Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk: Volume 1 Sendai Landslide Partnerships and Kyoto Landslide Commitment (ICL Contribution to Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction)

This book is a part of ICL new book series “ICL Contribution to Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction” founded in 2019. Peer-reviewed papers submitted to the Fifth World Landslide Forum were published in six volumes of this book series. This book contains the followings: • Four Forum lectures and one award paper • Sendai Landslide Partnerships, Kyoto Landslide Commitment, and International Programme on Landslides. • Landslide-induced tsunamis • Landslides at UNESCO designates sites and contribution from WMO, FAO, and IRDR • Education and Capacity Development for Risk Management and Risk Governance Prof. Kyoji Sassa is the Founding President and the Secretary-General of International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). He has been the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal Landslides since its foundation in 2004. Prof. Matjaž Mikoš is the Vice President of International Consortium on Landslides and Vice President of Slovenian Academy of Engineering. He is a Professor and Dean of Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Dr. Shinji Sassa is Head of Soil Dynamics Group and Research Director of International Research Center for Coastal Disasters, Port and Airport Research Institute, National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Japan. Prof. Peter Bobrowsky is the President of International Consortium on Landslides. He is a Senior Scientist of Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. Prof. Kaoru Takara is the Executive Director of International Consortium on Landslides. He is a Professor and Dean of Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies (GSAIS) in Human Survivability (Shishu-Kan), Kyoto University. Dr. Khang Dang is the Secretary General of the Fifth World Landslide Forum. He also serves as the Research Promotion Officer of ICL and a Lecturer at the University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Organizational Structure of the Fifth World Landslide Forum Organizers Co-sponsors Supporting Organizations with Finance Organizing Committee Foreword by Mami Mizutori Foreword by the Assistant Director-General for the Natural Sciences Sector of UNESCO for the Book of the 5th World Landslide Forum Preface Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk Book Series: ICL Contribution to Landslide Disaster Risk The Letter of Intent 2005 and the First General Assembly 2005 The 2006 Tokyo Action Plan and the First World Landslide Forum 2008 The Second World Landslide Forum 2011 and the Third World Landslide Forum 2014 The Sendai Landslide Partnerships 2015 and the Fourth World Landslide Forum 2017 The Fifth World Landslide Forum 2020 and the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020 Call for Partners of KLC2020 Eligible Organizations to be Partners of the KLC2020 Appendix: World Landslide Forum Books Contents Forum Lectures and Special Lectures 1 On the Prediction of Landslides and Their Consequences Abstract Introduction Landslide Prediction Where Landslides Occur and Where They can be Expected Landslide Detection and Mapping Susceptibility Modelling and Zonation Predicting Non-susceptible Landslide Areas Predicting When Landslides Can Occur Process-Based Models Rainfall Thresholds Geographical Landslide Early Warning Systems Long-Term Landslide Projections Size and Number of Landslides Landslide Consequences Vulnerability Risk to the Population Final Remarks Acknowledgements References 2 Design Recommendations for Single and Dual Debris Flow Barriers with and Without Basal Clearance Abstract Introduction Analytical Framework for Dual Rigid Barriers Velocity Attenuation Impact Model Overflow Dynamics Landing Physical Modelling of Flow-Barrier Interaction Five Metre-Long Flume Modelling Twenty-Eight-Metre-Long Flume Modelling Observed Impact Mechanisms Single Rigid Barrier Single Flexible Barrier Rigid Barrier with Basal Clearance Dual Rigid Barriers Estimating the Impact Load on Single Barriers with and Without Basal Clearance Evaluation of Analytical Framework for Dual Rigid Barriers Run-up velocity (vd) Overflow Distance (xi) Landing Factor (Cr) Impact Force on Second Rigid Barrier Summary and Conclusions Looking Ahead Acknowledgements References 3 The Rockfall Failure Hazard Assessment: Summary and New Advances Abstract Introduction The Challenges of Rockfall Hazards The Rockfall Risk and Hazard Hazard Versus Susceptibility Site-Specific or Regional Assessment Elements that Control the