Urban Air Quality in Europe (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry (26))

This book provides an overview of air quality in urban environments in Europe, focusing on air pollutant emission sources and formation mechanisms, measurement and modeling strategies, and future perspectives. The emission sources described are biomass burning, vehicular traffic, industry and agriculture, but also African dust and long-range transport of pollutants across the European regions. The impact of these emission sources and processes on atmospheric particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen oxides and volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds is discussed and critical areas for particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide in Europe are identified. Finally, this volume presents future perspectives, mainly regarding upcoming air quality monitoring strategies, metrics of interest, such as submicron and nanoparticles, and indoor and outdoor exposure scenarios. Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Critical Areas for Compliance with PM 10 and NO 2 Limit Values in Europe....Pages 3-29 The Evolution and Control of NO x Emissions from Road Transport in Europe....Pages 31-53 Air Pollution by Ozone Across Europe....Pages 55-73 Persistent Organic Pollutants in the European Atmosphere....Pages 75-100 Wildfires as a Source of Aerosol Particles Transported to the Northern European Regions....Pages 101-121 Residential Wood Burning: A Major Source of Fine Particulate Matter in Alpine Valleys in Central Europe....Pages 123-140 Ammonia Emissions in Europe....Pages 141-163 Road Traffic: A Major Source of Particulate Matter in Europe....Pages 165-193 Source Apportionment of Airborne Dust in Germany: Methods and Results....Pages 195-218 Air Quality in Urban Environments in the Eastern Mediterranean....Pages 219-238 Anthropogenic and Natural Constituents in PM10 at Urban and Rural Sites in North-Western Europe: Concentrations, Chemical Composition and Sources....Pages 239-258 Particulate Matter and Exposure Modelling in Europe....Pages 259-273 Air Pollution Monitoring Strategies and Technologies for Urban Areas....Pages 277-296 Number Size Distributions of Submicron Particles in Europe....Pages 297-319 Indoor–Outdoor Relationships of Particle Number and Mass in European Cities....Pages 321-337 Nanoparticles in European Cities and Associated Health Impacts....Pages 339-365 Erratum to: Persistent Organic Pollutants in the European Atmosphere....Pages E1-E1 Back Matter....Pages 367-371