Unruly Women: Race, Neocolonialism, and the Hijab (Philosophy of Race)

Drawing upon Michel Foucault’s accounts of governmentality and neoliberalism, liberal feminist and colonial “civilizing” narratives, and tacit juridical racial dismissal toward visibly Muslim women, this book explores the neocolonial and racial-cultural aesthetics of power as directed toward women of color and Black women. Even as neocolonialism incorporates without acknowledgment the anti-Blackness and settler-colonial roots of its past, along with an anti-immigrationist sentiment—it does not do so overtly. Rather it does so through a range of biopolitical, ontopolitical, and globalizing neoliberal economic norms. Focusing on the discrimination claims of Muslim women, this study examines juridical and political approaches that dismiss Muslim women and other populations of color as culturally backward, misguided in their thinking, and gratuitously nonconformist. Likewise, it analyses the experience of excruciation undergone by the addressees of racial dismissal. Excruciation names the phenomena by which vulnerable populations are pressed into hopeless performances of cultural assimilation. Racial dismissal is excavated through legal opinions, court transcripts, and other encounters between Muslim women and the state. This work finds that the racial address of dismissal and the phenomena of excruciation have been pivotal to a liberal juridical order that otherwise claims neutrality. By concentrating on the treatment of Muslim women, this book uncovers dynamics of social and racial division which have inhabited and bolstered liberal legal neutrality from its inception. This book’s framework, while focusing on Muslim women in the United States, is a template for understanding how exclusion is juridically implemented for other racialized and marginalized populations. "Drawing upon Michel Foucault's accounts of governmentality and neoliberalism, liberal feminist and colonial "civilizing" narratives, and tacit juridical racial dismissal toward visibly Muslim women, this book explores the neocolonial and racial-cultural aesthetics of power as directed toward women of color and Black women. Even as neocolonialism incorporates without acknowledgment the anti-Blackness and settler-colonial roots of its past, along with an anti-immigrationist sentiment--it does not do so overtly. Rather it does so through a range of biopolitical, ontopolitical, and globalizing neoliberal economic norms. Focusing on the discrimination claims of Muslim women, this study examines juridical and political approaches that dismiss Muslim women and other populations of color as culturally backward, misguided in their thinking, and gratuitously nonconformist. Likewise, it analyses the experience of excruciation undergone by the addressees of racial dismissal. Excruciation names the phenomena by which vulnerable populations are pressed into hopeless performances of cultural assimiliation. Racial dismissal is excavated through legal opinions, court transcripts, and other encounters between Muslim women and the state. This work finds that the racial address of dismissal and the phenomena of excruciation have been pivotal to a liberal juridical order that otherwise claims neutrality. By concentrating on the treatment of Muslim women, this book uncovers dynamics of social and racial division which have inhabited and bolstered liberal legal neutrality from its inception. This book's framework, while focusing on Muslim women in the U.S., is a template for understanding how exclusion is juridically implemented for other racialized and marginalized populations"-- Provided by publisher Despite the disapproval that "visibly" Muslim women face in the West, the U.S. does not ban the hijab or niqab. Nevertheless, it does find a way to manage assertive Muslim women. How so? Subtly and without outright confrontation: through the courts, bureaucratic processes and liberal discourses. From a range of juridical decisions connected not only by a distinctly neocolonial gaze, but also through the tacit dimension of race, Muslim women-among other women of color-are reconceived as neonates who must be taught to behave: as Americans, as professional women, and as autonomous, mildly independent subjects. Focusing on the discrimination claims of Muslim women, this study examines juridical and political approaches that dismiss Muslim women and other populations of color as culturally backward, misguided in their thinking, and gratuitously nonconformist. Likewise, it analyses the experience of racial dismissal through excruciation : the phenomenon by which vulnerable populations are pressed into hopeless performances of cultural assimilation. Racial dismissal is excavated through legal opinions, court transcripts, and other encounters between Muslim women and the state. Ultimately, this work finds that the racial address of dismissal and the phenomena of excruciation have been pivotal to a liberal juridical order that otherwise claims neutrality. By concentrating on the treatment of Muslim women, this book uncovers dynamics of social and racial division which have inhabited and bolstered liberal legal neutrality from its inception. This book's framework, while focusing on Muslim women in the U.S., is a template for understanding how exclusion is juridically implemented for other racialized and marginalized populations. Cover 1 Half-Title 2 Series 3 Title 4 Copyright 5 Dedication 6 Contents 8 Acknowledgments 10 Introduction 16 2nd Half-Title 14 1. Ontopolitics: Unruliness, Excruciation, and Dismissal 29 2. Anxieties of Liberalism: Secularism, Feminism, and Suitable Muslim Women 49 3. A Genealogy of Neocolonial Social Comportment 73 4. The Hijab and the Sari: The Strange and the Sexy Between Colonialism and Global Capitalism 98 5. Reversing the Gaze: The Racial-​Cultural Aesthetics of Power 119 6. Transparency and the Deceptive Conceit of Liberalism 141 7. Discrimination, Neoliberalism, and Suitable Women 162 8. Dismissal: Neocolonialism, Race, and Anti-​Blackness 190 Conclusion: Listening to the Silences 216 Appendix 226 Notes 228 Bibliography 246 Index 264 By examining the legal treatment of visibly Muslim women, Falguni Sheth uncovers the hidden dynamics of racialized division that have inhabited and bolstered liberal legal neutrality from its inception. Her work studies the experiences of, and responses to, Muslim women of colour and Black Muslim women, especially where these women have attempted to use US courts to contest their unfair treatment. Evaluating a wide range of judicial encounters, 'Unruly Women' uncovers a pattern of racialized exclusion from liberal protections. Moreover, it exposes the distinctive ways that courts and other liberal institutions have demanded the self-transformation of individuals who appear unsuited for inclusion into the liberal polity