Rockfall Failure Hazard Geotechnical Basics Field Surveys 3D Techniques Geometrical Methods Using Slope Empirical Approaches Susceptibility to Earthquakes Kinematic Tests Pure Geometrical Kinematic Tests Kinematic Tests Integrating Stress Tensor Kinematic Tests Integrating Geomechanics and Probabilistic Approaches Kinematic Test in Real 3D Power Law and Inventories Volume Power Laws The Drawback of Power Laws Other Types of Inventories Hazard Rating Based on Geomechanics Factors Back Analysis Using Rockfall Modeling to Assess Failure Susceptibility Fragmentation at Source Remarks Processes Mainly Driven by Groundwater and Precipitation Weathering Rainfall Effect Rock Breathing Process Mainly Driven by Thermal Effects Sunshine Effect and Associated Thermal Effects Freezing and Thawing Rock Stability Degradation Short-Term Rockfall Forecast New Techniques Discussion and Conclusion Acknowledgements References 4 Progress and Lessons Learned from Responses to Landslide Disasters Abstract Introduction Types of Landslide Response Factors Affecting Landslide Response Mechanism and Type Number and Geographic Extent Size Potential for Continued Activity Location Cultural Setting Providing Event Context—Looking to the Past Addressing Ongoing Hazards—Focusing on the Present Acquiring Data—Improving the Future Progress in Responding to Landslide Disasters Preparation Advances in Technology Communications and Collaborations General Experiences Conclusions Acknowledgements References 5 Behind-the-Scenes in Mitigation of Landslides and Other Geohazards in Low Income Countries—in Memory of Hiroshi Fukuoka Abstract Introduction In Action Desk Study Diagnosis of Present Conditions Monitoring Conservation Policies and Management Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References 6 The Impact of Climate Change on Landslide Hazard and Risk Abstract Introduction Causes and Impact of Climate Change Effects of Climate Change on Landslide Susceptibility Prediction of Climate Trends Potential Effects of Climate Change on Landslide Hazard A State-of-the-Art on Slope Safety Preparedness for the Impact of Climate Change: The 2015 International Forum Needs for Improved Climate Change Related Landslide Risk Management Recommendations for Improved Climate Change Related Landslide Risk Management Conclusions Acknowledgments References Sendai Landslide Partnerships, Kyoto Landslide Commitment, and International Programme on Landslides 7 Kyoto 2020 Commitment for Global Promotion of Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk Abstract Preparation Process of the KLC2020 Launching of the KLC2020 Full text of Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020 Kyoto 2020 Commitment for Global Promotion of Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk A Call for Joining the Commitment Host Organization and Secretariat Appendix: Signatories of Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020 as of 23 June 2020 8 International Consortium on Landslides (ICL): Proposing and Host Organization of SLP2015-2025 and KLC2020 Abstract Objectives Histories Activities Memberships and Benefits Call for ICL Members 9 The ICL Journal Landslides—16 Years of Capacity Development for Landslide Risk Reduction Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Categories of Articles in Landslides Journal Metrics Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Knowledge (WoK) Elsevier SCOPUS Database Results and Discussion Impact and Rankings of Landslides Impact and Rankings of Landslides Highly Cited Papers in Landslides Most Downloaded Papers in Landslides Landslides’ Best Paper Award Comparison Between SCI Journals: Landslides, Engineering Geology, Earth-Science Reviews, Geomorphology, and Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment International Cooperation as seen Through Multi-authorship of Published Articles in Landslides Conclusions Acknowledgements References 10 UNITWIN-UNESCO/KU/ICL Landslide, Earthquake and Water-related Disaster Risk Management for Society and the Environment Cooperation Programme Abstract Introduction Products of UNITWIN-UNESCO/KU/ICL Cooperation Programme Recently published papers in Kyoto University of the UNITWIN-UNESCO/KU/ICL Network Appendix 11 International Programme on Landslides (IPL): A Programme of the ICL for Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction Abstract Introduction Categories of Landslides (Core of All IPL Activities) Management of the International Programme on Landslides (IPL) Activities of WCoEs Objectives of WCoE Criteria for WCoE Candidates Guidelines for WCoE Procedure for Identification of WCoEs Activities of IPL Projects Call for Cooperation to WCoEs and IPL