Traumatic Dissociation : Neurobiology and Treatment

Traumatic Dissociation: Neurobiology and Treatment offers an advanced introduction to this symptom, process, and pattern of personality organization seen in several trauma-related disorders, including acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the dissociative disorders. Our understanding of traumatic dissociation has recently been advanced by neuroimaging technology, empirically-based investigation, and an acknowledgment of its importance in psychopathology. The authors of this volume tie these findings together, tracking the condition from its earliest historical conceptualization to its most recent neurobiological understanding to provide even greater insight into traumatic dissociation and its treatment. Bringing together for the first time theoretical, cognitive, and neurobiological perspectives on traumatic dissociation, this volume is designed to provide both empirical and therapeutic insights by drawing on the work of many of the main contributors to the field. Opening chapters examine historical, conceptual, and theoretical issues and how other fields, such as cognitive psychology, have been applied to the study of traumatic dissociation. The following section focuses specifically on how neurobiological investigations have deepened our understanding of dissociation and concluding chapters explore issues pertinent to the assessment and treatment of traumatic dissociation. The interacting effects of traumatic experience, developmental history, neurobiological function, and specific vulnerabilities to dissociative processes that underlie the occurrence of traumatic dissociation are among some of the key issues covered. The book's significant contributions include • A review of cognitive experimental findings on attention and memory functioning in dissociative identity disorder • An appreciation of how the literature on hypnosis provides a greater understanding of perceptual processing and traumatic stress • Ascertaining symptoms of dissociation in a military setting and in other situations of extreme stress • An outline of key issues for planning assessment of traumatic dissociation, including a critique of its primary empirically supported standardized measures • An examination of the association between child abuse or neglect and the development of eating disorders, suggesting ways to therapeutically deal with negative body experience to reduce events that trigger dissociation • A description of neuroendocrine alterations associated with stress, pointing toward a better understanding of the developmental effects of deprivation and trauma on PTSD and dissociation • A review of the relation of attachment and dissociation • A discussion of new research findings in the neuroimaging of dissociation and a link between cerebellar functioning and specific peritraumatic experiences Useful as a clinical reference or as ancillary textbook, Traumatic Dissociation reorganizes phenomenological observations that have been overlooked, misunderstood, or neglected in traditional training. The research and clinical experience described here will provide the basis for further clinical and theoretical formulations of traumatic dissociation and will advance empirical examination and treatment of the phenomenon. Doody Review Services Reviewer: Steven T. Herron, MD(University of Arizona Health Sciences Center) Description: Complied by various clinicians and researchers in the specialized area of dissociation, this book attempts to identify the most up-to-date phenomenological and biological information in this area. Purpose: Given that there is much still unknown about the process of dissociation, this book was penned to clarify what is known or what has been learned about this phenomenon since it first became an accepted psychological and psychiatric concept, and to identify what remains elusive about this process. Audience: The main audience will be those specifically interested in dissociation, whether in a clinical capacity as it relates to patients, or in investigating the phenomena from a research perspective. Features: Divided into three sections, this book addresses a wide variety of topics, including conceptual understandings of dissociation, the neurobiology behind the process, and implications for assessment and treatment. The second section contains color pictures of some neuroimaging studies regarding dissociation, and a small number of diagrams, figures, tables, and graphs are used throughout the remainder. Assessment: This book attempts to compile the most current knowledge about dissociation, and while there are likely others that address similar topics, this one does so relatively completely and concisely. While the book does not flow well (due to the lack of consistency among authors of the chapters), there are some particular highlights, including the chapter on dissociative identity disorder. However, for clinicians, the most disappointing chapter is likely to be the one related to the treatment of traumatic dissociation, especially in the area of psychopharmacologic methods. A more thorough review of the literature and a much more detailed discussion of this topic would be appropriate given the level of uncertainty among many clinicians working with this patient population.

Traumatic Dissociation: Neurobiology and Treatment offers an advanced introduction to this symptom, process, and pattern of personality organization seen in several trauma-related disorders, including acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the dissociative disorders. Our understanding of traumatic dissociation has recently been advanced by neuroimaging technology, empirically-based investigation, and an acknowledgment of its importance in psychopathology. The authors of this volume tie these findings together, tracking the condition from its earliest historical conceptualization to its most recent neurobiological understanding to provide even greater insight into traumatic dissociation and its treatment.

