Tunnels and Underground Cities. Engineering and Innovation Meet Archaeology, Architecture and Art : Proceedings of the WTC 2019 ITA-AITES World Tunnel Congress (WTC 2019), May 3-9, 2019, Naples, Italy

Tunnels and Underground Cities: Engineering and Innovation meet Archaeology, Architecture and Art contains the contributions presented at the World Tunnel Congress 2019 (Naples, Italy, 3-9 May 2019). The use of underground space is continuing to grow, due to global urbanization, public demand for efficient transportation, and energy saving, production and distribution. The growing need for space at ground level, along with its continuous value increase and the challenges of energy saving and achieving sustainable development objectives, demand greater and better use of the underground space to ensure that it supports sustainable, resilient and more liveable cities. This vision was the source of inspiration for the design of the logos of both the International (ITA) and Italian (SIG) Tunnelling Association. By placing key infrastructures underground – the black circle in the logos – it will be possible to preserve and enhance the quality of the space at ground level – the green line. In order to consider and value underground space usage together with human and social needs, engineers, architects, and artists will have to learn to collaborate and develop an interdisciplinary design approach that addresses functionality, safety, aesthetics and quality of life, and adaptability to future and varied functions. The 700 contributions cover a wide range of topics, from more traditional subjects connected to technical challenges of design and construction of underground works, with emphasis on innovation in tunneling engineering, to less conventional and archetypically Italian themes such as archaeology, architecture, and art. The book has the following main themes: Archaeology, Architecture and Art in underground construction; Environment sustainability in underground construction; Geological and geotechnical knowledge and requirements for project implementation; Ground improvement in underground constructions; Innovation in underground engineering, materials and equipment; Long and deep tunnels; Public communication and awareness; Risk management, contracts and financial aspects; Safety in underground construction; Strategic use of underground space for resilient cities; Urban tunnels. Tunnels and Underground Cities: Engineering and Innovation meet Archaeology, Architecture and Art is a valuable reference text for tunneling specialists, owners, engineers, architects and others involved in underground planning, design and building around the world, and for academics who are interested in underground constructions and geotechnics. Cover......Page 1 Half Title......Page 2 Series Page......Page 3 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Table of Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 46 Acknowledgements......Page 48 WTC 2019 Congress Organization......Page 50 Archeology, Architecture and Art in underground construction......Page 54 Reflecting the art, culture and history into the interior design of underground metro stations,case study: Dnipro metro extension line......Page 56 The Art Stations......Page 65 The outlets of the Albano and Fucine Lakes and their influence from Roman times up to thebirth of modern tunnel engineering......Page 75 Urban tunnelling under archaeological findings in Naples (Italy) with ground freezing andgrouting techniques......Page 85 Integration of archaeology in architectural design of Milan Metro connection M2–M4 inSt. Ambrogio Station......Page 95 Tunnel warfare in World War I: The underground battlefield tunnels of Vimy Ridge, France......Page 105 Archaeology in underground construction: The experience acquired during construction ofItalian high-speed railway lines......Page 115 The architecture of underground dwellings in Iran......Page 125 Spiritual life and life after death in the undergrounds of ancient Iran......Page 133 The Albinian way of design at the Milan Metro......Page 143 Mobilizing cultural resources: The functional role of heritage in metro projects......Page 151 The archeological evidences of the De Amicis Station in the Milan Metro line 4, Italy......Page 161 Archaeology and tunnelling interaction in the railway project of Catania underpassin Sicily, Italy......Page 171 A workflow process for tunnels maintenance. The case of the Construction Methoddeveloped for Rhaetian Railways (UNESCO World Heritage Site)......Page 180 The First World War military tunnels of the Italian-Austrian front......Page 190 Metro Thessaloniki – intersecting microtunnels to