Trusted White-Collar Offenders : Global Cases Studies of Crime Convenience

This book uses global case studies of white-collar crime to examine offenders in top business positions and their motives. Drawing on the theory of convenience, this book opens up new perspectives of white-collar offenders in terms of their financial motives, their professional opportunities, and their personal willingness for deviant behaviour. It focusses on three groups of privileged individuals who have abused their positions for economic gain: people who occupied the position of chair of the board, people who were chief executive officers, and female offenders in top positions, and the related white-collar crimes. Convenience themes are identified in each case using the structural model for convenience theory. The case studies are from Denmark, Germany, Japan, Moldova, Norway, Sweden, and the United States. This book speaks to those interested in white-collar crime, criminal justice, policing, organizational behaviour and business administration. Petter Gottschalk is Professor in the Department of Leadership and Organizational Behavior at BI Norwegian Business School, Norway. Dr Gottschalk has published extensively on knowledge management, white-collar crime, fraud investigations, and convenience theory. Before joining academia, he held executive positions in business enterprises Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Boxes 1 Introduction Bibliography Part I Theoretical Perspectives 2 Theory of Crime Convenience Structure of White-Collar Convenience Structure of Financial Motive Structure of Organizational Opportunity Structure of Personal Willingness Bibliography 3 Potential Offenders v. Non-offenders Survey Instrument Development Business School Students in Norway Real Offenders and Non-offenders Bibliography 4 White-Collar Crime Seriousness Relative Crime Seriousness Opinions Public Ratings of Crime Seriousness Seriousness Survey Research Design Business School Students in Norway Bibliography Part II Case Studies 5 Chair of the Board Japan: Tsuyoshi Kikukawa at Olympus Norway: Trond Emblem at Vest Tank United States: Jordan Belfort at Stratton United States: Bernard Kerik in New York United States: Bernard Madoff at Hedge Fund Norway: Fred Ingebrigtsen at Acta Capital Moldova: Ilan Shor at National Banks Norway: Hans Eirik Olav at Thule Drilling Bibliography 6 Chief Executive Officer Germany: Thomas Middelhoff at Alcantor Japan: Hisao Tanaka at Toshiba Norway: Are Blomhoff at Betanien Foundation United States: Bernard Ebbers at WorldCom Norway: Trond Kristoffersen at Finance Credit United States: Kenneth Lay at Enron Sweden: Boris Benulic at Energy Bibliography 7 Trusted Female Offenders Norway: Bente Selvaag at BNP Paribas United States: Harriette Walters at Tax Norway: Gunn Fosse at Shipping Norway: Nina Tollefsen at Kindergarten United States: Jacqueline Polverari at Title United States: Martha Stewart at Living Denmark: Britta Nielsen at Social Security Bibliography Part III Convenience Dynamics 8 Gender Fraction Stage Model Stage Model Overview Stage 1: From Population Fraction to Needs Fraction Stage 2: From Needs Fraction to Crime Fraction Stage 3: From Crime Fraction to Detection Fraction Stage 4: From Detection Fraction to Sentence Fraction Stage 5: From Sentence Fraction to Prison Fraction Business Student Survey Stage Model Responses Stage Model Comparisons Bibliography 9 Crime Convenience Evolution Historical Convenience Perspectives Convenience Evaluation Criteria Economical Dimension Organizational Dimension Behavioral Dimension Convenience Themes Frequency Bibliography 10 Forecasting Crime Occurrence Opportunity Convenience Willingness Convenience Motivational Convenience Probability Calculation Forecasting Challenges Bibliography 11 White-Collar Community United States: Attorney Jeff Grant Progressive Prison Ministries Male White-Collar Offenders White-Collar Offenders’ Wives Bibliography 12 Conclusion Bibliography Index