Travel Medicine : Proceedings of the First Conference on International Travel Medicine, Zürich, Switzerland, 5–8 April 1988

Almost 50 million persons visit another continent each year. It is mainly those 15-18 million travelers from industrialized nations who visit or reside in developing countries that are at increased health risk. To develop effective health protection advice, the health risks of travel and the benefits of prophylaxis (vaccines, new and old drugs, behaviour modification, etc.) should be assessed systematically. The purpose of this book is to improve the protection of the travelers' health by more effective and more uniform recommendations. It contains many data on recent research and represents the first comprehensive account on travel medicine for professionals. Front Matter....Pages I-XL The Scope of Travel Medicine: An Introduction to the Conference on International Travel Medicine....Pages 1-9 World Tourism: Facts and Figures....Pages 10-15 Medical Impact of Intercontinental Travel to Developing Countries....Pages 16-20 Travel-Related Health Risks: A Question of Communication....Pages 21-24 Front Matter....Pages 25-25 Health Risks for Short-Term Travelers....Pages 27-36 Health Risks for Temporary Residents of Developing Countries: The U.S. Peace Corps as an Epidemiologic Model....Pages 37-44 Imported Disease in Australia: An Ongoing Problem....Pages 45-49 A Review of Travel-Associated Illness....Pages 50-54 Fatalities of American Travelers — 1975, 1984....Pages 55-60 Injury Deaths and American Travelers....Pages 61-64 Mortality Amongst Overseas Travelers from Scotland....Pages 65-66 Health Risks of International Travel Among United States College Students....Pages 67-70 Survey of International Travel Medicine Work at Beijing Capital Airport and Beijing City....Pages 71-74 Reported Illness and Compliance in United States Travelers Attending an Immunization Facility....Pages 75-76 Prevention and Control of Infections in Tourists in the Mediterranean Area....Pages 77-78 Front Matter....Pages 79-79 Malaria and Use of Prevention Measures Among United States Travelers....Pages 81-89 Epidemiology of Malaria in European Travelers....Pages 90-101 Advantages and Disadvantages of Antimalarials for Chemoprophylaxis....Pages 102-112 Measures Against Mosquito Bites....Pages 113-122 Induced and Imported Malaria: Then and Now!....Pages 123-136 Front Matter....Pages 79-79 Chloroquine-Resistant Malaria in West Africa....Pages 137-140 Malaria Chemoprophylaxis in 28712 European Travelers to Africa: A Follow-up Study....Pages 141-144 Malaria Protection for Swissair Crews....Pages 145-146 Long-Term Tolerance of the Triple-Combination FansimefTM (Mefloquine+Sulfadoxine+Pyrimethamine): Results of a Double-blind Field Trial in Nigeria....Pages 147-150 Imported Malaria at Barcelona University Hospital, 1983–1987....Pages 151-152 Seasonal Pattern of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Scotland....Pages 153-153 Malaria Chemoprophylaxis Among Temporary Residents in Tanzania....Pages 154-157 Time Limits in the Initiation of Treatment of Falciparum Malaria....Pages 158-159 Splenic Infarction: A Complication of Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria....Pages 160-161 Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Phagocytosis in Mice Treated with Pyran and Infected with Plasmodium Yoelii ....Pages 162-163 Recommendations for Malaria Prevention in European Countries....Pages 164-166 Front Matter....Pages 167-167 General Use Immunizations for Travelers....Pages 169-181 Special-Use Immunobiologics for Travelers....Pages 182-202 Variations in Vaccination Recommendations....Pages 203-207 Is Vaccination Worthwhile Before Travel?....Pages 208-215 Observations on Obtaining Immunizations for International Travel and the Need for Routine Immunizations....Pages 216-219 Trends in Vaccination of Travelers over the Last 15 Years and the Future Outlook....Pages 220-222 A Study on Protective Vaccinations in Swiss Long-Distance Travelers....Pages 223-224 Side Effects of Tetanus Versus Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccination in Travelers....Pages 225-226 Imported Diphtheria, England and Wales: 1970–1987....Pages 227-229 Front Matter....Pages 167-167 Heat Stability of a New 17D Yellow Fever Vaccine....Pages 230-232 Immunogenicity of a New Thermostable 17D Yellow Fever Vaccine....Pages 233-237 Yellow Fever Vaccination and Business Travel....Pages 238-239 Tolerance and Immunogenicity of