support archeological findings atSintrivani station......Page 200 Rome and its stratification......Page 210 Line C in Rome: San Giovanni, the first archaeological station......Page 220 The archaeological findings are changing Amba-Aradam station design in Rome MetroLine C......Page 231 Underground car park in the ancient “Morelli” cavern in Naples......Page 241 Moncenisio, from Myth to history TELT – Tunnel Euralpin Lyon Turin and the collectionof historic engravings on the Frejus tunnel......Page 252 Interdisciplinary research in geotechnical engineering and geoarchaeology – a Londoncase study......Page 262 Environment sustainability in underground construction......Page 272 Environmental sustainability in the construction of the Isarco river underpass for theBrenner Base Tunnel......Page 274 Feasibility study for the thermal activation of Turin Metro Line 2......Page 284 Testing of an Enertun segment prototype in Turin metro line 1......Page 294 Online identification of the excavation materials on the Saint Martin La Porte site......Page 304 Construction of portals in difficult conditions in the Andes, Peru......Page 313 Tunnel design approach during Saudi Landbridge Railway Project......Page 320 Introduction of biopolymer-based materials for ground hydraulic conductivity control......Page 330 Management and use of materials excavated during underground works......Page 337 Tunneling projects: A focus on renaturalization......Page 347 Management of the muck produced by EPB TBM tunnel excavation: Environmentalaspects and consistency control for efficient handling......Page 357 Tunnel entrances integrated into a landscape: The example of the Gronda motorway bypass......Page 364 Transporting asbestos: Disposing of excavation waste in an urban context......Page 374 Passing through the valleys at Voltri: The technical challenges posed by asbestosand by the safeguard of the local territory......Page 385 Tunnel excavation material – waste or valuable mineral resource? – European researchresults on resource efficient tunnelling......Page 395 City Rail Link, New Zealand – reduction of land acquisition time and risk on the CityRail Link Project......Page 403 Site-specific protocols for evaluating environmental compatibility of spoil materialsproduced by EPB-TBMs......Page 413 Monitoring of surface water resources and buildings due to tunneling, Uma Oya Project,Sri Lanka......Page 420 Hydrogeological investigation and environmental impact assessment during a large waterinflow tunnel construction in Taiwan......Page 429 Use and management of sulphated excavation material from the Montcenis Base Tunnel......Page 439 Blasting method to reduce the adverse effect on the living environment around tunnelportals using electronic detonators......Page 449 Environmental reclamation for the Gotthard Base Tunnel effects of spoil managementon landscape......Page 458 Habitats and protected species compensations for Alpine underground works: A pilotexperience between France and Italy......Page 468 Water monitoring for Alpine underground works: Differences and similarities betweenFrance and Italy......Page 477 The role of Cairo metro in saving the social costs of air pollution......Page 488 Compliant reuse of Terzo Valico excavation material: Design and operations......Page 498 Management of tunneling machines excavation material......Page 508 Stockholm bypass: Environmental sustainability in the excavation of the Lovön rock tunnels......Page 517 Utilization of microtunnelling technology for construction of the new gas pipeline betweenAzerbaijan and Europe......Page 529 Changes in tunnelling in the Big Data Era – The new Milan-Genoa high speed/high capacity......Page 540 Autarkic aggregate supply with recycled tunnel spoil at the Brenner Base Tunnel......Page 548 Environmental risk assessment of conditioned soil: Some Italian case studies......Page 558 Low energy nobilitation of clay waste from tunnelling......Page 568 Large civil works jobsites in densely populated urban areas......Page 576 Monitoring the water resources in the large railway projects: The Fortezza – Ponte Gardenacase study, Southern Brenner Base Tunnel access......Page 585 Muck management in infrastructure projects......Page 595 Influence of bacteria inoculum and organic concentration on the biodegradation of soilconditioning agents in aqueous solutions......Page 604 Tunnel dust control project......Page 610 Geological and geotechnical knowledge and requirements for project implementation......Page 618 Analysis of the vibrations induced by a TBM to refine soil profile during tunneling:The Catania case history......Page 620 The impact of saturation on the mechanical response