Projects Appendix 12 SATREPS Project for Sri Lanka with Regard to “Development of Early Warning Technology of Rain-Induced Rapid and Long-Travelling Landslides” Abstract Introduction Outline of Project RRLL Main Implementing Agency and Collaborating Entities in Sri Lanka National Building Research Organization (NBRO), Ministry of Defence Department of Meteorology (DOM), Ministry of Defence Disaster Management Centre (DMC), Ministry of Defence Department of Irrigation (DOI), Ministry of Mahaweli, Agriculture, Irrigation and Rural Development Pilot Study Sites Aranayake Landslide Area Athwelthota Landslide Area Technologies to Be Developed Precise Weather Forecast in Mountain Regions Predicting Groundwater Pressure Build-Up, Identifying Locations of RRLLs and Their Moving Areas Effective Risk Communication and Public Education How the Project has Come Up with Conclusions of Official Agreements Summary Acknowledgements References 13 Central Asia—Rockslides’ and Rock Avalanches’ Treasury and Workbook Abstract Introduction Variability of Large-Scale Slope Failures Manifestations in Central Asia The Kokomeren Summer School on Rockslides and Related Phenomena Future Plans and Conclusive Remarks Acknowledgements References 14 Results of Recent Monitoring Activities on Landslide Umka, Belgrade, Serbia—IPL 181 Abstract Introduction Study Area Previous Monitoring Activities (2010–2014) Automated GNSS Monitoring Recent Monitoring Activities (2014–2019) Geodetic Benchmarks Survey UAV Imaging and Mapping PSInSAR Data Analysis Results and Discussion Conclusion References 15 Landslides in Weathered Flysch: From Activation to Deposition (WCoE 2017–2020) Abstract Introduction International Research Activities ICL Related Activities International Research Cooperation Bilateral Research Cooperation National Research Projects National Research Program Acknowledgements References 16 Report of the Croatian WCoE 2017–2020: From Landslide Mapping to Risk Assessment Abstract Introduction Landslide Identification and Mapping Landslides in the Pannonian Basin Landslides in the Vinodol Valley in Dinarides Landslide Hazard and Risk Assessment Site Specific Rock-Fall Susceptibility National Landslide Susceptibility Zonation National Landslide Risk Assessment Discussion and Conclusions References 17 LARAM School: An Ongoing Experience Abstract Introduction Inspiration Foundation and Pillars LARAM Editions The 2-Week Yearly School Special Editions and Other Initiatives The Students Towards the Future Concluding Remarks References 18 Advanced Technologies for Landslides (WCoE 2017–2020) Abstract Introduction Research Activity of WCoE IPL Projects ICL Italian Network Contribution to Kyoto 2020 Commitment References 19 Extreme Rainfall Event and Its Aftermath Analysis—IPL 210 Project Progress Report Abstract Introduction Previous Research Study Area Rainfall Event Landslides Data Progress Report—Recent Project Activities Rainfall Event Data Sets Landslides Data Sets Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References 20 Complex Geomorphological and Engineering Geological Research of Landslides with Adverse Societal Impacts Abstract Introduction Methodology Research Results Studies in the Czech Republic Research Performed Abroad Increasing Public Awareness in the Czech Republic Landslide Research Education Conclusion Acknowledgements References 21 Report of the IPL-219, IPL-220 and Croatian WCoE 2017–2020: From Landslide Investigation to Landslide Prediction and Stabilization Abstract Introduction Landslide Investigation and Testing Colluvial Materials from the Valići Lake Landslide Colluvial Materials in the Vinodol Valley Landslide Monitoring Landslide Modeling Numerical Modelling of Valići Lake Landslide Physical Modelling of Landslide Initiation Landslide Stabilization and Remedial Measures Rockfall Modelling and Rockfall Protection at the Slopes Above the City of Omiš Investigation and Remediation of the Špičunak Landslide Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgements References Landslide-Induced Tsunamis 22 Simulation of Tsunami Waves Induced by Coastal and Submarine Landslides in Japan Abstract Introduction Development of Undrained Dynamic Loading Ring Shear Testing for Landslide-Induced Tsunamis Development of LS-Tsunami Model Application of the Model to Two Hypothetical Simple Coastal Landslides Application of the Undrained Dynamic-Loading Ring-Shear Testing and LS-Tsunami Model to the Unzen-Mayuyama Landslide and Its Resulting Tsunami Wave Sample from the 1792 Unzen–Mayuyama Landslide Area Results of ICL-2 Testing of the 1792 Unzen-Mayuyama Landslide Samples Undrained Monotonic Stress Control Pore-Water Pressure Control Test