Two Faces of Exclusion : The Untold History of Anti-Asian Racism in the United States

From the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 to the Immigration Act of 1924 to Japanese American internment during World War II, the United States has a long history of anti-Asian policies. But Lon Kurashige demonstrates that despite widespread racism, Asian exclusion was not the product of an ongoing national consensus; it was a subject of fierce debate. This book complicates the exclusion story by examining the organized and well-funded opposition to discrimination that involved some of the most powerful public figures in American politics, business, religion, and academia. In recovering this opposition, Kurashige explains the rise and fall of exclusionist policies through an unstable and protracted political rivalry that began in the 1850s with the coming of Asian immigrants, extended to the age of exclusion from the 1880s until the 1960s, and since then has shaped the memory of past discrimination. In this first book-length analysis of both sides of the debate, Kurashige argues that exclusion-era policies were more than just enactments of racism; they were also catalysts for U.S.-Asian cooperation and the basis for the twenty-first century's tightly integrated Pacific world. From The Chinese Exclusion Act Of 1882 To The Immigration Act Of 1924 To Japanese American Internment During World War Ii, The United States Has A Long History Of Anti-asian Policies. But Lon Kurashige Demonstrates That Despite Widespread Racism, Asian Exclusion Was Not The Product Of An Ongoing National Consensus; It Was A Subject Of Fierce Debate. This Book Complicates The Exclusion Story By Examining The Organized And Well-funded Opposition To Discrimination That Involved Some Of The Most Powerful Public Figures In American Politics, Business, Religion, And Academia. In Recovering This Opposition, Kurashige Explains The Rise And Fall Of Exclusionist Policies Through An Unstable And Protracted Political Rivalry That Began In The 1850s With The Coming Of Asian Immigrants, Extended To The Age Of Exclusion From The 1880s Until The 1960s, And Since Then Has Shaped The Memory Of Past Discrimination. Introduction : Racism And The Making Of A Pacific Nation -- Before The Storm : Race For Commercial Empire, 1846-1876 -- First Downpour : Chinese Immigrants And Gilded Age Politics, 1876-1882 -- Eye Of The Storm : The Laboring Of Exclusion, 1882-1904 -- Rising Tide Of Fear : White And Yellow Perils, 1904-1919 -- Flood Control : Nationalism, Internationalism, And Japanese Exclusion, 1919-1924 -- Silver Lining : New Deals For Asian Americans, 1924-1941 -- Winds Of War : Internment And The Great Transformation, 1941-1952 -- After The Storm : Debating Asian Americans In The Egalitarian Era -- Conclusion : Why Remember The Exclusion Debate? Lon Kurashige. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. From the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 to the Immigration Act of 1924 to Japanese American internment during World War II, the United States has a long history of anti-Asian policies. But Lon Kurashige demonstrates that despite widespread racism, Asian exclusion was not the product of an on-going national consensus; it was a subject of fierce debate. This book complicates the exclusion story by examining the organized and well-funded opposition to discrimination that involved some of the most powerful public figures in American politics, business, religion, and academia. In recovering this opposition, Kurashige explains the rise and fall of exclusionist policies through an unstable and protracted political rivalry that began in the 1850s with the coming of Asian immigrants, extended to the age of exclusion from the 1880s until the 1960s, and since then shaped the memory of past discrimination. In this first book-length analysis of both sides of the debate, exclusion-era policies are more than just enactments of racism; they are also catalysts for U.S.-Asian cooperation and the basis for the 21^st^ century’s tightly integrated Pacific world. From the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 to the Immigration Act of 1924 to Japanese American internment during World War II, the United States has a long history of anti-Asian policies. But Lon Kurashige demonstrates that despite widespread racism, Asian exclusion was not the product of an ongoing national consensus; it was a subject of fierce debate. This book complicates the exclusion story by examining the organized and well-funded opposition to discrimination that involved some of the most powerful public figures in American politics, business, religion, and academia. In recovering this opposition, Kurashige explains the rise and fall of exclusionist policies through an unstable and protracted political rivalry that began in the 1850s with the coming of Asian immigrants, extended to the age of exclusion from the 1880s until the 1960s, and since then has shaped the memory of past discrimination--Publisher's description Cover Half Title Title Copyright Contents Preface Acknowledgments Chronology INTRODUCTION: Racism and the Making of a Pacific Nation 1. BEFORE THE STORM: Race for Commercial Empire, 1846–1876 2. FIRST DOWNPOUR: Chinese Immigrants and Gilded Age Politics, 1876–1882 3. EYE OF THE STORM: The Laboring of Exclusion, 1882–1904 4. RISING TIDE OF FEAR: White and Yellow Perils, 1904–1919 5. FLOOD CONTROL: Nationalism, Internationalism, and Japanese Exclusion, 1919–1924 6. SILVER LINING: New Deals for Asian Americans, 1924–1941 7. WINDS OF WAR: Internment and the Great Transformation, 1941–1952 8. AFTER THE STORM: Debating Asian Americans in the Egalitarian Era CONCLUSION: Why Remember the Exclusion Debate? Notes Bibliographic Essay Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z From the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 to Japanese American internment during World War II, the US has a long history of anti-Asian policies. But Lon Kurashige demonstrates that despite widespread racism, Asian exclusion was not the product of an ongoing national consensus, it was a subject of fierce debate. This book examines the opposition to discrimination that involved some of the most powerful public figures in America