of low porosity rocks and implicationsfor tunnelling......Page 630 Geological and geotechnical key-factors for tunnel design of the new Naples-BariHigh-Speed railway line in Southern Italy......Page 640 In-situ stress measurements in TBM tunnels prone to rockbursts......Page 650 Optimizing the excavation geometry using digital mapping......Page 660 Return of experience following the excavation of “La Maddalena ReconnaissanceGallery” – TBM performance prediction in the Ambin Massif......Page 669 The use of real time monitoring systems to reduce execution risks during tunnel excavationin complex situations: The case of Stalvedro tunnel, Switzerland......Page 679 The role of direct investigations ahead of the tunnel face in the construction cycle of aconventional and mechanized tunnel......Page 689 Geotechnical characterization of an artificially frozen soil with an advanced triaxialapparatus......Page 699 Geotechnical data standardization and management to support BIM for undergroundinfrastructures and tunnels......Page 708 Use of TBM parameters for assessing rock mass conditions during excavation: A feedbackfrom the Tunnel 4, Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project (Philippines)......Page 718 Numerical method for stability analysis of rock block of tunnel with multiplegeological planes......Page 725 Case study of tunnel ground reaction modeling in horizontally bedded rock using continuumand fracture network models......Page 735 Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard Analysis (PFDHA) of a Bhairabi tunnel inNorth East India......Page 745 Drone based deformation monitoring at the Zentrum am Berg tunnel project, AustriaResults and Findings 2017–2019......Page 754 Necessary geological and geotechnical information for a metro project in an historical andurbanised city area. The case of “Metro Bucharest, Line 4 Extension”......Page 764 Ante-operam v/s as-built data ARAT for a 15.965 m TBM-EPB, A1 Highway, Italy......Page 774 Mixed transitional ground impact on a TBM. The OCIT Experience in Akron, Ohio, USA......Page 782 Geological and geotechnical main design aspects of two tunnels on Fortezza-Verona HighSpeed Line in Northern Italy......Page 792 Torino Metro Line 1 extension: Working solutions......Page 802 2D and 3D geological-geomechanical GIS model for underground projects: Collection,storage and analysis of geological and geomechanical data during the design andconstruction phases......Page 810 Contribution of continuous geophysical measurements to the success of tunnelling......Page 818 Study on judgment of tunnel face failure in soft surrounding rock and failure controlmeasures......Page 828 BIM-FEM interoperability for the modelling of a traditional excavated tunnel......Page 838 Double-shield TBM performance analysis in clay formation: A case study in Iran......Page 848 The coseismic faulting of the San Benedetto tunnel (2016, Mw 6.6 central Italy earthquake)......Page 858 Geotechnical monitoring: Application in a case history of Azienda Nazionale Autonomadelle Strade (the National Roads Authority)......Page 865 Geotechnical monitoring: The control of infrastructure projects......Page 871 Characterization of underground rock masses employing structure from motion:Application to a real case......Page 879 Design and construction of TBM tunnel lining crossing active fault in ThessalonikiMetro Project, Greece......Page 889 3D geological modelling for the design of complex underground works......Page 899 Risk maps for cutter tool wear assessment and intervention planning......Page 909 Geotechnical challenges in design and construction of tunnels for Mumbai metro line – 3......Page 917 Grand Paris: The exceptional line 16 Lot 1......Page 927 Countermeasures against the deformation of the pilot tunnel of the Seikan Tunnel, Japan......Page 935 A numerical study on effect of wall penetration on basal heave stability during vertical shaftexcavation in soft ground......Page 945 Numerical study of portal displacement and stress-strain distribution mechanismat a tunnel portal......Page 952 Forensic study on tunnel collapse in deep and fractured rock......Page 962 Comparative analysis of seismic refraction profiles with Drilled Borehole Data – DelhiMetro Rail Corporation – Phase-IV Corridor......Page 971 Consideration of heaving and deformation behavior of mountain tunnel in service......Page 980 Loading magnitude for rock tunnel during earthquake estimated by dynamic measurementat an actual tunnel......Page 987 Ensuring safety during construction of double-track subway tunnelsin quaternary deposits......Page 994 Response of tunnel surrounding rocks in heavily deformed ground: Case study