Examination of Earthquake Loading at the Unzen-Mayuyama Landslide Seismic Loading Test LS-Tsunami Simulation of the Unzen-Mayuyama Landslide-Induced Tsunami Comparison Between the LS-Tsunami Simulation Result and the Historical Record Ring-Shear-Testing and LS-Rapid Simulation of a Hypothetical Senoumi Submarine Landslide Transportable Undrained Loading Ring Shear Apparatus ICL-1 Testing Samples Submarine Deposits in Nankai Trough Neogene Deposits in the Omaezaki Hill Undrained Ring Shear Tests Initial Condition Undrained Cyclic Loading Tests Undrained Seismic Loading Ring Shear Test LS-RAPID Simulation Result for Senoumi Area Tsunami Simulation Result of the Senoumi Hypothetical Landslide for IODP Volcanic Ash with the Application of the 1.0 × Tohoku Earthquake Record (MYG004) Finding Tsunami Deposits Along Ota River, Shizuoka Prefecture Reproduction of the 2009 Earthquake-Triggered Submarine Landslide-Induced Tsunami in Suruga Bay, Japan as an Evidence of the Reliability of LS-Tsunami Evidence of Submarine Landslide Tsunami Simulation Hazard Assessment of Tsunami Induced by a Potential Retrogressive Landslide in the Senoumi Landslide Topography in Suruga Bay, Japan Conditions of LS-RAPID Simulation Tsunami Hazard Assessment in Coasts Along Suruga Bay by LS-Tsunami Conclusions Acknowledgements References 23 On the Use of Statistical Analysis to Understand Submarine Landslide Processes and Assess Their Hazard Abstract Introduction Inferring the Style of Slope Failure from Area-Volume Relationship Lognormal Distributions of Landslide Scars Inferring Landslide Triggering Mechanisms from Scar Area Distribution Lognormal Distribution Is Indicative of Triggering by Earthquakes Effects of Earthquake Frequency and Sedimentation Rate on Slope Stability Deducing Failure Processes of Submarine Landslides from Scar Area Distribution Statistical Analysis for Hazard Assessment Warnings Based on Earthquake Location and Magnitude Construction of Landslide Hazard Curves Hazard Assessment in Carbonate Margins Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References 24 The Continuing Underestimated Tsunami Hazard from Submarine Landslides Abstract Introduction Evidence for Submarine Landslides Passive Margins Convergent Margins Strike-Slip Margins Submarine Landslide Tsunami—The Hazard Remains Undefined Acknowledgements References 25 December 11, 2018 Landslide and 90-m Icy Tsunami in the Bureya Water Reservoir Abstract Introduction Landslide Tsunami Impact Conclusion Acknowledgements References 26 The Link Between Upper-Slope Submarine Landslides and Mass Transport Deposits in the Hadal Trenchs Abstract Introduction Materials, Data and Methods Results and Discussion Characteristics of the MTDs in the Observed Cores, Their Ages, and the Correlation Between Them Origin of Distal MTD in Core GeoB21917 Possible Link Between Submarine Landslides on the Upper Slope and MTDs in the Hadal Japan Trench Floor Conclusions Acknowledgements References 27 Tsunami from the San Andrés Landslide on El Hierro, Canary Islands: First Attempt Using Simple Scenario Abstract Introduction Study Area Methodology Tsunami Genesis Tsunami Propagation Results Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgements References 28 A Sedimentological Study of Turbidite Layers on a Deep–Sea Terrace in the Japan Trench Abstract Introduction Materials Methods Magnetic Susceptibility (MS and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) Natural Remanent Magnetization (NRM) Results Magnetic Susceptibility (MS and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) Natural Remanent Magnetization (NRM) Paleocurrent Analysis Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References 29 Flank Failure of the Volcanic Turtle Island and the Submarine Landslide in the Southernmost Okinawa Trough Abstract Introduction and Geological Setting Methods and Data Results Summary References 30 Numerical Simulation for Tsunami Generation Due to a Landslide Abstract Introduction Numerical Method and Conditions Tsunamis Caused by Falling Large Circles Tsunamis Caused by Falling Small Circles Tsunamis Caused by a Falling Right Triangle or a Falling Rectangle Tsunamis Caused by Falling Rigid Bodies Including Both Large and Small Circles Tsunamis Running Up the Slope Where the Landslide has Occurred Tsunamis Due to a Falling Fluid, Where the Slope Gradient is Different Between Above and Below the Still Water Level Conclusions Acknowledgements References 31 Dealing with Mass Flow-Induced Tsunamis at Stromboli Volcano: Monitoring Strategies Through Multi-Platform Remote Sensing Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Stromboli Island Methods Results Ground