Understanding and Reducing Prison Violence: An Integrated Social Control-Opportunity Perspective (Routledge Frontiers of Criminal Justice)

Présentation de l'éditeur : "Understanding and Reducing Prison Violence considers both the individual and prison characteristics associated with violence perpetration and violent victimization among both prison inmates and staff. Prison violence is not a random process; rates of violence vary across prisons and the odds of perpetrating violence or experiencing violent victimization vary across inmates and staff. A comprehensive understanding of the causes of prison violence therefore requires consideration of both individual and prison characteristics. Building on large dataset comprising 5,500 inmates and 1,800 officers across 45 prisons located across two of the United States (Ohio and Kentucky), this book showcases one of the largest and most comprehensive studies of prisons carried out to date. It considers both the implications of the study for theories of prison violence and the implications of the study for preventing violence in prisons. It will be of interest to academics, practitioners, and policy makers alike." Cover 1 Half Title 2 Series Page 3 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Dedication 6 Table of Contents 8 List of tables 12 Preface 13 Acknowledgments 15 1: Introduction 16 Explaining prison violence 18 A multilevel social control–opportunity perspective 20 Project background 22 Overview of chapters 23 Note 24 References 25 2: Prison violence: Explanations and evidence 30 Violent offending and victimization among inmates 32 Deprivation theory 32 Importation theory 35 Management theories 37 Integrated models 40 General theories of crime and victimization 43 Violent victimization of prison officers 45 Summary 47 References 49 3: A multilevel social control–opportunity framework for understanding prison violence 55 Inmate violence 57 Inmate-level contributors to violent offending 57 Prison-level contributors to violent offending 60 Managerial contributors to violent offending 62 Inmate victimization 66 Inmate-level contributors to violent victimization 67 Prison-level contributors to violent victimization 68 Officer victimization 70 Officer-level contributors to violent victimization 70 Prison-level contributors to officer victimization 73 Summary 74 References 74 4: Study attributes 82 Samples 82 Facility sample 83 Cross-sectional inmate samples 83 Longitudinal inmate samples 84 Correctional officer samples 85 Data sources 86 Inmate surveys 86 Officer surveys 87 Warden survey and observation instrument 87 Measures 88 Full sample of Ohio and Kentucky inmates 88 Subsample of Ohio inmates confronted by prison staff for rule violations 91 Sample of Ohio and Kentucky correctional officers 94 Sample of Ohio and Kentucky prisons 97 Statistical analysis 100 Summary 101 Notes 102 References 102 5: Identifying the most relevant effects on violent offending and victimization in Ohio and Kentucky prisons 104 Inmate offending 105 Full sample 105 Ohio sample 113 Reduced sample 118 Inmate victimization: Full sample 122 Violence at work: Correctional officer sample 126 Summary 132 6: Implications for a multilevel social control–opportunity theory of in-prison violence 134 A theoretical understanding of violent offending and victimization in prison 138 Inmate violence 138 Inmate victimization by violence 143 Officer victimization and safety 146 A theoretically informed approach to reducing in-prison violence 152 Summary 154 Note 155 References 155 7: Informing strategies for preventing prison violence 157 Facilities and structure 158 Custodial workforce and resources 159 Adequately educated, well-trained, and experienced officers 159 Properly equipped staff 159 Regular communication among officers 160 Strong leadership with clear communication of officers’ roles 160 Proper supervision and support of officers 161 Effective use of officers 161 Healthy officer culture 162 Encourage officers to develop constructive relationships with inmates 162 Diverse officer workforce 163 Professional work environment 163 Regular searches of inmates and cells 163 Staff exposure in housing units and living areas 164 Maintain staff perceptions of a safe environment 164 Programs and services 164 Programs to address inmate needs 165 Productive time use 165 Facilitate inmate visitation 165 Sufficient operational budgets 166 Outlets for inmates to relieve stress 166 Inmate populations 167 Managing large populations 167 Avoid feeding racial tensions 168 Managing inmates with authority issues 168 Considering an inmate’s age and sex 169 Addressing the recency of substance use 170 Managing gang members 170 Preserving (healthy) family relationships 170 Managing inmates with less commitment to conventional goals 171 Summary 171 References 172 8: In-prison violence: Non-utilitarian considerations and future research 174 Inmate litigation highlighting the injustice of violence in prison 175 Study limitations and directions for future research 177 Geographic scope 178 Operational concepts 179 Structural equation modeling within a multilevel framework 180 Summary 180 References 182 Index 184 Présentation de l'éditeur : "Understanding and Reducing Prison Violence considers both the individual and prison characteristics associated with violence perpetration and violent victimization among both prison inmates and staff. Prison violence is not a random process; rates of violence vary across prisons and the odds of perpetrating violence or experiencing violent victimization vary across inmates and staff. A comprehensive understanding of the causes of prison violence therefore requires consideration of both individual and prison characteristics. Building on large dataset comprising 5,500 inmates and 1,800 officers across 45 prisons located across two of the United States (Ohio and Kentucky), this book showcases one of the largest and most comprehensive studies of prisons carried out to date. It considers both the implications of the study for theories of prison violence and the implications of the study for preventing violence in prisons. It will be of interest to academics, practitioners, and policy makers alike." "Understanding and Reducing Prison Violence considers both the individual and prison characteristics associated with violence perpetration and violent victimization among both prison inmates and staff. Prison violence is not a random process; rates of violence vary across prisons and the odds of perpetrating violence or experiencing violent victimization vary across inmates and staff. A comprehensive understanding of the causes of prison violence therefore requires consideration of both individual and prison characteristics. Building on large dataset comprising 5,500 inmates and 1,800 officers across 45 prisons located across two of the United States (Ohio and Kentucky), this book showcases one of the largest and most comprehensive studies of prisons carried out to date. It considers both the implications of the study for theories of prison violence; and the implications of the study for preventing violence in prisons. It will be of interest to academics, practitioners and policy makers alike"-- Provided by publisher __Understanding and Reducing Prison Violence__ considers both the individual and prison characteristics associated with violence perpetration and violent victimization among both prison inmates and staff. Building on large dataset comprising 5,500 inmates and 1,800 officers across 45 prisons located across two of the United States (Ohio and Kentucky), this book showcases one of the largest and most comprehensive studies of prisons carried out to date. It considers both the implications of the study for theories of prison violence and the implications of the study for preventing violence in prisons. It will be of interest to academics, practitioners, and policy makers alike.