a New Combined Meningococcal (A+C)-Yellow Fever Vaccine (Preliminary Results)....Pages 240-242 Prevention of Typhoid Fever by Single-Dose Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccination — 2-Year Results....Pages 243-247 Immunologic Investigations with Oral Live Typhoid Vaccine TY 21A Strain....Pages 248-253 Relapsing Typhoid Fever with Severe Colitis and Hepatitis....Pages 254-258 Risk/Benefit Evaluation of Pre-expositional Use of PCEC Rabies Vaccine in Travel Medicine....Pages 259-261 Antibody Response to Malaria Sporozoite Vaccine Enhanced by Simultaneous Administration of Alpha-Interferon....Pages 262-264 Incidence of Antibody to Hepatitis A among Employees of a Multinational Corporation: Implications for Immunoglobulin Prophylaxis....Pages 265-269 Hepatitis B in Canadian Missionaries Serving in Developing Countries....Pages 270-272 Prevention of Hepatitis B in Travelers to Endemic Areas....Pages 273-276 Safety and Efficacy Aspects of Hepatitis B Vaccination in HIV-infected Individuals....Pages 277-279 Protection by a Recombinant DNA Vaccine Against Hepatitis B, Preliminary Report....Pages 280-281 Efficacy and Tolerance of Intradermal Versus Intramuscular Hepatitis B Immunization: A Randomized Study....Pages 282-285 Uniform Recommendations for Vaccinations for Travelers — Utopia?....Pages 286-287 Front Matter....Pages 289-289 Travelers’ Diarrhea — Its Prevention and Treatment....Pages 291-295 Surveillance of Gastrointestinal Upset in Package Holiday Tourists....Pages 296-300 Problems in the Investigation of Food Poisoning Associated with In-flight Catering....Pages 301-304 Microorganisms in Faeces of Patients with Diarrhoea....Pages 305-308 Front Matter....Pages 289-289 Etiology of Diarrheal Disease Among Travelers and Foreign Residents in Nepal....Pages 309-311 An Investigation into Gastrointestinal Upsets Among Package Holidaymakers in a Spanish Resort....Pages 312-313 Intestinal Infections in Swedish Travelers....Pages 314-315 Enteric Pathogens in Finnish Travelers....Pages 316-318 Intestinal Parasite Infestation Risks in Temporary Residents in Warm Climates....Pages 319-320 Amoebiasis Risk Group Delimitation in Returnees from the Tropics and Subtropics....Pages 321-323 Drug Susceptibility and Virulence of Different Entamoeba histolytica Strains....Pages 324-325 Cryptosporidiosis in a Group of Travelers to Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 1986....Pages 326-327 Prevention of Traveler’s Diarrhea: A Double-Blind Randomized Trial with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen CBS 5926....Pages 328-332 Prophylactic Efficacy of Lactobacilli on Traveler’s Diarrhea....Pages 333-335 A Portable Device To Obtain Bacteriologically Safe Water....Pages 336-339 Self-Treatment of Uncomplicated Diarrhoea and of Dysentery in Travelers: A Controlled Study....Pages 340-342 Future Prospects for the Prevention of Travelers’ Diarrhea....Pages 343-344 Front Matter....Pages 345-345 Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Travel....Pages 347-350 International Travel and AIDS....Pages 351-356 Tourism and AIDS — The Mauritian Experience....Pages 357-359 Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases....Pages 360-360 Heterosexual Transmission of HIV in Northern Italy: Its Incidence Among Travelers....Pages 361-363 Prevalence of HIV, HBV, HDV and HAV Markers in Pregnant Women in Indonesia....Pages 364-366 AIDS — Do Travelers Need Specific Recommendations?....Pages 367-368 Front Matter....Pages 369-369 Pilot Study of the Potential Benefit of Tocainide in the Management of Ciguatera Toxicity....Pages 371-374 Brucellosis in Travelers and Brucella That Travels....Pages 375-377 Kala-azar Imported to the Federal Republic of Germany 1943–1980....Pages 378-380 Acute Schistosomiasis in Schistosoma haematobium Infection....Pages 381-383 African Trypanosomiasis in American Travelers: A 20-Year Review....Pages 384-388 Three Cases of Cutaneous Diphtheria in Travelers to Africa....Pages 389-390 Screening for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among the Expatriates Entering the Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya....Pages 391-393 Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis....Pages 394-395 Digestive Interactions and Clues to the Diagnostic Dilemmas of Travelers....Pages 396-399 Unfamiliar Infectious Diseases Acquired During Travel in the United States....Pages 400-404 Risks of Zoonotic Diseases to Travellers in West Africa....Pages 405-406 