Triassic-Jurassic Rifting: Continental Breakup and the Origin of the Atlantic Ocean and Passive Margins (Developments in Geotectonics, Vol. 22) (2 Parts)

Extensive field studies on the African and North American plates during this past decade have yielded a wealth of new data and ideas about rift basins and the origin of passive margins. New surface and subsurface basins have been identified; fossils abound in strata that only recently were considered barren; oil exploration is being actively pursued in continental strata of the Richmond-Taylorsville, Sanford and Newark basins, Late Triassic marine strata have been identified in Georges Bank off the coast of Massachusetts, and the roles of wrench tectonics, successor basins and listric normal faults have challenged the classical view that these are simple extensional basins. This two part work brings together representative examples of these studies. It is not intended as an exhaustive synthesis of the subject, but rather a vehicle to present new data, new ideas and alternative views. Some of the papers present regional summaries, others attempt to relate local features to regional questions, while others describe modern rift basins as possible analogs of early Mesozoic basins. Geologic data from the Atlantic passive margins record that continental rifting of central Pangaea occurred during the latest Triassic-earliest Jurassic (Liassic), and that sea-floor spreading probably began no later than the Middle Jurassic. The primary subject of this book focuses on the Triassic-Jurassic rifting events that led to the breakup of Pangaea and the opening of the central Atlantic Ocean. Whereas other treatises have focused on the origin of the passive margins, inferred primarily from geophysical data of the offshore basins, this volume primarily and uniquely focuses on land-based field studies of the onshore synrift basins. Offshore studies of synrift basins are also included and add substantially to our understanding of the breakup. However, the onshore data base, while complementary, is different, thus providing researchers with a different insight to the questions at hand. The book is organized into four sections. Section I, Pangaean Plate in Time and Space, first locates Pangaea in space and then places the Triassic basins within an historical context on the Alleghanian-Variscan Orogens. Section 2, the offshore and onshore basins of the North American and African Plates, comprises about 70% of all papers in this book, and includes papers on structural geology, petrology, paleontology, sedimentation, organic geochemistry, vulcanism and mineral resources. Section 3, Related Mesozoic Atlantic Rift Basins, includes papers on Iberia, Western Europe, the Benue Trough and Brazil. The final section of the book, Analogs, includes the rift basins of East Africa, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Elat (Aqaba), the Dead Sea and the Rio Grande. The book is richly illustrated throughout with figures, photographs, tables and fold-out maps, including nine in full colour. Content: Further Titles in this Series Page ii Front Matter Page iii Copyright page Page iv Preface Pages v-vi WARREN MANSPEIZER List of Contributors Pages vii-x Chapter 1 - Variscan – Alleghanian orogen Pages 1-27 N. RAST Chapter 2 - Triassic – Jurassic plate migrations and paleogeographic reconstructions in the Atlantic domain Pages 29-40 ROB VAN DER VOO Chapter 3 - Triassic – Jurassic rifting and opening of the Atlantic: An overview Pages 41-79 WARREN MANSPEIZER Chapter 4 - Evolution of rift basins on the continental margin off southern New England Pages 81-98 D.R. HUTCHINSON, K.D. KLITGORD Chapter 5 - Early Mesozoic rift basins and the development of the United States middle Atlantic continental margin Pages 99-127 RICHARD N. BENSON, ROBERT G. DOYLE Chapter 6 - Extensional tectonics, structural styles and stratigraphy of the Mesozoic Grand Banks of Newfoundland