Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing: "Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held at Kollekolle, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 18-29, 1980"

The comprehensive research activity around the World in the fields of Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing being strongly supported by new experimental technique and equipment and by the parallel fast developments in computer technology and solid state devices, which has led to a rapidly reducing cost of digital processing thus enabling more complex processing to be carried out economically, emphasize how necessary it is at intervals of a few years through a NATO Advanced Study Institute (NATO ASI) and guided by leading experts to study the conquests in the fields of Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing. This need of study is moreover stressed by the interdisciplina­ rity of Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing, where a strong impact from other branches of science, - Geophysics, Radioastronomy, Bioengineering, Telecommunication, Seismology, Space Research etc. - is taking place, which makes it an extre­ mely difficult task for scientists to follow-up the development in all its phases and to preserve the general view of its rapid­ ly increasing number of possibilities. The present Proceedings of the NATO ASI held in Copenhagen during August 1980 join the series of proceedings of NATO summer schools on Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing held during the past 20 years. The equality and the fusion of the individual research fields of Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing and the separate introduction of advanced research results from other scientific areas related to underwater acoustics such as transducers characterize the subject matter of this NATO ASI. Front Matter....Pages i-xv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Noise Sources, Radiation and Mitigation....Pages 3-28 Inhomogeneities and Instabilities in Underwater Sound Propagation....Pages 29-40 Medium Inhomogeneities and Instabilities: Effects on Spatial and Temporal Processing....Pages 41-70 Chemical Sound Absorption in the Sea....Pages 71-80 Environmental Thresholds of Ambient Noise in the Ocean....Pages 81-86 Underwater Explosives: Scaling of Source Spectra....Pages 87-91 The Remote Sensing of Factors Influencing Underwater Acoustics....Pages 93-98 Scattering from Inhomogeneities....Pages 99-124 Deterministic Propagation Modelling I: Fundamental Principles....Pages 125-132 Deterministic Propagation Modelling II: Numerical Results....Pages 133-142 Stochastic Propagation Modelling....Pages 143-150 A Brief History of Submarine Exploration of the Arctic Basin and Contiguous Marginal Sea Ice Zones....Pages 151-162 A Calculation of Complex Wavenumbers of Virtual Modes in a Pekeris Model....Pages 163-168 Ambient Noise Generation in Pack Ice....Pages 169-174 Acoustic Detection, Communication, and Signal Processing Requirements for the Optional Deployment of SSBNs in the Poseidon-X Mode in Shallow Ocean Waters....Pages 175-178 Propagation of Sound in Marine Sediments....Pages 179-186 Signal Processing Aspects of Nonlinear Acoustics....Pages 187-218 Calculation of the Accurate Difference Frequency Field of a Parametric Circular Piston....Pages 219-222 Front Matter....Pages 223-223 Modern Transducers, Theory and Practice....Pages 225-242 New Types of Transducers....Pages 243-261 Front Matter....Pages 223-223 Status of Ultrasonic Lens Development....Pages 263-279 Control of Radiated Pressure Using State Variable Feedback....Pages 281-284 Front Matter....Pages 285-285 A Review of Adaptive Antennas....Pages 287-306 Adaptive Beamforming with Emphasis on Narrowband Implementation....Pages 307-326 Random Acoustic Arrays....Pages 327-338 Array Adaptive Noise Cancellation under Signal Leakage Conditions....Pages 339-346 Multi Dimensional Constrained Lattice Processor for Adaptive Arrays....Pages 347-354 General Detection and Estimation Theory in an Adaptive Context....Pages 355-378 Detection and Estimation....Pages 379-410 Fast Algorithms for Time Domain Adaptive Array Processing....Pages 411-420 Time Delay Estimation in a Sensor Array....Pages 421-432 Modeling, Algorithmic and Performance Issues in Deepwater Ranging Sound Systems....Pages 433-439 Generalized Time Space Approach and Convolution Arrays....Pages 441-454 Recent Developments in Least Squares Model Fitting....Pages 455-469 Modern Empirical Statistical Spectral Analysis....Pages 471-497 Passive Sonar Signal Processing....Pages 499-508 Adaptive High Resolution Spatial Discrimination of Passive Sources....Pages 509-515 On Array Processing in Non-Stationary Random Fields....Pages 517-521 Response of Optimal Beamformer to Broad Angular Spectra....Pages 523-526 Two-Dimensional Digital Filtering with Applications to Image Processing....Pages 527-537 Front Matter....Pages 285-285 Two-Dimensional Spectral Estimation by Linear Prediction....Pages 539-549 Design of Two-Dimensional Digital Filters for Electron Microscopy....Pages 551-557 On the Detection of Fluctuating Signals....Pages 559-562 Nonparametric Tests for Coherent Detection....Pages 563-566 Estimation of Radial Target Length Using High Resolution Signals....Pages 567-570 Eigenvector Directions of Spectral Density Matrix....Pages 571-575 Estimation and Tracking of Frequencies of Sinusoids in Noise....Pages 577-581 Dynamic Programming for Phase and Frequency Tracking....Pages 583-588 The Underwater Medium as a Generalized Communication Channel....Pages 589-612 Physical and Descriptive Approaches to Medium-Induced Acoustic Fluctuation....Pages 613-622 Characterisation of Submarine Acoustic Transmission Channels....Pages 623-628 Front Matter....Pages 629-629 Application of Micro, Mini and Maxi Processors....Pages 631-642 High-Speed Programmable Digital Signal Processing Systems for Underwater Research....Pages 643-657 Estimates of the Channel Capacity for Acoustic Underwater Communication....Pages 659-662 Application of the Coupling of Saw-to-digital Technologies to Fast Underwater Signal Processing....Pages 663-666 Front Matter....Pages 667-667 Signal Processing in Geophysics....Pages 669-682 Radioastronomy....Pages 683-692 The Application of Advanced Pattern Recognition Techniques for the Discrimination between Earthquakes and Nuclear Detonations....Pages 693-705 Tomographic Ocean Surveillance....Pages 707-712 Front Matter....Pages 713-713 Summaries of Workshops....Pages 715-722 Back Matter....Pages 723-736