Tumor Microenvironment: The Role of Chemokines – Part B (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology)

Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the role of chemokines in the tumor microenvironment. Each chapter focuses on the chemokines patterns of expression, their regulation, and their roles in immune cell recruitment, as well as how they affect cancer immunity and tumorigenesis.Taken alongside its companion volumes, Tumor Microenvironment: The Role of Chemokines – Part B updates us on what we know about various aspects of the tumor microenvironment, as well as apprises us on future directions in the field. This book is essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as scientists seeking an update on recent developments and research in the tumor microenvironment. Preface Contents 1: CCL2 in the Tumor Microenvironment 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 CCL2 1.1.2 CCR2 1.2 CCL2 in the Tumor Microenvironment 1.2.1 Recruitment of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) 1.2.2 Mechanisms of CCL2 Production by Tumor Cells 1.2.3 Pro-tumorigenic Effects of TAMs 1.2.4 TAM-Independent Pro-tumorigenic Effects of CCL2 1.3 The Role of CCL2 in Cancer Metastasis 1.3.1 CCL2-Mediated Mechanisms in Metastasis 1.3.2 CCL2 in Tumor Cell Extravasation 1.3.3 Prostate Cancer 1.3.4 Breast Cancer 1.4 CCL2 as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer Immunotherapy References 2: CXCL3 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Cells and Chemokines in the Tumor Microenvironment 2.3 CXCL3 Signaling and Involvement in Cancer 2.4 Future Trends in Tumor Research References 3: CXCL8 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Tumor Microenvironment 3.2.1 Composition of Tumor Microenvironment 3.2.2 Recruitment of Fibroblasts to the Tumor Microenvironment 3.2.3 Recruitment of Vascular Cells to the Tumor Microenvironment 3.2.4 Recruitment of Immune Cells to the Tumor Microenvironment 3.3 Role of CXCL8 in Cancer 3.3.1 Intracellular Signaling Pathways of CXCL8 3.3.1.1 Activation of PI3K Cascade 3.3.1.2 Activation of MAPK Cascade 3.3.1.3 Activation of Rho GTPase Pathway and Non-receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway 3.3.1.4 Activation of Phospholipase C Pathway 3.3.1.5 Activation of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition 3.3.1.6 Activation of Angiogenesis 3.4 Conclusion References 4: CXCL11 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment 4.1 Introduction 4.2 CXCL11 and Its Receptors 4.3 CXCL11 and Its Diverse Functions 4.3.1 Inhibit Angiogenesis 4.3.2 Proliferation, Self-Renewal, and Tumorigenicity 4.3.3 Fibroblast Migration 4.3.4 Cell Adhesion 4.3.5 Polarization of Immune Cells 4.3.6 Migration of Immune Cells 4.4 Anti-neoplastic Therapeutic Application of CXCL11 4.5 Conclusion References 5: CXCL12 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The CXCR4-CXCL12-CXCR7 Axis 5.2.1 CXCL12 5.2.2 CXCL12 Signaling 5.3 The CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 Axis in Cancer 5.4 CXCL12 as Prognostic Factor in Cancer 5.5 The CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 Axis in the Tumor Microenvironment 5.6 Targeting the CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 Axis in Combination Therapy 5.7 Future Trends or Directions References 6: CXCL13 Signaling in the Tumor ­Microenvironment 6.1 Background 6.2 CXCL13 and CXCR5: Genes, Proteins, and Regulation 6.3 Biological Functions of CXCL13-CXCR5 Axis 6.4 Tumor Microenvironment and CXCL13-CXCR5 Signaling Axis 6.5 CXCL13-CXCR5 Axis in Hematological Malignancies 6.6 CXCL13-CXCR5 Axis in Solid Tumors 6.6.1 CXCL13-CXCR5 Axis in Lung Cancer 6.6.2 CXCL13-CXCR5 Axis in Breast Cancer 6.6.3 CXCL13-CXCR5 Axis in Prostate Cancer 6.6.4 CXCL13-CXCR5 Axis in Gastrointestinal Cancers 6.6.5 CXCL13-CXCR5 Axis in Other Solid Tumor Malignancies 6.7 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions References 7: CCL24 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Chemokines 7.3 Tumor Microenvironment and Chemokines 7.4 CCL24 in Nonneoplastic Lesions 7.5 Expression of CCL24 in Cancer 7.6 CCL24 as a Biomarker 7.7 Functions of CCL24 in Cancer 7.7.1 Immune Functions 7.7.2 Angiogenesis 7.7.3 Metastasis of Cancer Cells 7.7.4 Chemokines for Eosinophils 7.8 Limitations and Future Considerations References 8: CCL25 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Significance of Tumor Microenvironment 8.3 The Shaping of TME: The Nonmalignant Component 8.4 Chemokine-Guided TME Infiltration 8.5 Role of CCR9-CCL25 Axis in Sculpting TME 8.6 Involvement of CCR9-CCL25 Axis in Tumor Promotion: The Nonimmune Component 8.7 CCR9-CCL25 as a Potential Target for Cancer Treatment References 9: CCL27 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment 9.1 Introductory Section 9.1.1 Introduction: Chemokine and Chemokine Receptors 9.1.2 Chemokine CCL27 9.2 Main Text 9.3 CCL27 in Different Cancer Types 9.3.1 Skin Tumors 9.3.1.1 Melanoma 9.3.1.2 Carcinoma 9.3.1.3 Cutaneous Lymphoma 9.3.2 Gastrointestinal Tumors 9.3.2.1 Carcinoma 9.3.2.2 Metastasis from Cutaneous Lymphoma 9.3.3 Breast Tumors 9.3.4 Nasopharyngeal Tumors 9.3.5 Salivary Gland Tumors 9.3.6 Brain Tumors 9.3.7 Eye Tumors 9.4 Future Trends References Index Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the role of chemokines in the tumor microenvironment. Each chapter focuses on the chemokines patterns of expression, their regulation, and their roles in immune cell recruitment, as well as how they affect cancer immunity and tumorigenesis. Taken alongside its companion volumes, Tumor Microenvironment: The Role of Chemokines – Part B updates us on what we know about various aspects of the tumor microenvironment, as well as apprises us on future directions in the field. This book is essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as scientists seeking an update on recent developments and research in the tumor microenvironment.