Turkish Intelligence and the Cold War The Turkish Secret Service, the US and the UK : The Turkish Secret Service,the US and the UK

"Turkish Intelligence and the Cold War examines the hitherto unexplored history of secret intelligence cooperation between three asymmetric partners -- specifically the UK, US and Turkey -- from the end of the Second World War until the Turkey's first military coup d'état on 27 May 1960. The book shows that our understanding of the Cold War as a binary rivalry between the two blocs is too simple an approach and obscures important characteristics of intelligence cooperation among allies. Egemen Bezci shows that a pragmatic approach offers states new opportunities to protect national interests, by conducting ''intelligence diplomacy' to influence crucial areas such as nuclear weapons and to exploit cooperation in support of their own strategic imperatives. This study not only reveals previously-unexplored origins of secret intelligence cooperation between Turkey and West, but also contributes to wider academic debates on the nature of the Cold War by highlighting the potential agency of weaker states in the Western Alliance."--Bloomsbury Publishing. Cover 1 Contents 6 Acknowledgements 10 List of Abbreviations 12 Introduction: Dark Origins of the Turkish-British-American Alliance 14 Intelligence diplomacy 16 Secrecy and the study of intelligence 22 Organization 33 Note on sources 35 Notes 38 1 Machinery in Comparison 44 Gearing the machinery 45 The American intelligence community 48 British intelligence community 51 The Turkish intelligence community 55 From intelligence to policy making 64 Conclusion 69 Notes 69 2 Historical Background, 1923–45 76 Early steps 78 The interwar years 81 Turkey and the powers, 1939–41 85 Wartime clandestine cooperation 88 An element of distrust 95 Conclusion 102 Notes 103 3 (Dis)Trusting Your Allies: NATO and CENTO 110 Intelligence Security and Confidence Building 114 Reds in the Ranks 116 Nato 117 Baghdad Pact 122 Military Intelligence 126 Nato 126 Baghdad Pact 136 Conclusion 141 Notes 142 4 Spies, Atoms and Signals 150 Human intelligence and smuggling of agents 154 Running errands in Bulgaria 159 Signals: Listening to the atoms 164 The Turks’ trial with atoms 171 Conclusion 180 Notes 181 5 Counter-Subversion: Our Common ‘Enemies’ 188 Intelligence-made enemies: Communists and Kurds 189 Do Kurds have no friends but the mountains? 194 Convincing allies 199 Our common enemy 206 Radio debacle 212 Conclusion 214 Notes 215 6 Covert Action: The Turks’ Hidden Hand in Syria 224 Making sense of Turkish covert operations 224 Turkey’s struggle for Syria 229 Early approaches 231 Beginning of the coups 236 Back in Aleppo 237 Ankara does not give up 243 Alliance in discord 246 Last try 250 The coup against itself 255 Conclusion 258 Notes 259 Conclusion: Keeping up with the Alliance 268 Contributions and further investigation 274 Notes 280 Bibliography 282 Index 301 "Turkish Intelligence and the Cold War examines the hitherto unexplored history of secret intelligence cooperation between three asymmetric partners - specifically the UK, US and Turkey - from the end of the Second World War until the Turkey's first military coup d'état on 27 May 1960. The book shows that our understanding of the Cold War as a binary rivalry between the two blocs is too simple an approach and obscures important characteristics of intelligence cooperation among allies. Egemen Bezci shows that a pragmatic approach offers states new opportunities to protect national interests, by conducting ''intelligence diplomacy' to influence crucial areas such as nuclear weapons and to exploit cooperation in support of their own strategic imperatives. This study not only reveals previously-unexplored origins of secret intelligence cooperation between Turkey and West, but also contributes to wider academic debates on the nature of the Cold War by highlighting the potential agency of weaker states in the Western Alliance."--Provided by publisher Turkish Intelligence and the Cold War examines the hitherto unexplored history of secret intelligence cooperation between three asymmetric partners - specifically the UK, US and Turkey - from the end of the Second World War until the Turkey's first military coup d'etat on 27 May 1960. The book shows that our understanding of the Cold War as a binary rivalry between the two blocs is too simple an approach and obscures important characteristics of intelligence cooperation among allies. Egemen Bezci shows that a pragmatic approach offers states new opportunities to protect national interests, by conducting ''intelligence diplomacy' to influence crucial areas such as nuclear weapons and to exploit cooperation in support of their own strategic imperatives. This study not only reveals previously-unexplored origins of secret intelligence cooperation between Turkey and West, but also contributes to wider academic debates on the nature of the Cold War by highlighting the potential agency of weaker states in the Western Alliance