of DongaoTunnel, Taiwan......Page 1005 A 3D numerical model for the evaluation of the tunneling water inflow:The Fortezza – Ponte Gardena case study......Page 1015 Requirements for geo-locating transnational infrastructure BIM models......Page 1025 Analysis of critical condition during the advancement into the “Argille a Palombini”formation......Page 1035 Excavation of swelling rock by measuring the displacement under roadbed......Page 1045 Rockburst evaluation in complex geological environment in deep hydropower tunnels......Page 1055 Adapting tunnel construction to hydrogeological conditions in a karst region......Page 1063 Excessive deformations induced by twin EPBM excavations in soft and shallowgrounds: The case of Otogar-Kirazli metro, Istanbul......Page 1073 The geological portal of the Turin-Lyon project......Page 1082 Design and construction of hydraulic tunnels at Gibe III dam, Ethiopia......Page 1092 Salamonde II undergound hydroelectric complex in the North of Portugal. Design andconstruction......Page 1102 Turning water into energy: A geological and geotechnical overview of the Venda Nova IIIhydropower project construction phase......Page 1112 A Rosette stone between geotechnical engineer and project managerfor TBM tunneling......Page 1122 Application of deflection curves, trend lines and displacement vector orientationin the evaluation of surface displacements in tunneling......Page 1129 Geo-mechanical behaviour and monitoring system in the Ceneri Base Tunnel......Page 1139 Drained and undrained seismic response of underground structures......Page 1149 How to strengthen a geotechnical campaign for tunnel’s secondary lining. Implementationand results......Page 1159 Seismic prediction of the rock quality at the Brenner Base Tunnel......Page 1170 Geological investigation for urban tunnel portal in made ground......Page 1179 Importance of physical-mechanical properties of rocks for application of a raise boringmachine......Page 1189 Practical solutions to geotechnical problems related to Ituango hydropower tunnels,Colombia......Page 1197 Geotechnical investigations governing shaft excavations for metro projects – an approachfor secant pile termination depths......Page 1206 Angat water transmission and improvement project for Metro Manila – Philippines:Hydraulic tunnel design under severe seismic conditions......Page 1216 Correlation between TBM performance and RMR......Page 1226 Efficient communication of geologically related data and 3D models in tunneling projects......Page 1235 A finite element analysis of tunnel response to permafrost thaw......Page 1243 Acoustic emissions from flat-jack test for rock-burst prediction......Page 1252 An attempt to derive a method to estimate velocity during exploration aheadof the tunnel face......Page 1261 A probabilistic approach to assess the risk of liner instability when tunnelling through karstgeology using geotechnical baseline reports......Page 1268 A new face vulnerability index for mechanized tunneling in subsoil......Page 1278 Settlements of immersed tunnel on soft ground: A case study......Page 1287 Design of shaking table tests on atrium-style subway station models under seismicexcitations......Page 1295 Ground improvement in underground constructions......Page 1306 Permeation grouting and consolidation works to solve flooding problemsin an old tunnel......Page 1308 Dam rehabilitation for safety operation......Page 1320 Horizontal directional drilling technique applications in ground improvement fromlow pressure injections to jet grouting......Page 1329 Glassfiber reinforced polymer consolidation for enlargement of a railway underpassin Brandizzo, Italy......Page 1337 A novel low enthalpy geothermal energy system based on ground freezing probes......Page 1347 Field experiment on freezing rate of marine clay by artificial ground freezing method......Page 1357 Ground freezing and excavation of the Museum Island metro station under a river in centralBerlin – challenges and experiences......Page 1367 Influence of the fibreglass reinforcement stiffness on the mechanical response of deep tunnelfronts in cohesive soils under undrained conditions......Page 1376 Analysis of jet-grouting-consolidation in wide and deep shafts in alluvial soil......Page 1385 Jet grouting application for soft soil tunnels in Norwegian clay......Page 1395 Tribunale Station of Naples Metro line 1. Design issues due to site subsoil conditions......Page 1404 Brenner base tunnel & Isarco River underpass section: Several technical and operationalsolutions......Page 1411 The St. Antonino tunnel reconstruction after the great collapse that had occurredon December 2007......Page 1422 Rock grouting