UK Public Law and European Law : The Dynamics of Legal Integration

Academic attention has, in recent years, increasingly focused upon the Europeanization of national legal orders. The interaction of domestic and supranational standards, while often presented as problematic, enables national courts to use European law as a reference point against which to develop domestic principle and practice. The effects of such borrowing can be far-reaching. Courts may assume an enhanced institutional role relative to other branches of the State and individuals may benefit from the introduction of new remedies and principles of judicial review. This book examines the dynamics of the process whereby UK courts borrow principle and practice from European law. It argues that recent internal developments in UK law, notably the passage of the Human Rights Act, present new possibilities for legal integration. Although UK courts have already demonstrated a willingness to use European law creatively, the book suggests that integration has been unduly constrained by the previously unincorporated status of the ECHR and by the courts' justification for the reception of EU law. Focusing in particular on the principles of administrative law applied by courts in judicial review proceedings, the book highlights how the emergence of new principles of review has been frustrated by the courts' inability to view EU law and the ECHR as part of an interlocking whole. The book's central argument, therefore, is that the Human Rights Act, coupled with the more general programme of constitutional reform introduced by New Labour, now offers the courts the opportunity to reassess the nature of the interactive relationship that domestic law has with European law. UK Public Law and European Law: The Dynamics of Legal Integration will be of interest to public lawyers, European lawyers and political scientists alike. It offers a comprehensive overview of existing jurisprudence dealing with the reception of European law into the domestic order. More significantly, it places that jurisprudence within the wider context of legal and political change ongoing within and without the United Kingdom. Half Title Page......Page 1 Half Title verso......Page 2 Title Page......Page 3 Title verso......Page 4 Preface and Acknowledgements......Page 7 Contents......Page 9 Table of Cases......Page 11 Table of Legislation......Page 25 Introduction......Page 29 Contextualising Legal Integration......Page 31 Conceptualising Legal Integration......Page 37 Arguments......Page 45 Introduction......Page 51 The Ultra Vires Debate and the Changing Nature of Judicial Review......Page 54 The Royal Prerogative......Page 58 The Public-Private Divide......Page 63 Conclusion......Page 72 Introduction......Page 75 European Union Law......Page 76 The European Convention on Human Rights......Page 94 Conclusion......Page 101 Introduction......Page 103 Constitutional Orthodoxy and Supremacy......Page 105 Constitutional Revolution and Supremacy......Page 114 Orthodoxy, Indirect Effect and the Dualist Parameters of Integration......Page 120 Conclusion......Page 128 Introduction......Page 131 The Dualist Divide......Page 133 Proportionality......Page 138 Substantive Legitimate Expectations......Page 145 The Duty to Give Reasons......Page 153 Conclusion......Page 158 Introduction......Page 161 Remedies and the Individual......Page 162 Remedies, the Courts and Institutional Balance......Page 170 Conclusion......Page 181 Introduction......Page 185 Domestic Law, the ECHR and Fundamental Rights Pre-Human Rights Act......Page 188 The Human Rights Act: An Overview......Page 193 The Human Rights Act and the Limits of Cross-fertilisation......Page 197 Conclusion......Page 205 8. The Dynamics of Legal Integration?......Page 207 Select Bibliography......Page 211 Index......Page 223 Half Title Page 1 Half Title verso 2 Title Page 3 Title verso 4 Preface and Acknowledgements 7 Contents 9 Table of Cases 11 Table of Legislation 25 1. Issues, Concepts and Arguments 29 Introduction 29 Contextualising Legal Integration 31 Conceptualising Legal Integration 37 Arguments 45 2. The Dynamics of UK Public Law 51 Introduction 51 The Ultra Vires Debate and the Changing Nature of Judicial Review 54 The Royal Prerogative 58 The Public-Private Divide 63 Conclusion 72 3. The Dynamics of European Law 75 Introduction 75 European Union Law 76 The European Convention on Human Rights 94 Conclusion 101 4. The Reception of EU Law 103 Introduction 103 Constitutional Orthodoxy and Supremacy 105 Constitutional Revolution and Supremacy 114 Orthodoxy, Indirect Effect and the Dualist Parameters of Integration 120 Conclusion 128 5. EU Law and Principles of Judicial Review 131 Introduction 131 The Dualist Divide 133 Proportionality 138 Substantive Legitimate Expectations 145 The Duty to Give Reasons 153 Conclusion 158 6. Remedies 161 Introduction 161 Remedies and the Individual 162 Remedies, the Courts and Institutional Balance 170 Conclusion 181 7. The Human Rights Act 1998 and Cross-fertilisation 185 Introduction 185 Domestic Law, the ECHR and Fundamental Rights Pre-Human Rights Act 188 The Human Rights Act: An Overview 193 The Human Rights Act and the Limits of Cross-fertilisation 197 Conclusion 205 8. The Dynamics of Legal Integration? 207 Select Bibliography 211 Index 223 This Title Argues That Recent Internal Developments In Uk Law, Notably The Passage Of The Human Rights Act, Present New Possibilities For Legal Integration. Issues, Concepts And Arguments -- The Dynamics Of Uk Public Law -- The Dynamics Of European Law -- The Reception Of Eu Law -- Eu Law And Principles Of Judicial Review -- Remedies -- The Human Rights Act 1998 And Cross-fertilisation -- The Dynamics Of Legal Integration? Gordon Anthony. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [183]-193) And Index.