Front Matter....Pages 407-407 Stresses of Families Abroad....Pages 409-413 Mental Stress as International Hazard....Pages 414-416 Dehydration and Thermoregulatory Mechanisms Affecting the Traveler....Pages 417-419 Effect of Transmeridian Flights: Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters....Pages 420-424 Motion Sickness and Jet Lag: Their Nature and Treatment....Pages 425-432 Front Matter....Pages 433-433 Special Aspects for Patients with Preexisting Illness Planning to Stay in Tropical Countries....Pages 435-439 Special Aspects for a Stay in the Tropics: Pregnant and Nursing Mothers....Pages 440-449 Prophylaxis and Treatment of Acute Mountain Sickness....Pages 450-456 Helicopter Rescues and Deaths Among Trekkers in Nepal....Pages 457-460 Front Matter....Pages 433-433 Drug Therapy of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease During Exposure to Moderate Altitude....Pages 461-463 Practice of Medicine on a Sailing Ship from England to Australia....Pages 464-467 Passenger Travel on Freighters....Pages 468-473 Health Problems of Seafarers — “Professional Travelers”....Pages 474-475 Uprooting — The Psychosocial Problems of the International Student....Pages 476-480 Sojourners and Health — Providing Health Care for International Students....Pages 481-483 Health Risks of Children and Adolescents in Short-Term Travel or Temporary Residence in Developing Countries....Pages 484-485 Mental Health Care of Expatriates....Pages 486-487 Parasites and Pregnancy....Pages 488-490 The Pregnant Traveler....Pages 491-493 Counseling the HIV Antibody Positive Traveler Relative to Immunization Protection and Malaria Prophylaxis....Pages 494-498 Front Matter....Pages 499-499 Health Advice to Travelers....Pages 501-504 Various Approaches to Providing Health Information for Travelers....Pages 505-510 Health Information for Spanish Intercontinental Travelers....Pages 511-513 A Survey of Health Risks of North American Mission Personnel Serving Overseas....Pages 514-518 Attitudes Towards Prevention of Communicable Diseases Among French Travelers....Pages 519-521 Acquisition of Knowledge by Travelers Receiving Pre-Travel Advice....Pages 522-523 Advice on Prophylaxis for Travelers Dispensed by Telephone at the Pasteur Hospital Vaccination Center....Pages 524-525 Advisory Services for Travel and Tropical Medicine....Pages 526-527 “Health Passports”: Changes and Trends....Pages 528-530 Front Matter....Pages 499-499 Computerized Registration and Administration of a Vaccination Outpatient Department....Pages 531-533 Computerized-Assisted Travel Information System (CATIS)....Pages 534-534 Development of a Computerized Expert System for Itinerary — Specific Recommendations for Immunizations and Chemoprophylaxis....Pages 535-537 A Computerized Data Base of Travel Information for Doctors Advising the General Public on Immunization and Malaria Precautions....Pages 538-538 Traveler Service of the Italian Society of Tropical Medicine: Analysis of Its Impact After 1 Year....Pages 539-540 Traveler Service of the Italian Society of Tropical Medicine: Activities, Methodology and Results....Pages 541-542 Practical Aids in Disease Prevention and Post-Travel Diagnoses: “The Global Disease Guide”, “The Pocket Doc”, and “The Diagnostic Digest”....Pages 543-543 Inadequate Pre-Travel Health Advice — An Answer?....Pages 544-546 Providing Health Advice to Travelers by a Tour Operator....Pages 547-549 Epidemiology of Travel to the Developing World from Connecticut, USA....Pages 550-552 Providing Health Information for Travelers, in Search of an Optimal Solution....Pages 553-554 Front Matter....Pages 555-555 Emergency Abroad: What Are the Options?....Pages 557-567 A Rational Model for Access to Medical Care for Travelers....Pages 568-569 Investigation, Control and Surveillance of an Outbreak of Gastroenteritis in a Portuguese Holiday Resort....Pages 570-573 Diagnoses and Related Medical Costs Among Swedish Citizens Working and Living Abroad: A 2-Year Follow-up of Insurance Statistics....Pages 574-576 Company Medical Policy for Expatriates in Third World Countries....Pages 577-580 Health Protection Measures in Remote Locations of Club Méditerranée....Pages 581-582 Medical Care of Tourists in the Maldives....Pages 583-585 First Aid Kits of International Air Companies: Are They Really Appropriate?....Pages 586-588 Front Matter....Pages 589-589 The Present and Future of Travel Medicine: Summary of and Outlook from the Conference....Pages 591-596