Displacement Change Detection Discussion and Conclusive Remarks Acknowledgements References 32 Detailed Seafloor Observations on a Deep-Sea Terrace Along the Japan Trench After the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Abstract Introduction Deep-Sea Sedimentary Processes Triggered by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Description of the Survey Results Survey Three Months After the Earthquake (June 2011) Survey Six Months After the Earthquake (September 2011) Surveys One Year After the Earthquake (March 2012) Concluding remarks Acknowledgements References Landslides at UNESCO Designates Sites and Contribution from WMO, FAO, IRDR 33 Landslides at UNESCO-Designated Sites Abstract Introduction: UNESCO Designated Sites UNESCO Global Geoparks Biosphere Reserves World Heritage Sites Natural Hazards at UNESCO Designated Sites Exposure of UNESCO Designated Sites to Landslides Past Landslides at UNESCO Designated Sites Global Assessment: Methodology Global Assessment: Results Actions on UNESCO Designated Sites Protection Against Landslides UNESCO and ICL Cooperation References 34 Traditional Knowledge and Local Expertise in Landslide Risk Mitigation of World Heritages Sites Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results: Traditional Knowledge and Local Expertise in Landslide Mitigation Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References 35 Reconstruction of the Slope Instability Conditions Before the 2016 Failure in an Urbanized District of Florence (Italy), a UNESCO World Heritage Site Abstract Introduction The Study Area Space–Time Reconstruction of the Instability Framework Past Riverbanks Failures Past Slope Instabilities The 2016 Pre-collapse Condition The 2016 Riverbank Failure Discussion and Conclusion Acknowledgements References 36 Integrating Kinematic Analysis and Infrared Thermography for Instability Processes Assessment in the Rupestrian Monastery Complex of David Gareja (Georgia) Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Topographic Surveys Landslide Kinematics Global Analysis Infrared Thermography (IRT) Preliminary Assessment of Slope Instabilities Lavra and Natlismcemeli Monasteries Sabereebi and Dodo Gareji Monasteries Discussions and Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References 37 Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Assessment in the High City of Antananarivo (Madagascar) Abstract Introduction Geomorphological-Geological Features Slope Instability Processes Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Map Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References 38 Thermo-Mechanical Cliff Stability at Tomb KV42 in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt Abstract Introduction Site Investigation Infrared Thermographic (IRT) Surveying Characterization of Local Weather Conditions and Heat Fluxes Numerical Model Setup Preliminary results Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgements References 39 Collaboration in MHEWS Through an Integrated Way Abstract Introduction Multi-stakeholder Partnership on MHEWS at International Level Partnerships of Global MHEWSs Interfaces with Humanitarian and Crisis Management Networks Partnership on Funding Mechanism for MHEWS IN-MHEWS Partnership for Strengthening Coordination MHEWS Partnership in Thematic Areas, Such as Cascading Impact Chain Relate to Landslide Partnership on Environment and Humanitarian Action (EHA) Network Global Network on Monitoring, Analysis, and Prediction of Air Quality (MAP-AQ) and its Support of the Frontiers and Professional Partners Global Water Partnership Multi-Stakeholder Partnership at Regional Level ARISTOTLE in Europe and SSE-MHEWS-A in Southeast Europe South-East European Multi-Hazard Early Warning Advisory System (SSE-MHEWS-A) Regional Integrated MHEWS (RIMES) in Africa and Asia MHEWS in the Caribbean: Partnership Through Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) and the Application of the Early Warning Systems Checklist in the region Multi-stakeholder Partnership at National Level Multi-sector and Multi-level Participation in Indonesia MHEWS Partnership in Urban Areas Multi-stakeholder Partnership with Private Sector and NGOs Scenario-Based Risk Insurance for Multi-Hazard Impacts Partnership with NGOs, an Example from Implementing the Early Action Protocol (EPR) for Delivering the Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) in a Forecast Based Early Action Manner Public and Private Partnership (PPP) on Delivering Warnings and Emergency Alerts PUP-PPP Multiple Disasters’ Damage and Loss Data Recording Conclusion and Discussion Acknowledgements References 40 Resilient Watershed Management: Landscape