and ground freezing for tunnelling at Duomo subway station in Naples......Page 1432 Monitoring artificial ground freezing and relevant fundamental observations......Page 1442 Ground improvement with accelerated micro-cement grout, Thessaloniki Metro, Greece......Page 1452 Thermal phenomena model for artificial ground freezing during a tunnel excavationfor the Municipio Metro station in Naples, Italy......Page 1462 Design of an underground station within the Greater Paris metro line by conventionaltunneling: Solutions and calculation methods......Page 1472 Ground improvement carried out via an existing railway tunnel forthe construction of a new underlying tunnel......Page 1481 Optimization of the tunnel face bolt reinforcement......Page 1491 Consolidation using chemical grouting with mono and bicomponent resinsto unlock a TBM in fault zone......Page 1501 The technical management of the permeation grouting works in the execution of the newMilan Metro Line 4......Page 1512 Design and construction of composite cut-off system at Grand Ethiopian RenaissanceDam, Ethiopia......Page 1522 Design of artificial ground freezing for an access tunnel of a railway station in Switzerland......Page 1532 Discussion of selection of ground improvement parameters from back analysis of monitoredexcavation in Singapore......Page 1542 Water loss solutions in construction of pressure shafts for Uma Oya Project, Sri Lanka......Page 1552 Constructing ground struts by means of ground improvement underneath existingbox elements in large-scale renovation of a subway station under operation constructed bythe Caisson method......Page 1562 Rational design of jet grouted bottom plugs: The example of Tribunale station of NaplesMetro Line 1......Page 1571 Centrifuge model tests on shallow overburden tunnels with pre-ground improvementto clarify seismic behavior......Page 1581 Excavation of a large diameter tunnel in sliding Carpathian flysch......Page 1591 Design of ground freezing for cross passages and tunnel adits......Page 1602 Factor of safety in ground freezing design......Page 1612 Stockholm bypass project – passage under the Lake Mälaren......Page 1622 Deep intervention shaft excavation in Kuala Lumpur limestone formationwith pre-tunnelling construction method......Page 1632 Expansion of existing TBM tunnel by ground freezing method......Page 1642 3D Numerical modeling of artificial ground freezing in mining engineering......Page 1652 Mechanical behavior of shallow embedded and large cross-section tunnel supportingusing Freeze-Sealing Pipe-Roof method......Page 1660 Frost heave control during excavation of Gongbei tunnel with freeze-sealing pipe roof aspre-support......Page 1670 Innovation in underground engineering, materials and equipment......Page 1680 Artificial intelligence technique for geomechanical forecasting......Page 1682 TBM drive along curved alignments: Model based prognosis of shield movement......Page 1690 Soil conditioning adaptation to the heterogeneous volcanic geologyof Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy......Page 1700 Particularities of tunnel primary support modelling in BIM environment......Page 1710 Design and construction of cast in-situ steel fibre reinforced concrete headracetunnels for the Neelum Jhelum Hydroelectric project......Page 1720 Analysis of two-component clay sand backfill injection in Japan......Page 1731 Durability of precast concrete tunnel segments......Page 1741 Relieved specific energy estimation using FLCM and PLCM linear rock cutting machinesand comparison with rock properties......Page 1751 Performance based design for tunnels......Page 1758 Novel semiprobabilistic tunnel lining design approach with improved concrete mixture......Page 1767 Formwork for road tunnel in Indian Kashmir......Page 1776 Foam soil interaction and the influence on the stability of the tunnel face in saturated sand......Page 1782 Precast tunnel segments with glass fiber reinforced polymer composite cageand sulphoaluminate cement......Page 1790 Fiber reinforced concrete segmental lining for Catania Metro Tunnel......Page 1800 Gronda di Genova slurryduct for transport of excavated material......Page 1807 The relevance of gaskets for the segmental design......Page 1818 Moving material with belt conveyors in urban environment and for long tunnel constructionin Italy: Metro Catania, Scilla’s shaft, A1 highway and Brenner Base Tunnel......Page 1827 Precision drilling for D&B and bolt installation: Analysis of relevant case histories......Page 1839 The longest Robodrilled tunnel in the world......Page 1851 Motivations to swap from trench cutter to hydraulic grab: Case histories from Florence,Rome and