Ultrasound Clinics Obstetric Ultrasound Gynecologic Ultrasound vol 1 Issues 2

Cover......Page 1 Preface......Page 2 First-Trimester Screening......Page 3 First-trimester aneuploidy screening......Page 4 Increased impedance of flow of the ductus venosus......Page 8 First-trimester screening followed by second-trimester biochemistry......Page 9 Other chromosome abnormalities......Page 10 Birth defects in euploid fetuses who have increased nuchal translucency......Page 12 Twins and multiple gestations......Page 14 Structural defects detected during the first trimester......Page 15 References......Page 21 Normal pregnancy......Page 28 Spontaneous abortion......Page 29 Molar pregnancy......Page 30 Hemoperitoneum......Page 31 Ectopic pregnancy......Page 32 Endometrial findings......Page 33 Adnexal findings......Page 34 Scar pregnancy......Page 35 Ovarian torsion......Page 37 Gastrointestinal causes of pelvic pain......Page 38 References......Page 40 Fetal cardiac screening......Page 43 Image quality......Page 44 Evolution of cardiac abnormalities......Page 45 General considerations......Page 46 Extended basic examination......Page 47 Ventricular septal defects......Page 49 Atrioventricular septal defects......Page 51 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome......Page 52 Tricuspid valve abnormalities......Page 53 Truncus arteriosus......Page 54 Transposition of the great arteries......Page 55 Tetralogy of Fallot......Page 56 Aortic coarctation......Page 57 References......Page 58 Umbilical arterial circulation......Page 62 Middle cerebral circulation......Page 63 Fetal venous Doppler......Page 64 Fetal cardiac Doppler......Page 65 Fetal Doppler and intrauterine growth restriction......Page 67 References......Page 69 The lower uterine segment in normal pregnancy......Page 71 Uterine dehiscence and rupture......Page 73 Pitfalls in assessing cervical length and funneling......Page 78 Placenta previa......Page 79 Placenta accreta, increta, and percreta......Page 82 Leiomyomas in the lower uterine segment......Page 83 Ectopic pregnancy in the uterine scar......Page 84 References......Page 85 Acquisition of volumes......Page 88 Display modalities......Page 89 Scanning Tips......Page 92 Archiving 3-D US and 4-D US data......Page 93 Usefulness of 3-D and 4-D US in obstetrics......Page 94 Cleft lip and palate......Page 95 Extremities and skeleton......Page 99 References......Page 100 Normal anatomy......Page 102 Overview of ultrasound analytic approach to the adnexal mass......Page 104 Unilocular smooth-walled anechoic cyst......Page 106 Physiologic causes of findings that may raise concern......Page 111 When physiologic process is unlikely, has a characteristic pattern been established?......Page 114 Non-neoplastic cyst......Page 115 Endometrioma......Page 116 Hydrosalpinx......Page 117 Cystic teratoma......Page 119 Benign and malignant cystic neoplasms (cystadenomas’and cystadenocarcinomas)......Page 120 Further imaging or surgical exploration......Page 121 References......Page 122 Use of MR Imaging for Further Evaluation of Sonographically Detected Adnexal Pathology......Page 124 Leiomyomas......Page 125 Endometriosis......Page 129 Fibromas......Page 143 Summary......Page 148 References......Page 149 Saline Infusion Sonohysterography......Page 151 Unexplained uterine bleeding—endometrium suboptimally imaged with transvaginal sonography......Page 152 Abnormal bleeding and abnormal endometrial appearance on transvaginal sonography (too’thick, cy...........Page 153 Transvaginal sonography and biopsy findings are inconsistent......Page 158 Risks of saline infusion sonohysterography......Page 159 Scheduling the saline infusion sonohysterography......Page 160 Technique......Page 161 Technical success/difficulties......Page 162 Benefits of saline infusion sonohysterography......Page 163 References......Page 179 Evolution of endometrial assessment......Page 181 Transvaginal ultrasound......Page 182 Risk of infection......Page 188 References......Page 189