Pages 129-165 A.J. TANKARD, H.J. WELSINK Chapter 7 - Biostratigraphy of the COST G-2 well (Georges Bank): a record of Late Triassic synrift evaporite deposition; Liassic doming; and mid-Jurassic to Miocene postrift marine sedimentation Pages 167-184 HAROLD L. COUSMINER, WILLIAM E. STEINKRAUS Chapter 8 - Paleontology and paleoecology of the Newark Supergroup (early Mesozoic, eastern North America) Pages 185-230 PAUL E. OLSEN Chapter 9 - Sedimentology of braided-river deposits in Upper Triassic Wolfville redbeds, southern shore of Cobequid Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada Pages 231-247 JOHN F. HUBERT, MICHAEL F. FORLENZA Chapter 10 - Massive mudstones in basin analysis and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Newark Supergroup Pages 249-274 JOSEPH P. SMOOT, PAUL E. OLSEN Chapter 11 - Mesozoic tectogenesis: development and deformation of ‘NewarkвЂTM rift zones in the Appalachians (with special emphasis on the Hartford basin, Connecticut) Pages 275-306 JELLE ZEILINGA DE BOER, AMY E. CLIFFORD Chapter 12 - A foreland-type fold and related structures in the Newark rift basin Pages 307-308,309-310,311-312,313-331 MARK LUCAS, JOSEPH HULL, WARREN MANSPEIZER Chapter 13 - Petrology of Mesozoic sandstones in the Newark basin, central New Jersey and adjacent New York Pages 333-352 MARTHA E. OSHCHUDLAK, JOHN F. HUBERT Chapter 14 - Structure and hydrocarbon potential of the Gettysburg basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland Pages 353-367 SAMUEL ROOT Chapter 15 - Late Triassic and Early Jurassic lacustrine sedimentation in the Culpeper basin Virginia Pages 369-400 PAMELA J.W. GORE Chapter 16 - A gravity and magnetic study of the Triassic Richmond Basin, Virginia Pages 401-421 KEVIN L. MICKUS, CARLOS L.V. AIKEN, WAYNE J. PEEPLES, DANIEL G. ZIEGLER Chapter 17 - Late Triassic depositional history of the Richmond and Taylorsville basins, Eastern Virginia Pages 423-443 R. RESSETAR, G.K. TAYLOR Chapter 18 - A kinematic model for the evolution of Richmond Triassic basin, Virginia Pages 445-462 R. VENKATAKRISHNAN, R. LUTZ Chapter 19 - Early Mesozoic faults of the northern Gulf Coastal Plain in the context of opening of the Atlantic Ocean Pages 463-464,465-466,467-468,469-476 WILLIAM A. THOMAS Chapter 20 - Triassic sedimentation and rifting in the High Atlas (Morocco) Pages 477-497 JACQUES BEAUCHAMP Chapter 21 - A multiple releasing and restraining stepover model for the Jurassic strike-slip basin of the Central High Atlas (Morocco) Pages 499-523 EDGARD LAVILLE Chapter 22 - Evaporite deposits of the North Atlantic rift Pages 525-556 WILLIAM T. HOLSER, GAIL P. CLEMENT, LUBOMIR F. JANSA, JOHN A. WADE Chapter 23 - Chemical and physical constraints on petrogenesis and emplacement of ENA olivine diabase magma types Pages 557-577 DAVID WHITTINGTON Chapter 24 - Eastern North American quartz tholeiites: geochemistry and petrology Pages 579-605 JOHN H. PUFFER, ANTHONY R. PHILPOTTS Chapter 25 - Tectonic and paleostress patterns of Mesozoic intrusions in eastern North America Pages 607-620 J. GREGORY McHONE Chapter 26 - Base- and precious-metal mineralization associated with igneous and thermally altered rocks in the Newark, Gettysburg, and Culpeper early Mesozoic basins of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia Pages 621-648 G.R. ROBINSON Jr. Chapter 27 - Coal deposits of the Newark rift system Pages 649-682 ELEANORA I. ROBBINS, GERALD P. WILKES, DANIEL A. TEXTORIS Chapter 28 - The level of organic maturity within the Newark basin and its associated implications Pages 683-696 B.J. KATZ, C.R. ROBISON, T. JORJORIAN, F.D. FOLEY Chapter 29 - Early Mesozoic lacustrine petroleum source rocks in the Culpeper basin, Virginia Pages 697-709 MICHAEL A. SMITH, COLEMAN R. ROBISON Chapter 30 - Post-Hercynian plate reorganization in the Tethys and Arctic – North Atlantic domains Pages 711-714,715-716,717-718,719-720,721-755 P.A. ZIEGLER Chapter 