Trust, Reputation, and Security: Theories and Practice: AAMAS 2002 International Workshop, Bologna, Italy, July 15, 2002. Selected and Invited Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2631)

This special issue is the result of the workshop Deception, Fraud and Trust in Agent Societies, held in Bologna on July 15, 2002 as part of the Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 2002 Conference (AAMAS2002), organized by Rino Falcone, Suzanne Barber, Larry Korba, and Munindar Singh. The workshop included a special track on "Privacy and Protection with Multi-Agent Systems. " The aim of the workshop was to bring together researchers from different ?elds (Arti?cial Intelligence, Mul- agent Systems, Cognitive Science, Game Theory, and Social and Organizational S- ences) that could contribute to a better understanding of trust, privacy and protection in agent societies. The workshop scope included theoretical results and their applications inhuman-computerinteractionandelectroniccommerce. Thisissueincludesaselection oftherevisedandextendedversionsoftheworkspresentedattheworkshop, incorpor- ing many points that emerged in our discussions, as well as invited papers from expert peopleinthe?eld, whichinourviewgivesacompletecoverageofallrelevantissues. We gratefully acknowledge the ?nacial support from the Italian National Research Council, Institute for Cognitive Science and Technology and theALFEBIITE European Project, contract number IST-1999-10298. We want to express our gratitude to Cristiano Castelfranchi for his stimulating and valuable comments and suggestions both for the organization of the workshop and for the preparation of this special issue. Trust, Reputation, and Security: Theories and Practice To Michael Bacharach Preface Sponsoring Institutions Table of Contents How Human Trusters Assess Trustworthiness in Quasi-virtual Contexts Challenges for Trust, Fraud and Deception Research in Multi-agent Systems 1 Introduction 2 Trust Model Component Discrimination 3 Building Reputation without Interaction 4 Benchmarking Trust Modeling Algorithms 5 Direction for Future Work References Designing for Trust 1 Introduction 2 Alternative Perspective on Trust 3 The Three Dimensions of Trust: Privacy, Security, Reliability 3.1 Privacy as Autonomy - The Human Right 3.2 Privacy as Seclusion – The Right to Be Let Alone 3.3 Privacy as Data Ownership – The Property Right 3.4 Privacy and Security 3.5 Trust as Reliability 4 A Design for Trust Application: The Case of Whois 5 Design for Trust 6 Conclusions on Design for Trust References The Epistemic Role of Trust 1 Testimony and Trust 2 Expert Testimony 3 Not Trusting but Relying? 4 An Epistemic Role for Trust 5 Trust, Credulity and Justification References Trustworthy Service Composition: Challenges and Research QuestionsTrustworthy Service Composition: Challenges and Research Questions 1 Introduction 2 Motivation and Framework 2.1 Service Composition 2.2 Trust 2.3 Referrals as a Unified Technical Framework 3 Challenges and Research Questions 3.1 Service Discovery 3.2 Service Evaluation 3.3 Protocols 3.4 Architectures 3.5 Topology 3.6 Clustering 3.7 Web Structure 4 Discussion and Comparisons 4.1 Literature 4.2 Toward a Cohesive Research Program References A Service-Oriented Trust Management Framework 1 Introduction 2 A Service Oriented Trust Model 2.1 A Survey of Trust Definitions 2.2 A Service-Oriented Definition of Trust 2.3 Some General Properties of Trust 2.4 Propagation and Transferability of Trust 3 A Trust Management Scheme 3.1 Trust Inclinations 3.2 Trust Intentions 3.3 Trusting Behaviour 3.4 Risk Management 4 Conclusion References A Fuzzy Approach to a Belief-Based Trust Computation 1 Introduction 2 Why the Fuzzy Approach 3 Scenarios 3.1 Belief Sources 4 Modeling Beliefs and Sources 4.1 Beliefs and Sources Overview 5 Overview of the Implementation 5.1 A Note on Fuzzy Values 5.2 Description of the Model 5.3 Running the Model 6 Experimental Setting 6.1 Routine Visit Scenario 6.2 Emergency Visit Scenario 6.3 Trustfulness and Decision 7 Experiment Discussion 7.1 Evaluating the Behavior of the FCMs 8 Conclusions 8.1 Scenarios and Trust Variation 8.2 Future Work References Annotating Cooperative Plans with Trusted Agents 1 Introduction 1.1 Cooperation 1.2 Plan Selection 1.3 Intention Adoption 1.4 Group Action 1.5 Cooperative Plan Annotation 2 Cooperative Plans 3 Plan Annotation Using Trust 3.1 Choice of Annotation Strategy 3.2 Annotating with Trusted Agents 3.3 Individual Action Annotation 3.4 Simultaneous Action Annotation 3.5 Annotated Plans 4 Soliciting Commitment 5 Conclusion References Supervised Interaction - A Form of Contract Management to Create Trust between Agents 1 Introduction 2 Organisation 3 Contract Specification 4 Contract Management 4.1 Registration Phase 4.2 Negotiation Phase 4.3 Execution Phase 5 Related Work 6 Conclusion References Evaluating Reputation in Multi-agents Systems 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Reputation Typology 3.1 Contextualization 3.2 Personalization 3.3 Individual and Group Reputation 3.4 Direct and Indirect (Individual) Reputation 3.5 Direct Reputation Observed Reputation Encounter-Derived Reputation 3.6 Indirect Reputations Prior-Derived Reputation Group-Derived Reputation Propagated Reputation 4 Framework for Reputation Simulations 4.1 Indirect Reciprocity 4.2 Simulation Framework 4.3 Simulation Parameters 4.4 Agent Strategies 4.5 Goal of Simulation 4.6 Notions of Reputation Experimented 5 Experimental Results 6 Discussion and Conclusion References Towards Incentive-Compatible Reputation Management 1 Introduction 2 An Example of an Incentive-Compatible Mechanism 3 Testing Scenario 4 Experiments 5 Analysis of Mechanism Robustness in the Presence of Lying Agents 6 Related Work 7 Conclusion References Securing Agent-Based e-Banking Services 1 Introduction 1.1 e-Banking Services 1.2 Agent-Based e-Banking Services 1.3 Security Requirements for e-Banking 1.4 MMAS Infrastructure Requirements 1.4.1 Intra Platform Security Requirements 1.4.2 Inter Platform Security Requirements 2 Abstract Security Model 2.1 Security Model Definition 2.2 Asset Security Model 2.3 Reification of Model for e-Banking 2.3.1 Assets 2.3.2 Safeguards 2.3.3 Threats 2.3.4 Profiles 2.3.5 e-Banking Service Asset Model 3 e-Banking Security Service Design Issues 3.1 The e-Banking Architecture 3.1.1 Customer Agent 3.1.2 Merchant Agent 3.1.3 Bank Agent 3.2 The Security Service Architecture for e-Banking 3.2.1 Certification Authority 3.3 Authentication Service Design 3.4 Secure Channel 3.5 Use Cases 4 Implementation and Results 5 Conclusions References Specifying Standard Security Mechanisms in Multi-agent Systems 1 Introduction 1.1 Trust, Security and Privacy 2 Requirements and Use-Cases 3 MAS Security Models 3.1 Architectural MAS Security Elements and General Security Requirements 3.2 General MAS Security Asset Model 3.3 Message Communication 3.4 Agent Name and Directory Service 3.5 Review of FIPA MAS with Proprietary Security Systems 4 Some Thoughts on Future Directions for FIPA MAS Security 4.1 Adaptive Security Profiles and Policies 4.2 Agent Communication Security 4.2.1 Transport Level Issues 4.2.2 Communicative Act Issues 4.2.3 Ontology Level 4.2.4 Interaction Protocol Level 4.3 Security, Trust and Privacy 5 Conclusions References A Trusted Method for Self-profiling in e-Commerce 1 Introduction 2 Motivation for Customer Self-profiling 3 Existing (Relevant) Privacy Protection Technology 4 Trusted Computing Platform Technology 4.1 Trusted Platforms 4.2 TCPA Pseudonymous Identities 4.3 Protected Storage 4.4 Privacy Using TCPA 5 A General Approach for Providing Self-profiling 5.1 Self-profiling 5.2 Creation and Usage of Self-profiles 5.3 Key Features of Self-profiling within a TP 6 Trusted Self-profiling Agents 6.1 An Example 7 Trustworthiness of This System 7.1 Checking Trustworthiness of the Agents 7.2 Trustworthiness of Client and Enquiry Platforms 7.3 Protection of Client Side User Privacy 8 Extensions of This Model 9 Conclusions References A Practical Study on Security of Agent-Based Ubiquitous Computing 1 Introduction 2 Agent-Based Ubiquitous Computing 2.1 Device and Agent 2.2 Human Users and Personal Security Agent 2.3 A Sketch of Agent-Based Ubiquitous Computing 3 Security Implications and Implementation 3.1 Assumptions Based on Reality 3.2 Revisit Cryptographic Operations Encryption Keyed One-Way-Hash-function Digital Signature 3.3 Security Implementation and Implications Resurrecting Duckling Scheme Principals: Certified Agents and Agent-Based Public-Key Infrastructure Trusted Computing Base 4 Logic of Security Reasoning 4.1 Logic Reasoning Space 4.2 Notions and Notations Formulae Statement 4.3 Logical Postulations See Rules Authentication Rules Non-repudiation Rule 4.4 Reasoning Paradigm 5 Conclusion Related Work Current Status of Application Future References Designing for Privacy in a Multi-agent World 1 Introduction 2 Achieving Privacy and Security during System Design Privacy Security 3 Modelling Privacy and Security in i* 4 Privacy and Other NFRs – Reasoning among Different Alternatives 5 Conclusion References Soft Security: Isolating Unreliable Agents from Society 1 Introduction 2 Assumptions 3 Definitions 4 Direct Trust Revision 5 Recommended Trust Revision 6 Experiments 7 Summary References Author Index Volume A Result Of The Workshop Deception, Fraud And Trust In Agent Societies, Which Included A Special Track On Privacy And Protection With Multi-agent Systems. How Human Trusters Assess Trustworthiness In Quasi-virtual Contexts / Michael Bacharach -- Challenges For Trust, Fraud And Deception Research In Multi-agent Systems / K. Suzanne Barber, Karen Fullam And Joonoo Kim -- Designing For Trust / L. Jean Camp -- The Epistemic Role Of Trust / Paul Faulkner -- Trustworthy Service Composition: Challenges And Research Questions / Munindar P. Singh -- A Service-oriented Trust Management Framework / Theo Dimitrakos. Rino Falcone ... [et Al.] (eds.) Papers From A Workshop Called Deception, Fraud And Trust In Agent Societies, Held In Bologna On July 15, 2002 As Part Of Aamas 2002. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.