Milan......Page 1861 EPDM gaskets; new materials and procedures for segments and other application intunneling......Page 1875 New results from laboratory research to reduce the clogging potential for EPB-Shields......Page 1885 Energy absorption tests on fibre-reinforced-shotcrete round and square panels......Page 1895 Rapid automatic inspection system for tunnel lining based on a mobile vehicle......Page 1905 Construction TBM tunnel – Operating data real time – Red Line Metro Tel Aviv......Page 1913 Tilt sliding test to assess the behaviour of conditioned soil with large amount of cobbles......Page 1922 Influence of set accelerating admixtures on the compressive strength of sprayed concrete......Page 1932 Steel fibre reinforced concrete for segmental lining – crack mitigation measuresat design phase......Page 1942 Variable support method: An innovative approach for deep excavations in the Middle East......Page 1951 Advanced 4-channel scan system for tunnel inspection......Page 1959 Fiber-reinforced concrete segments: Comparison of simplified analyses and FE simulationsfor the 3RPORT CSO Project, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States......Page 1970 A simple approach to characterise tunnel bore conditions using pipejacking data......Page 1980 Conditioning the clog: Advancing EPB technology through mixedtransitional ground......Page 1990 Maintenance costs for cutting tools in soft ground gainedby process simulation......Page 1998 Possibility of using vane shear testing device for optimizing soil conditioning......Page 2007 The load-bearing capacity of primary linings, considering time dependentparameters, at the Brenner Base Tunnel......Page 2017 Two-component backfilling grout for double shield TBM – The experienceat Follo Line Project......Page 2027 Main advantages and operational aspects of two-components backfilling groutin mechanized tunnelling with hard-rock TBM: Example of the Saint-Martin-La-PorteTBM job-site at Lyon-Turin......Page 2035 Mucking with EPB machines in urban areas – considerations about the soil conditioning.Example of Line 14 project, lot T2 in Paris......Page 2043 The 3D-BIM-FEM modeling of the Mairie des Lilas Paris metro stationline 11 – from design to execution......Page 2051 EPB excavation of cohesive mixed soils: Combined methodology for clogging and flowassessment......Page 2061 Hybrid solution with fiber reinforced concrete and glass fiber reinforced polymer rebarsfor precast tunnel segments......Page 2071 Twenty years of FRC tunnel final lining: Lessons learnt, design proposal and newdevelopment......Page 2079 Fibre reinforced spray concrete performance criteria: Comparison between EN14651and EFNARC three-point bending test on square panel with notch......Page 2088 Digital engineering on the Sydney Metro......Page 2096 Forrestfield Airport Link project – Variable density TBMs to deal with unexpected groundconditions......Page 2104 Durability design for large sewer and drainage tunnels......Page 2114 Refitting strategies for Italian historical railway tunnels......Page 2124 BIM – Model-based project management for optimizing project development. Insights intothe practical application at the “Albvorland Tunnel” project......Page 2134 Tunnel damage management system: An application for Italian railway tunnels......Page 2143 Tunnels widening and renewal using precast lining: The Swiss Rhaetian railway constructionmethod applied to tunnel Mistail......Page 2153 Experimental investigation of the flow behaviour of conditioned soils for EPB tunnelling inclosed mode......Page 2162 The role of mechanized shaft sinking in international tunnelling projects......Page 2172 Risk-based tunnel design utilizing probabilistic two-dimensional finite element analyses......Page 2182 Soil conditioning for EPB tunnelling: Relevant foam properties and characterisation......Page 2192 Geotechnical impact on fiber reinforced segmental liner experiencing large deformation......Page 2202 Excavating through hard rock formations with TBM: Technical challenges of the Follo LineProject......Page 2209 Fiber reinforced concrete segmental lining: Evolution and technical viability assessment......Page 2219 Sprayed concrete composite tunnel lining design: Analytical study on its behaviour at thebond interface......Page 2229 Development of a non-radioactive density meter in tunneling......Page 2239 Artificial intelligence support for tunnel design in urban areas......Page 2249 Key technologies of double shield TBM for urban metro tunnelwith small radius curve......Page 2259 The subgrade reaction modulus method in tunneling......Page 2269 Permanent sprayed concrete tunnel linings waterproofed with bonded