31 - Permian and Triassic rift basins of the Iberian Peninsula Pages 757-786 ALFONSO SOPEГ±A, JOSГ© LГіPEZ, ALFREDO ARCHE, MARTA PГ©REZ-ARLUCEA, AMPARO RAMOS, CARMINA VIRGILI, SANTIAGO HERNANDO Chapter 32 - The Benue trough: Wrench-fault related basin on the border of the equatorial Atlantic Pages 787-788,789-790,791-792,793-794,795-796,797-819 J. BENKHELIL, P. DAINELLI, J.F. PONSARD, M. POPOFF, L. SAUGY Chapter 33 - Late Mesozoic rifting in Africa Pages 821-831 J.D. FAIRHEAD Chapter 34 - Mesozoic rift basins around the northeast Brazilian microplate (RecГґncavo – Tucano – JatobГЎ, Sergipe – Alagoas) Pages 833-858 EDISON J. MILANI, MARCOS C. LANA, PETER SZATMARI Chapter 35 - The structural and stratigraphic evolution of Lake Tanganyika: A case study of continental rifting Pages 859-881 C.F. BURGESS, B.R. ROSENDAHL, S. SANDER, C.A. BURGESS, J. LAMBIASE, S. DERKSEN, N. MEADER Chapter 36 - A review of the relations between the tectonics, sedimentation and petroleum occurrences of the Dead Sea – Jordan rift system Pages 883-909 E.L. KASHAI Chapter 37 - A comparison of the Newark and Rio Grande rift systems and associated magmatism Pages 911-932 G. RANDY KELLER, JAMES D. HOOVER Chapter 38 - Modern sedimentation in the Gulf of Elat (Aqaba): a review Pages 933-956 GERALD M. FRIEDMAN Chapter 39 - The Red Sea: history and associated mineralization Pages 957-982 POL GUENNOC, GEORGES POUIT, ZOHAIR NAWAB Index Pages 983-998 Diapiric Krikogenesis / S.w. Carey -- Arcuate Crustal Structures / V.v. Beloussov -- Regularities In The Pattern Of Major Fault Zones Of The Earth And The Origin Of Arcs / N. Pavoni -- Global Neotectonics, Arcs And Geoid Configuration / N.-a. Mörner -- Evidence Of A Deep-reaching Lithospheric Root Under The Alpine Arc / S. Mueller And G.f. Panza -- On The Dynamics Of Convergent Plate Boundaries And Stress In The Lithosphere / M.j.r. Wortel And S.a.p.l. Cloetingh -- Paleomagnetism In Arcuate Mountain Belts / W. Lowrie And A.m. Hirt -- Geochemical And Isotopic Systematics Of Eastern Sunda Arc Volcanics : Implications For Mantle Sources And Mantle Mixing Processes / R. Varne And J.d. Foden -- Mechanism Of Formation Of Fold Belts : The Alpine-carpathian Region / E.v. Artyushkov And M.a. Baer -- The Western Alpine Arc : New Data And Hypothesis / J. Debelmas -- Southalpine Versus Po Plain Apenninic Arcs / A. Castellarin And G.b. Vai --^ Betic-rifian And Tyrrhenian Arcs : Distinctive Features, Genesis And Development Stages / J.-p. Bouillin, M. Durand-delga And Ph. Olivier -- Neotectonics Of The Calabrian Arc And Apennines (italy) : An Example Of Plio-quaternary Evolution From Island Arcs To Collisional Stages / J.c. Bousquet And H. Philip -- Event Stratigraphy, Basin Evolution And Tectonics Of The Hellenic And Calabro-sicilian Arcs / J.e. Meulenkamp And F.j. Hilgen -- Tyrrhenian Volcanic Arcs : Volcano-tectonics, Petrogenesis And Economic Aspects / E. Locardi -- Growth Of Accretionary Prisms : Tectonic Processes From Caribbean Examples / A. Mascle [and Others] -- Northern And Southern Caribbean Festoons (panama, Colombia-venezuela And Hispaniola-puerto Rico), Interpreted As Pseudo-subductions Induced By The East-west Shortening Of The Peri-caribbean Continental Frame / J.f. Stephan, R. Blanchet And B. Mercier De Lepinay -- The Origin Of The Pacific On An Expanding Earth / A.r. Crawford --^ Facts, Ideas And Open Problems On Trench-arc-backarc Systems / S. Uyeda -- Subduction In The Japan Trench : The Kaiko Results / J.p. Cadet [and Others] -- Geochemistry Of Volcanic Rocks From The Mariana, Yap And Palau Trenches Bearing On The Tectono-magmatic Evolution Of The Mariana Trench-arc-backarc System / L. Beccaluva, G. Serri And J. Dostal -- Structural Behaviour Of A Continental Volcanic Arc : The Mexican Volcanic Belt / G. Pasquare [and Others] -- The Pacific Island Arcs : Produced By Post-orogenic Vertical Tectonics? / F.-c. Wezel. Edited By F.-c. Wezel. Includes Bibliographies.