Tumors of the Sacrum : Diagnosis and Treatment of Benign and Malignant Tumors

This book provides an up-to-date overview on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and imaging characteristics of sacral tumors, discusses the available treatment options, and reports the published outcomes. The diagnostic roles of conventional radiology, CT, and MRI are thoroughly described and imaging appearances are compared with the histologic features. The coverage of therapeutic approaches includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, radiosurgery, and surgery (partial or total sacrectomy and spinopelvic reconstruction). Special attention is paid to the specific anatomic constraints that make tumors in this region of the spine more difficult to manage effectively than those in the extremities and the mobile portions of the spine. All components of the sacrum can give rise to benign or malignant tumors, which pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Although these tumors are often diagnosed at an advanced stage, good clinical outcomes may be achieved if an aggressive multidisciplinary approach is used. This book will be of value for a range of practitioners; it will assist in prompt diagnosis and help to overcome lack of familiarity with the required treatment strategies. Front Matter....Pages i-xii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Epidemiology of Bone Lesions of the Sacrum....Pages 3-7 Overview on Bone Sacral Tumors....Pages 9-19 Clinical and Neurological Manifestations of Sacral Tumors....Pages 21-23 Imaging of Sacral Tumors and Tumor Simulators: Experience of the Mayo Clinic....Pages 25-64 Imaging of Sacral Tumors: Experience of the Rizzoli Institute....Pages 65-81 Biopsy and Staging of Sacral Tumors....Pages 83-91 Histopathology of Sacral Tumors and Pseudotumors....Pages 93-120 Front Matter....Pages 121-121 Giant Cell Tumor of the Sacrum....Pages 123-135 Osteoblastoma of the Sacrum....Pages 137-145 Osteoid Osteoma of the Sacrum....Pages 147-151 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Sacrum....Pages 153-161 Schwannoma of the Sacrum....Pages 163-170 Benign Cartilaginous Tumors of the Sacrum....Pages 171-177 Front Matter....Pages 179-179 Metastases of the Sacrum....Pages 181-194 Chordoma of the Sacrum....Pages 195-212 Osteosarcoma of the Sacrum....Pages 213-220 Ewing’s Sarcoma of the Sacrum....Pages 221-226 Lymphoma and Myeloma of the Sacrum....Pages 227-235 Chondrosarcoma of the Sacrum....Pages 237-244 Front Matter....Pages 245-245 Anatomy and Surgical Approaches to the Sacrum....Pages 247-254 Front Matter....Pages 245-245 Tumors of the Sacrum: Diagnosis, Management, and Surgical Techniques....Pages 255-274 Computer Navigation in the Sacrum....Pages 275-320 Sacral Biomechanics and Reconstruction....Pages 321-332 Soft Tissue Reconstruction Following Sacrectomy....Pages 333-339 Embolization for Sacral Tumors....Pages 341-351 Palliative Treatments for the Sacrum....Pages 353-363 Radiation Therapy for Primary Malignant Sacral Tumors....Pages 365-371 Tumors of the Sacrum: The Role of Chemotherapy....Pages 373-382