Approach to Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction Abstract Introduction Principles of Resilient Watershed Management Landscape and Integrated, a Risk-Based Approach to Watershed Management Case Study 1—Morocco General and Local Context The Project Approach Main Project Achievements Follow-Up and Exit Strategy Case Study 2—Pakistan General and Local Context The Project Approach Main Project Achievements Follow-Up and Exit Strategy Conclusion References 41 Integrating DRR into the Conservation and Management Mechanisms of the Internationally Designated Sites—View of IRDR Abstract The Question of Relevance Recent International Effort to Connect IDAs with DRR Integration Within Respective IDAs Statutory Mechanisms Conclusion: IRDR’s View on Key Actions Required for Further Integration References 42 Landslide Hazard and Risk Assessment for Civil Protection Early Response Abstract Introduction Post-landslide Scientific Activities Event Landslides Inventory Mapping Damage Assessment Monitoring and Early Warning Designing of Countermeasures Multiple Activities in Major Disasters Concluding Remarks References 43 Size Matters: The Impact of Small, Medium and Large Landslide Disasters Abstract Introduction Methodology Results EM-DAT: High Magnitude-Low Frequency Disaster Events Discrepancies Between Databases on Selected Countries Discrepancies in Latin-American Countries Between Databases (1970–2013) Discussion and Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References 44 Practices of Public Participation Early Warning System for Geological Hazards in China Abstract Introduction Early Warnings and Chinese PPMW System Implementing PPMW System: Top-Down Institutional Capacity Building Public Education for Disaster Risk Reduction Emergency Response: Bottom-Up Emergency Response Process Response to the “719” Landslide in Boli Village PPMW System Outcomes Conclusion Acknowledgements References Education and Capacity Development for Risk Management and Risk Governance 45 Early Warning Systems in Italy: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends Abstract Introduction Rainfall-Based EWS The National Warning System SIGMA Model Risk Communication Displacement-Based EWS Landslide Forecasting Using Kinematic Parameters The Satellite Monitoring System Acknowledgements References 46 Community-Based Landslide Risk Management in Contrasting Social Environments, Cases from the Czech Republic Abstract Community-Based Landslide Risk Management Landslide Risk Reduction and Individualization at the Community Level or Institutional Diversification Allotment Gardens Individualization in Landslide Emergency Response Institutional Diversification Role of Governmental Policies in LDRR Discussion and Conclusions Synergies of State-Wide Policies with Community-Based Actions for Landslide Risk Reduction Acknowledgements References 47 Refinement Progresses on Freeway Slope Maintenance After a Huge Landslide Disaster Abstract Introduction Emergency Treatment Revision of Maintenance Manual Slope Inspection Anchor Inspection Slope Safety Improvement Establishment of Management System Lifecycle-Based Maintenance and Management System (LMMS) Slope Inspection Operation System (SIOS) Slope Information Sharing Platform (SISP) Slope Action Management Platform (SAMP) Effects of Management System Overall Inspection Review of Slope Data Checking on All Slope Inspected Results Slope Safety Evaluation Sorting of Maintenance Sequence Conclusion Acknowledgements References 48 Landslide Exposure Community-Based Mapping: A First Encounter in a Small Rural Locality of Mexico Abstract Introduction Study Area Community-Based Mapping Methodology Aerial Survey Using UAV Field Evaluation of Buildings Community-Based Workshop Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References 49 Co-Producing Data and Decision Support Tools to Reduce Landslide Risk in the Humid Tropics Abstract Introduction Landslide Risk Reduction Data, Knowledge and Action Gaps in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Partnerships for Landslide Risk Reduction: Saint Lucia Community-Based Landslide Risk Reduction Landslide Hazards Along Lifeline Roads at National Scales Co-producing the Prototype Platform for Road and Infrastructure Slope Management (PRISM) in Saint Lucia Prototype National Cut-Slope Database Prototype National Soil Geotechnical Database Prototype Decision-Support Tools and Information Conclusions Acknowledgements References 50 Effective Global Communication on Disaster Mitigation of Landslides Through E-Conferencing Abstract Introduction World Centre of Excellence (WCoE) First International E-Conference in 2015 Key Stakeholder Expressions