Transitions to Capitalism in Early Modern Europe: Economies in the Era of Early Globalization, c. 1450 – c. 1820 (New Approaches to European History, Series Number 60)

"Between the end of the Middle Ages and the early nineteenth century, the long-established structures and practices of European trade, agriculture, and industry were disparately but profoundly transformed. Revised, updated, and expanded, this second edition of Transitions to Capitalism in Early Modern Europe narrates and analyses the diverse trends that greatly enlarged European commerce, permanently modified rural and urban production, gave birth to new social classes, remade consumer habits, and altered global economic geographies, culminating in capitalist industrial revolution. Broad in chronological and geographical scope and explicitly comparative, Robert S. DuPlessis' book introduces readers to a wealth of information drawn from throughout Eastern, Western and Mediterranean Europe, as well as to classic interpretations, current debates, new scholarship, and suggestions for further reading."-- Provided by publisher Transitions to Capitalism in Early Modern Europe: Economies in the Era of Early Globalization, c. 1450–c. 1820 4 Contents 6 List of Figures, Maps, Tables, and Graph 8 Preface 12 Part I 24 1 Issues and Interpretations 26 Suggested Reading 33 2 European Economies on the Eve of Globalization 36 Agrarian Structures and Relations 37 Peasants and Lords 37 Commercialization without Capitalism 42 Industrial Organization and Trends 47 Mobility and Innovation 48 Work Sites and Corporate Institutions 52 Production Relations and Working Conditions 57 Commercial Practices and Participants 61 Routes and Goods 62 Techniques and Traders 66 Opportunities and Constraints 69 Suggested Reading 70 Part II: Introduction: The Long Sixteenth Century 74 3 Goods and People on the Move 76 Global Routes and American Colonies Established 78 Globally Exchanged Goods 81 Trade Structures and Participants 92 European Networks: From Antwerp to Amsterdam 102 Impacts and Results 107 Suggested Reading 111 4 The Limits of Agricultural Growth 114 Agricultures New and Old 115 The Mediterranean Basin 115 Western Europe 125 East Elbia 146 Growth and Development 151 Suggested Reading 153 5 Industrial Tradition and Innovation 156 Trends and Causes 156 Redrawing the Industrial Map 161 Mediterranean Europe 161 East Elbia 167 Western Europe 169 Accounting for Industrial Advance 186 Artisans, Merchants, Verlegers 186 Artisans under Pressure 187 Industrial Strategies 189 Entrepreneurial Initiatives 198 Suggested Reading 199 Part III: Introduction: From Seventeenth-century Crisis to Long Eighteenth Century 202 Suggested Reading 206 6 Commerce, Capital, Consumption 208 Intercontinental Trade: Transformations and Divergences 209 Asian Commerce: Companies and Changing Commodities 211 A New Atlantic System 223 Intra-European Exchange: Hegemony at Home 235 Marketing to Consumers 243 Trade and Transformation 245 Suggested Reading 252 7 Agriculture: Divergence, Development, Disappointment 255 Little Divergences 255 East Elbia 255 Mediterranean Europe 260 Western Europe 270 Agrarian Trends, Initiatives, and Implications 295 Suggested Reading 296 8 Proto-industry to Early Industrial Revolution 298 Demand and Industrial Change 299 States and Industrial Change 306 Proto-industry and Proto-factory 309 Technology and Industrial Change 321 Varieties of Uneven Industrialization 324 East Elbia and Scandinavia 324 Mediterranean Europe 328 Western Europe 335 Proto-industry and Industrial Revolution 361 Suggested Reading 365 9 Transitions 368 Appendix A: Population 372 Appendix B: Urbanization 373 Appendix C.1: Slave Shipments by Date 374 Appendix C.2: Slave Shipments by Nation 375 Appendix C.3: Slave Disembarkations by Region 376 Index 377 Revised, updated and expanded, this second edition of Robert S. DuPlessis' bestselling account of European economic development from the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution analyzes agrarian, industrial, and commercial structures and practices within a global context, introducing classic interpretations, current debates and new scholarship.