Tropical Rainforests and Agroforests Under Global Change : Ecological and Socio-economic Valuations

Annotation Tropical rainforests are disappearing due to agricultural intensification and climate change, causing irreversible losses in biodiversity and associated ecosystem functioning. Ecosystem properties and human well-being are profoundly influenced by environmental change, which is often not considered during land use intensification. Understanding these processes needs an integrated scientific approach linking ecological, economic and social perspectives at different scales, from the household and village level to landscapes and regions. The chapters in this book cover a broad range of topical research areas, from sustainable agroforestry management, climate change effects on rainforests and agroforests to integrated concepts of land use in tropical landscapes Front Matter....Pages i-xv Tropical rainforests and agroforests under global change: Ecological and socio-economic valuations — an introduction....Pages 1-11 Front Matter....Pages 13-13 Biodiversity patterns and trophic interactions in human-dominated tropical landscapes in Sulawesi (Indonesia): plants, arthropods and vertebrates....Pages 15-71 The potential of land-use systems for maintaining tropical forest butterfly diversity....Pages 73-96 Insect pollinator communities under changing land-use in tropical landscapes: implications for agricultural management in Indonesia....Pages 97-114 Structure and management of cocoa agroforestry systems in Central Sulawesi across an intensification gradient....Pages 115-140 Land tenure rights, village institutions, and rainforest conversion in Central Sulawesi (Indonesia)....Pages 141-160 Rural income dynamics in post-crisis Indonesia: evidence from Central Sulawesi....Pages 161-176 Gender division of labor in agroforestry activities within households: a case of Wonogiri - Central Java - Indonesia....Pages 177-189 The robustness of indicator based poverty assessment tools in changing environments - empirical evidence from Indonesia....Pages 191-211 Demography, development, and deforestation at the rainforest margin in Indonesia....Pages 213-236 Front Matter....Pages 237-237 Functional biodiversity and climate change along an altitudinal gradient in a tropical mountain rainforest....Pages 239-268 Spatiotemporal trends of forest cover change in Southeast Asia....Pages 269-291 Comparison of tree water use characteristics in reforestation and agroforestry stands across the tropics....Pages 293-308 A comparison of throughfall rate and nutrient fluxes in rainforest and cacao plantation in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia....Pages 309-326 Effects of “ENSO-events” and rainforest conversion on river discharge in Central Sulawesi (Indonesia)....Pages 327-350 Adaptation to climate change in Indonesia - livelihood strategies of rural households in the face of ENSO related droughts....Pages 351-375 Terrestrial herb communities of tropical submontane and tropical montane forests in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia....Pages 377-390 The hydraulic performance of tropical rainforest trees in their perhumid environment - is there evidence for drought vulnerability?....Pages 391-410 Front Matter....Pages 411-411 Principle and practice of the buffer zone in biosphere reserves: from global to local – general perspective from managers versus local perspective from villagers in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia....Pages 413-429 Institutions for environmental service payment programmes - evidence of community resource management arrangements in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia....Pages 431-446 Front Matter....Pages 411-411 Agricultural expansion in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso; implications for C stocks and greenhouse gas emissions....Pages 447-460 Contribution of agroforestry to biodiversity and livelihoods improvement in rural communities of Southern African regions....Pages 461-476 Human ecological dimensions in sustainable utilization and conservation of tropical mountain rain forests under global change in southern Ecuador....Pages 477-509 Linkages between poverty and sustainable agricultural and rural development in the uplands of Southeast Asia....Pages 511-527 Back Matter....Pages 529-531 not only for land use systems that depend on the regular supply of rain or irrigation water but also for the future development of natural rainforests as drought stress has been shown to a?ect tree growth and species composition in old-growth forests (Wright 1991, Walsh and Newbery 1999, Engelbrecht et al. 2007). A drought experiment conducted in a cacao agroforestry plantation showed that this plantation was surprisingly resilient to an induced drought of more than a year (Schwendenmann et al. 2009). However, droughts can have a strong impact on household incomes from agriculture, they strongly a?ect the vulnerability to poverty and thus have to be analyzed as important exogenous shocks to households, forcing them to adjust their behaviour and develop strategies to cope with these problems. The stability of rainforest margins is a critical factor in the protection of tropical rainforests (Tscharntke et al. 2007). At present, however, rainf- est margins in many parts of the tropics are far from stable, both in soc- economic and in ecological terms. For example, protected areas may attract, rather than repel, human settlement, which may be due to international donor investment in national conservation programs (Wittemeyer et al. 2008). An alternative hypothesis is that protected areas might be compromised if leakage takes place, that is, if impacts that would take place inside the restricted area are displaced to a nearby, undisturbed area (Ewers and Rodrigues 2008).