Facebook Interaction and Societal Interest Indigenous Knowledge Aspects Conclusions Acknowledgements References 51 ICT-Based Landslide Disaster Simulation Drill: Road to Achieve 2030 Global Commitment Abstract Introduction Study Area Methods Community-Based Landslide Simulation Drill Disaster Management Metamodel Disaster Communication Discussion Preparedness and Awareness Emergency Response Recovery Critical Factors for Simulation Drill Implementation Conclusion Acknowledgements References 52 A Preliminary Work of Safety Potential Analysis Model for Anchors Used on Freeway Slopes Abstract Introduction Geographic Information System Principle of Anchor Lift-Off Test Process of Slope Safety Potential Analysis Case Study of Slope Safety Potential Analysis Basic Information on Anchored Slopes Appearance Safety Potential Component Safety Potential Lift-Off Test Safety Potential Conclusion and Suggestions Acknowledgements References 53 Initial Experiences of Community Involvement in an Early Warning System in Informal Settlements in Medellín, Colombia Abstract The Project Inform@Risk Urban Development as a Triggering Factor Social Aspects on Landslide Warning Prevention (Before the Event) Preparation (Before the Event) Intervention (During the Event) Recondition/Reconstruction (After the Event) Community Work in the Project Workshops Assistance in Field Work Construction and Installation of Sensors Maintenance of Sensor Network Experiences so Far and Lookout References 54 Capacity Building and Community Preparedness Towards Landslide Disaster in Pagerharjo Village, Kulon Progo Regency of Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract Introduction Case Study Methodology Results Slope Conditions Geological Conditions Social and Economic Condition Dissemination of Landslide Disaster Knowledge Disaster Preparedness and Response Team Evacuation Route Map Evacuation Drill and Commitment of the Local Government Discussion and Conclusion Acknowledgements References 55 Protection of a Cultural Heritage Site in Croatia from Rockfall Occurrences Abstract Introduction Study Area Design of Rockfall Protection Measures Methodology Simulation Results Conclusions Acknowledgements References 56 Cutting-Edge Technologies Aiming for Better Outcomes of Landslide Disaster Mitigation Marui & Co. Ltd. Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. OSASI Technos, Inc. Godai Corporation Japan Conservation Engineers & Co., Ltd. OYO Corporation Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd. Geobrugg AG Ellegi srl Chuo Kaihatsu Corporation IDS GeoRadar s.r.l. METER Group, Inc. Asia Air Survey Co., Ltd. Kiso-Jiban Consultants Co., Ltd. Okuyama Boring Co., Ltd. Kawasaki Geological Engineering Co. Ltd. Nissaku Co., Ltd. Appendix_1 This book is a part of ICL new book series "Contribution to Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction" founded in 2019. Peer-reviewed papers submitted to the Fifth World Landslide Forum were published in six volumes of this book series. This book contains the followings: Four Forum lectures and one award paper Sendai Landslide Partnerships, Kyoto Landslide Commitment, and International Programme on Landslides. Landslide-induced tsunamis Landslides at UNESCO designates sites and contribution from WMO, FAO, and IRDR Education and Capacity Development for Risk Management and Risk Governance Prof. Kyoji Sassa is the Founding President and the Secretary-General of International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). He has been the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal Landslides since its foundation in 2004. Prof. Matjaz Mikos is the Vice President of International Consortium on Landslides and Vice President of Slovenian Academy of Engineering. He is a Professor and Dean of Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Dr. Shinji Sassa is Head of Soil Dynamics Group and Research Director of International Research Center for Coastal Disasters, Port and Airport Research Institute, National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Japan. Prof. Peter Bobrowsky is the President of International Consortium on Landslides. He is a Senior Scientist of Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. Prof. Kaoru Takara is the Executive Director of International Consortium on Landslides. He is a Professor and Dean of Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies (GSAIS) in Human Survivability (Shishu-Kan), Kyoto University. Dr. Khang Dang is the Secretary General of the Fifth World Landslide Forum. He also serves as the Research Promotion Officer of ICL and a Lecturer at the University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi