MRF/AVN Global Information to Improve the Operational Air Quality Model OPANA....Pages 477-484 This is the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Urban Air Quality - Measurement, Modelling and Management, held at the Technical University of Madrid, 3-5 March 1999. This book contains peer-reviewed papers on the latest advances in the urban air quality research field. This book will be suitable for researchers including students, consultants, local authority officers (such as environmental officers), and environmental scientists working in industrial sectors (chemical, environmental, and transport). Very few scientific international conferences specifically address the area of air pollution in cities and towns. This is despite the growing concern about the health and environmental impacts that result from air pollutants in urban areas. The need to have a forum for discussing and exchanging scientific results in this field is hence overwhelming. It is clear from the response of scientists and other experts working in this area that these UAQ conferences are helping to address this need.