Translingual Words: An East Asian Lexical Encounter With English (routledge Studies In East Asian Translation)

__Translingual Words__is a detailed case study on lexical integration, or mediation, occurring between East Asian languages and English(es).In Part I, specific examples from global linguistic corpora are used to discuss the issues involved in lexical interaction between East Asia and the English-speaking world. Part II explores the spread of East Asian words in English, while Part III discusses English words which can be found in East Asian languages.Translingual Words presents a novel approach on hybrid words by challenging the orthodox ideas on lexical borrowing and explaining the dynamic growth of new words based on translingualism and transculturalism. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Series Page 3 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 Acknowledgements 7 Part I 8 Birth of translingual words 8 Tracing words’ lives: methodology 9 Notes 11 1 Foreign words: aliens and denizens? 12 Foreign-origin words in the OED: really English? 13 Foreign words are now common 14 Colonialism in lexical interaction 15 Lexical interaction in the digital age 16 Spreading words through social media 16 Native words vs. foreign words in a multilingual era 17 Complex identity of words: beyond borrowing and loanwords 19 Whose words? Mediations in translingual journeys 19 Threats or assets 20 Why do foreign words keep increasing? 21 Notes 22 2 Hybrid words: anomalies? 23 Hybrid words are now common 23 Prejudices against hybrid words 25 An anomaly? An incorrect word? 27 Hybrid words are the best linguistic currency in a multilingual and cultural society 28 Hybrid words are the future of our lexicon 30 Notes 30 3 Subcultural words: peripheral words? 32 Subcultural words and social media 32 Korean subcultural words 33 Japanese subcultural words 38 Notes 39 4 Translingual words 40 Translingual words within the global lexicon 40 Driving forces of translingual words 42 Multiple forms, meanings, and identities 43 Identities of translingual words 46 Translingual words and translanguaging 48 Explaining lexical choices: communicability, expressivity, and stylistic variations 53 Note 57 Part II 58 East Asian words in English 58 5 First arrivals 60 Asian-origin words in the OED 60 Japanese words in the OED 62 Chinese words in the OED 63 Socio-political influence on lexical borrowing from Chinese to English 63 Martial arts, arts/crafts, and food words are the expressway to enter the English language 64 Defining East Asian words 66 Notes 68 6 Settlement 70 Culinary words 70 History of the word tea 73 Philosophical terms 74 Culture-specific regional items 76 Another route: East Asian words through Southeast Asian Englishes 76 Notes 80 7 Stylistic variations 82 Register variation: dictionaries, newspapers, magazines, and beyond 83 Case study 1: Asian origin words outside of an Asian context in The Times 84 Case study 2: Japanese and Korean alcohol terms in the New York Times 85 Case study 3: East Asian origin words in The Economist since 1997 86 Orthographical variation due to Romanisation 89 Special treatment 93 Attitudes towards East Asian words: British university students’ perspective 94 Notes 95 Part III 98 English words in East Asian languages 98 Note 98 8 Directly-imported English words 100 Linguistic landscape shift: from Chinese to English 100 Japanese path 101 The Chinese and Korean path 102 Coping with a new world and new words: translation, transliteration, and collaboration 103 Infrastructure words: from science/technology to everywhere 104 The motivation for using English words 106 Ways of using and re-making other’s words 109 People’s attitudes towards directly-imported English words 110 The attitude of National Language Institutes in Japan and Korea 111 Mainland China’s English – since the Opening and Reform in 1978 112 The case of Taiwan 115 Changing demographics 118 Notes 118 9 Locally-made English words 120 Types of word making: hybridity in word formation 121 Web- and -net words 123 Brainwash and Walkman 124 Derivation, clipping, and blending 125 Prosodic adaptation 126 Chinese-born English words 126 New word syndrome: thriving despite prejudices 129 Different forms: no inflection in Korean English 130 Same forms, but different meanings 131 Lifestyle words in Korean: wellbeing, LOHAS, and healing 131 Notes 134 10 Global words 135 Food words 135 Fashion and cosmetic words 137 Socio-cultural words 139 Foreign branding 140 Word making as an international, collaborative enterprise 149 Notes 153 Bibliography 154 Index 159 Translingual Words is a detailed case study on lexical integration, or mediation, occurring between East Asian languages and English(es). In Part I, specific examples from global linguistic corpora are used to discuss the issues involved in lexical interaction between East Asia and the English-speaking world. Part II explores the spread of East Asian words in English, while Part III discusses English words which can be found in East Asian languages. Translingual Words presents a novel approach on hybrid words by challenging the orthodox ideas on lexical borrowing and explaining the dynamic growth of new words based on translingualism and transculturalism.