Bringing together for the first time theoretical, cognitive, and neurobiological perspectives on traumatic dissociation, this volume is designed to provide both empirical and therapeutic insights by drawing on the work of many of the main contributors to the field. Opening chapters examine historical, conceptual, and theoretical issues and how other fields, such as cognitive psychology, have been applied to the study of traumatic dissociation. The following section focuses specifically on how neurobiological investigations have deepened our understanding of dissociation and concluding chapters explore issues pertinent to the assessment and treatment of traumatic dissociation. The interacting effects of traumatic experience, developmental history, neurobiological function, and specific vulnerabilities to dissociative processes that underlie the occurrence of traumatic dissociation are among some of the key issues covered. The book's significant contributions include • A review of cognitive experimental findings on attention and memory functioning in dissociative identity disorder• An appreciation of how the literature on hypnosis provides a greater understanding of perceptual processing and traumatic stress• Ascertaining symptoms of dissociation in a military setting and in other situations of extreme stress• An outline of key issues for planning assessment of traumatic dissociation, including a critique of its primary empirically supported standardized measures• An examination of the association between child abuse or neglect and the development of eating disorders, suggesting ways to therapeutically deal with negative body experience to reduce events that trigger dissociation• A description of neuroendocrine alterations associated with stress, pointing toward a better understanding of the developmental effects of deprivation and trauma on PTSD and dissociation• A review of the relation of attachment and dissociation• A discussion of new research findings in the neuroimaging of dissociation and a link between cerebellar functioning and specific peritraumatic experiences

Useful as a clinical reference or as ancillary textbook, Traumatic Dissociation reorganizes phenomenological observations that have been overlooked, misunderstood, or neglected in traditional training. The research and clinical experience described here will provide the basis for further clinical and theoretical formulations of traumatic dissociation and will advance empirical examination and treatment of the phenomenon.