membranes. A reviewof the current state-of-the-art for hard rock conditions......Page 2279 A fast detection method for tunnel surface defects based on video processing......Page 2289 Research on applicability of limit state method in lining design of railway tunnel......Page 2299 A complex variable solution for the excavation of a shallow circular hole in gravitationalelastic ground......Page 2305 Polymer Rubber Gel technology high performance waterproofing for shotcrete and blindsideapplications......Page 2315 New monitoring technology to notify the displacement situation of the tunnel face......Page 2325 Smart Office; application of a unified analytics center in tunneling construction......Page 2332 Key technologies and engineering application of horseshoe-shaped TBM......Page 2341 Seal performance test of shield tail under high water pressure......Page 2351 Rescuing and rebuilding TBMs in adverse ground conditions......Page 2361 The effect of testing age on the performance of fibre reinforced concrete......Page 2371 Study of the image photographing of the tunnel lining as an alternative method to proximityvisual inspection......Page 2378 Conventional tunneling method using ICT......Page 2388 Study on applicability of self-compacting concrete with low cement content to tunnel lining......Page 2398 Soil abrasion and penetration test for the evaluation of soft ground TBMs’ excavationperformance and cutter life......Page 2408 Development of a ground monitoring sensor system for tunnel maintenance usinggeophysical techniques......Page 2419 Enlargement of in-service evacuation tunnel and automated lining placement......Page 2426 Effective water leakage detection by using an innovative optic fiber sensing for aged concretelining of urban metro lines in Tokyo......Page 2436 Development and field validation of the Smart Batcher Plant system used for control ofas-mixed temperature of concrete......Page 2446 Extraction geothermal energy from the rock mass surrounding tunnels and its exploitation.Feasibility study in a sector of the Brenner Base Tunnel......Page 2455 Finding the right way underground – The importance of solid control points network......Page 2466 Implementation of new methods for inspection of tunnels......Page 2476 Numerical modelling for design of composite concrete lining with sprayed waterproofingmembrane in tunnel......Page 2485 Effect of machine factors of tunnel boring machines on penetration rates in rocks......Page 2490 Prediction of EPB shield TBM performance using a lab scale excavation test with differentsoil conditions......Page 2499 A study on the efficient crack detection algorithms for tunnel lining based on deep learningapproach......Page 2508 New design method for energy slabs in underground space using artificial neural network......Page 2516 The research on longitudinal deformation features of shield tunnel when considering thevariation of grout viscosity: A case study......Page 2526 Safety approach for tunnel lining calculations in 3D-continuum models......Page 2535 Plug-in crosscut element – How standardized pre-manufactured crosscut wall systemsimprove overall tunneling effectiveness......Page 2545 Soil conditioning for EPB shield tunneling with the auxiliary air pressure balance mode......Page 2554 Catania metro tunnel: Advancement and wear predictive models suitability in EPBexcavation through variable mixed-face conditions......Page 2562 Explosive spalling in reinforced concrete tunnels exposed to fire: Experimental assessmentand numerical modelling......Page 2572 Alternative umbrella arches: The use of composite pile roofs......Page 2580 Long-term durability analysis and lifetime prediction of PVC waterproofing membranes......Page 2589 An innovative approach in tunnel planning and construction through 30 years of experience......Page 2599 The design approach of cut & cover excavation in hyperbaric condition appliedfor Napoli/Cancello high speed railway......Page 2610 Innovative TBM transport logistics in the constructive lot H33 – Brenner Base Tunnel......Page 2623 Experiences from tunnel boring when hard-to-very hard rock with focus in performancepredictions and cutter life assessments......Page 2632 A study of the analysis method of the cause of tunnel lining deformation using “TCI”......Page 2642 The present situation of countermeasure of heaving in the expressway of Japan......Page 2649 Back analysis of ground settlements induced by TBM excavationfor the north extension of Paris metro, line 12......Page 2659 Addressing the radial joints behaviour of Steel Fibre ReinforcedConcrete (SFRC) segments under concentrated loads......Page 2669 Fiber glass a Tunnels And Underground Cities: Engineering And Innovation Meet Archaeology, Architecture And Artcontains The Contributions Presented At The World Tunnel Congress 2019 (naples, Italy, 3-9 May 2019). The Use Of Underground Space Is Continuing To Grow, Due To Global Urbanization, Public Demand For Efficient Transportation, And Energy Saving, Production And Distribution. The Growing Need For Space At Ground Level, Along With Its Continuous Value Increase And The Challenges Of Energy Saving And Achieving Sustainable Development Objectives, Demand Greater And Better Use Of The Underground Space To Ensure That It Supports Sustainable, Resilient And More Liveable Cities. This Vision Was The Source Of Inspiration For The Design Of The Logos Of Both The International (ita) And Italian (sig) Tunnelling Association. By Placing Key Infrastructures Underground - The Black Circle In The Logos - It Will Be Possible To Preserve And Enhance The Quality Of The Space At Ground Level - The Green Line. In Order To Consider And Value Underground Space Usage Together With Human And Social Needs, Engineers, Architects, And Artists Will Have To Learn To Collaborate And Develop An Interdisciplinary Design Approach That Addresses Functionality, Safety, Aesthetics And Quality Of Life, And Adaptability To Future And Varied Functions. The 700 Contributions Cover A Wide Range Of Topics, From More Traditional Subjects Connected To Technical Challenges Of Design And Construction Of Underground Works, With Emphasis On Innovation In Tunneling Engineering, To Less Conventional And Archetypically Italian Themes Such As Archaeology, Architecture, And Art. The Book Has The Following Main Themes: Archaeology, Architecture And Art In Underground Construction; Environment Sustainability In Underground Construction; Geological And Geotechnical Knowledge And Requirements For Project Implementation; Ground Improvement In Underground Constructions; Innovation In Underground Engineering, Materials And Equipment; Long And Deep Tunnels; Public Communication And Awareness; Risk Management, Contracts And Financial Aspects; Safety In Underground Construction; Strategic Use Of Underground Space For Resilient Cities; Urban Tunnels. Tunnels And Underground Cities: Engineering And Innovation Meet Archaeology, Architecture And Artis A Valuable Reference Text For Tunneling Specialists, Owners, Engineers, Architects And Others Involved In Underground Planning, Design And Building Around The World, And For Academics Who Are Interested In Underground Constructions And Geotechnics. E Green Line. In Order To Consider And Value Underground Space Usage Together With Human And Social Needs, Engineers, Architects, And Artists Will Have To Learn To Collaborate And Develop An Interdisciplinary Design Approach That Addresses Functionality, Safety, Aesthetics And Quality Of Life, And Adaptability To Future And Varied Functions. The 700 Contributions Cover A Wide Range Of Topics, From More Traditional Subjects Connected To Technical Challenges Of Design And Construction Of Underground Works, With Emphasis On Innovation In Tunneling Engineering, To Less Conventional And Archetypically Italian Themes Such As Archaeology, Architecture, And Art. The Book Has The Following Main Themes: Archaeology, Architecture And Art In Underground Construction; Environment Sustainability In Underground Construction; Geological And Geotechnical Knowledge And Requirements For Project Implementation; Ground Improvement In Underground Constructions; Innovation In Underground Engineering, Materials And Equipment; Long And Deep Tunnels; Public Communication And Awareness; Risk Management, Contracts And Financial Aspects; Safety In Underground Construction; Strategic Use Of Underground Space For Resilient Cities; Urban Tunnels. Tunnels And Underground Cities: Engineering And Innovation Meet Archaeology, Architecture And Artis A Valuable Reference Text For Tunneling Specialists, Owners, Engineers, Architects And Others Involved In Underground Planning, Design And Building Around The World, And For Academics Who Are Interested In Underground Constructions And Geotechnics. And Equipment; Long And Deep Tunnels; Public Communication And Awareness; Risk Management, Contracts And Financial Aspects; Safety In Underground Construction; Strategic Use Of Underground Space For Resilient Cities; Urban Tunnels. Tunnels And Underground Cities: Engineering And Innovation Meet Archaeology, Architecture And Artis A Valuable Reference Text For Tunneling Specialists, Owners, Engineers, Architects And Others Involved In Underground Planning, Design And Building Around The World, And For Academics Who Are Interested In Underground Constructions And Geotechnics.