Unequal and Unrepresented : Political Inequality and the People's Voice in the New Gilded Age

**How American political participation is increasingly being shaped by citizens who wield more resources** The Declaration of Independence proclaims equality as a foundational American value. However, Unequal and Unrepresented finds that political voice in America is not only unequal but also unrepresentative. Those who are well educated and affluent carry megaphones. The less privileged speak in a whisper. Relying on three decades of research and an enormous wealth of information about politically active individuals and organizations, Kay Schlozman, Henry Brady, and Sidney Verba offer a concise synthesis and update of their groundbreaking work on political participation. The authors consider the many ways that citizens in American democracy can influence public outcomes through political voice: by voting, getting involved in campaigns, communicating directly with public officials, participating online or offline, acting alone and in organizations, and investing their time and money. Socioeconomic imbalances characterize every form of political voice, but the advantage to the advantaged is especially pronounced when it comes to any form of political expression--for example, lobbying legislators or making campaign donations—that relies on money as an input. With those at the top of the ladder increasingly able to spend lavishly in politics, political action anchored in financial investment weighs ever more heavily in what public officials hear. Citing real-life examples and examining inequalities from multiple perspectives, __Unequal and Unrepresented__ shows how disparities in political voice endanger American democracy today. "How American political participation is increasingly being shaped by citizens who wield more resourcesThe Declaration of Independence proclaims equality as a foundational American value. However, Unequal and Unrepresented finds that political voice in America is not only unequal but also unrepresentative. Those who are well educated and affluent carry megaphones. The less privileged speak in a whisper. Relying on three decades of research and an enormous wealth of information about politically active individuals and organizations, Kay Schlozman, Henry Brady, and Sidney Verba offer a concise synthesis and update of their groundbreaking work on political participation. The authors consider the many ways that citizens in American democracy can influence public outcomes through political voice: by voting, getting involved in campaigns, communicating directly with public officials, participating online or offline, acting alone and in organizations, and investing their time and money. Socioeconomic imbalances characterize every form of political voice, but the advantage to the advantaged is especially pronounced when it comes to any form of political expression--for example, lobbying legislators or making campaign donations--that relies on money as an input. With those at the top of the ladder increasingly able to spend lavishly in politics, political action anchored in financial investment weighs ever more heavily in what public officials hear. Citing real-life examples and examining inequalities from multiple perspectives, Unequal and Unrepresented shows how disparities in political voice endanger American democracy today"--Publisher's description The Declaration Of Independence Proclaims Equality As A Foundational American Value. However, Unequal And Unrepresented Finds That Political Voice In America Is Not Only Unequal But Also Unrepresentative. Those Who Are Well Educated And Affluent Carry Megaphones. The Less Privileged Speak In A Whisper. Relying On Three Decades Of Research And An Enormous Wealth Of Information About Politically Active Individuals And Organizations, Kay Schlozman, Henry Brady, And Sidney Verba Offer A Concise Synthesis And Update Of Their Groundbreaking Work On Political Participation. The Authors Consider The Many Ways That Citizens In American Democracy Can Influence Public Outcomes Through Political Voice: By Voting, Getting Involved In Campaigns, Communicating Directly With Public Officials, Participating Online Or Offline, Acting Alone And In Organizations, And Investing Their Time And Money. Socioeconomic Imbalances Characterize Every Form Of Political Voice, But The Advantage To The Advantaged Is Especially Pronounced When It Comes To Any Form Of Political Expression--for Example, Lobbying Legislators Or Making Campaign Donations-that Relies On Money As An Input. With Those At The Top Of The Ladder Increasingly Able To Spend Lavishly In Politics, Political Action Anchored In Financial Investment Weighs Ever More Heavily In What Public Officials Hear. Citing Real-life Examples And Examining Inequalities From Multiple Perspectives, Unequal And Unrepresented Shows How Disparities In Political Voice Endanger American Democracy Today. Kay Lehman Schlozman; Henry E. Brady; Sidney Verba. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. The Declaration of Independence proclaims equality as a foundational American value. However, Unequal and Unrepresented finds that political voice in America is not only unequal but also unrepresentative. Those who are well educated and affluent carry megaphones. The less privileged speak in a whisper. Relying on three decades of research and an enormous wealth of information about politically active individuals and organizations, Kay Schlozman, Henry Brady, and Sidney Verba offer a concise synthesis and update of their groundbreaking work on political participation. The authors consider the many ways that citizens in American democracy can influence public outcomes through political voice: by voting, getting involved in campaigns, communicating directly with public officials, participating online or offline, acting alone and in organizations, and investing their time and money. Socioeconomic imbalances characterize every form of political voice, but the advantage to the advantaged is especially pronounced when it comes to any form of political expression--for example, lobbying legislators or making campaign donations--that relies on money as an input. With those at the top of the ladder increasingly able to spend lavishly in politics, political action anchored in financial investment weighs ever more heavily in what public officials hear. Citing real-life examples and examining inequalities from multiple perspectives, Unequal and Unrepresented shows how disparities in political voice endanger American democracy today. -- book jacket Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction PART I What Do We Mean by Political Voice? Does Equal Voice Matter? The Roots of Citizen Participation: The Civic Voluntarism Model PART II Who Exercises Political Voice? The Noisy and the Silent: Divergent Preferences and Needs Do Digital Technologies Make a Difference? Social Movements and Ordinary Recruitment PART III Who Sings in the Heavenly Chorus? The Shape of the Organized Interest System Representing Interests through Organizational Activity PART IV Growing Economic Inequality and Its (Partially) Political Roots Has It Always Been This Way? Can We Do Anything about It? Unequal Voice in an Unequal Age Notes Index