Traumatic Dissociation: Neurobiology and Treatment offers an advanced introduction to this symptom, process, and pattern of personality organization seen in several trauma-related disorders, including acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the dissociative disorders. Our understanding of traumatic dissociation has recently been advanced by neuroimaging technology, empirically-based investigation, and an acknowledgment of its importance in psychopathology. The authors of this volume tie these findings together, tracking the condition from its earliest historical conceptualization to its most recent neurobiological understanding to provide even greater insight into traumatic dissociation and its treatment. Bringing together for the first time theoretical, cognitive, and neurobiological perspectives on traumatic dissociation, this volume is designed to provide both empirical and therapeutic insights by drawing on the work of many of the main contributors to the field. Opening chapters examine historical, conceptual, and theoretical issues and how other fields, such as cognitive psychology, have been applied to the study of traumatic dissociation. The following section focuses specifically on how neurobiological investigations have deepened our understanding of dissociation and concluding chapters explore issues pertinent to the assessment and treatment of traumatic dissociation. The interacting effects of traumatic experience, developmental history, neurobiological function, and specific vulnerabilities to dissociative processes that underlie the occurrence of traumatic dissociation are among some of the key issues covered. The book's significant contributions include • A review of cognitive experimental findings on attention and memory functioning in dissociative identity disorder• An appreciation of how the literature on hypnosis provides a greater understanding of perceptual processing and traumatic stress• Ascertaining symptoms of dissociation in a military setting and in other situations of extreme stress• An outline of key issues for planning assessment of traumatic dissociation, including a critique of its primary empirically supported standardized measures• An examination of the association between child abuse or neglect and the development of eating disorders, suggesting ways to therapeutically deal with negative body experience to reduce events that trigger dissociation• A description of neuroendocrine alterations associated with stress, pointing toward a better understanding of the developmental effects of deprivation and trauma on PTSD and dissociation• A review of the relation of attachment and dissociation• A discussion of new research findings in the neuroimaging of dissociation and a link between cerebellar functioning and specific peritraumatic experiences Useful as a clinical reference or as ancillary textbook, Traumatic Dissociation reorganizes phenomenological observations that have been overlooked, misunderstood, or neglected in traditional training. The research and clinical experience described here will provide the basis for further clinical and theoretical formulations of traumatic dissociation and will advance empirical examination and treatment of the phenomenon. Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 10 Preface......Page 16 Introduction......Page 20 Part I: Conceptual Domain of Dissociation......Page 28 1 Relationship Between Trauma and Dissociation: A Historical Analysis......Page 30 2 Attachment, Disorganization, and Dissociation......Page 58 3 Memory and Attentional Processes in Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Review of the Empirical Literature......Page 82 4 Relationships Between Dissociation and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder......Page 104 5 Perceptual Processing and Traumatic Stress: Contributions From Hypnosis......Page 130 Part II: Neurobiology of Traumaand Dissociation......Page 146 6 Translational Research Issues in Dissociation......Page 148 7 Neuroendocrine Markers of Early Trauma: Implications for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders......Page 166 8 Symptoms of Dissociation in Healthy Military Populations: Why and How Do War Fighters Differ in Responses to Intense Stress?......Page 184 9 Peritraumatic Dissociation: Time Perception and Cerebellar Regulation of Psychological, Interpersonal, and Biological Processes......Page 208 10 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Provocation and Neuroimaging: Heterogeneity of Response......Page 218 11 Psychobiology of Traumatization and Trauma-Related Structural Dissociation of the Personality......Page 246 Part III: Contemporary Implications for Assessment and Treatment......Page 264 12 Psychiatric Approaches to Dissociation: Integrating History, Biology, and Clinical Assessment......Page 266 13 Psychological Assessment of Posttraumatic Dissociation......Page 286 14 Dissociative Identity Disorder: Issues in the Iatrogenesis Controversy......Page 302 15 Applications of Innate Affect Theory to the Understanding and Treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder......Page 328 16 Trauma, Dissociation, and Impulse Dyscontrol: Lessons From the Eating Disorders Field......Page 344 17 Treatment of Traumatic Dissociation......Page 360 Afterword......Page 380 A......Page 384 B......Page 385 C......Page 386 D......Page 387 E......Page 389 G......Page 390 I......Page 391 M......Page 392 P......Page 393 R......Page 395 S......Page 396 T......Page 398 Y......Page 399 The relationship between trauma and dissociation : a historical analysis / Martin J. Dorahy and Onno Van der Hart Attachment, disorganization, and dissociation / Dorith Harari ... [et al.] Memory and attentional processes in dissociative identity disorder : a review of the empirical literature / Martin J. Dorahy and Rafaële J.C. Huntjens Relationships between dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder / Daphne Simeon Perceptual processing and traumatic stress : contributions from hypnosis / Eric Vermetten and David Spiegel Translational research issues in dissociation / Christian Schmahl and Martin Bohus Neuroendocrine markers of early trauma : implications for posttraumatic stress disorders / E. Ronald de Kloet and Thomas Rinne Symptoms of dissociation in healthy military populations : why and how do war fighters differ in responses to intense stress? / C. Andrew Morgan III ... [et al.] Peritraumatic dissociation : time perception and cerebellar regulation of psychological, interpersonal, and biological processes / Robert J. Ursano, Carol S. Fullerton, and David M. Benedek Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom provocation and neuroimaging : heterogeneity of response / Ruth A. Lanius, Robin Bluhm, and Ulrich Lanius Psychobiology of traumatization and trauma-related structural dissociation of the personality / Ellert R.S. Nijenhuis and Johan A. den Boer Psychiatric approaches to dissociation : integrating history, biology, and clinical assessment / J. Douglas Bremner and Eric Vermetten Psychological assessment of posttraumatic dissociation / John Briere and Judith Armstrong Dissociative identity disorder : issues in the iatrogenesis controversy / Richard J. Loewenstein Applications of innate affect theory to the understanding and treatment of dissociative identity disorder / Richard P. Kluft Trauma, dissociation, and impulse dyscontrol : lessons from the eating disorders field / Johan Vanderlinden, Walter Vandereycken, and Laurence Claes Treatment of traumatic dissociation / James A. Chu Traumatic Neurobiology and Treatment offers an advanced introduction to this symptom, process, and pattern of personality organization seen in several trauma-related disorders, including acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and the dissociative disorders. The authors track the condition from its earliest historical conceptualization to its most recent neurobiological understanding to show that greater insight into traumatic dissociation can be obtained from clinical progress in treatment models and strategies. Useful as a clinical reference or as ancillary textbook, this work reorganizes phenomenological observations that have been previously been overlooked, misunderstood, or neglected in traditional training. Bringing together for the first time theoretical, cognitive, and neurobiological perspectives on traumatic dissociation, this volume is designed to provide both empirical and therapeutic insights into traumatic dissociation. Opening chapters examine historical, conceptual, and theoretical issues and how other fields, such as cognitive psychology, have been applied to the study of traumatic dissociation. The following section focuses specifically on how neurobiological investigations have deepened our understanding of dissociation. Concluding chapters explore issues pertinent to the assessment and treatment of traumatic dissociation. Key issues covered include the interacting effects of traumatic experience, developmental history, neurobiological function, and specific vulnerabilities to dissociative processes that underlie the occurrence of traumatic dissociation. Traumatic Dissociation offers an advanced introduction to the symptom, process, and pattern of personality organization seen in several trauma-related disorders, including acute stress disorder, PTSD, and the dissociative disorders. The authors track the condition from its earliest historical conceptualization to its most recent neurobiological understanding to show that greater insight into traumatic dissociation can be obtained from clinical progress in treatment models and strategies