Transcultural Approaches To The Concept Of Imperial Rule In The Middle Ages Transcultural Approaches To Imperial Rule In The Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, rulers from different regions aspired to an idea of imperial hegemony. On the other hand, there were rulers who deliberately refused to be «emperors», although their reign showed characteristics of imperial rule. The contributions in this volume ask for the reasons why some rulers such as Charlemagne strove for imperial titles, whereas others voluntarily shrank from them. They also look at the characteristics of and rituals connected to imperial rule as well as to the way Medieval empires saw themselves. Thus, the authors in this volume adopt a transcultural perspective, covering Western, Eastern, Northern and Southern Europe, Byzantium and the Middle East. Furthermore, they go beyond the borders of Christianity by including various caliphates and Islamic «hegemonic» rulers like Saladin. Cover 1 Table of Contents 7 Transcultural Approaches to the Concept of Imperial Rule in the Middle Ages: Introduction (Christian Scholl / Torben R. Gebhardt / Jan Clauß) 9 Imitatio Imperii? Elements of Imperial Rule in the Barbarian Successor States of the Roman West (Christian Scholl) 21 Introduction 21 Reasons for the imitation of Imperial rule 23 Imperial elements adopted by the Barbarian rulers 24 Imperial elements not adopted by the Barbarian rulers 34 Conclusion 39 Barbarian Emperors? Aspects of the Byzantine Perception of the qaghan (chaganos) in the Earlier Middle Ages (Sebastian Kolditz) 43 Imports and Embargos of Imperial Concepts in the Frankish Kingdom. The Promotion of Charlemagne’s Imperial Coronation in Carolingian Courtly Culture (Jan Clauß) 79 Introduction: Charlemagne’s Imperial Coronation and its Early Medieval Context 79 Charlemagne’s Imperial Coronation – Expression of a Changed Topography of Power 87 Carolingian Power and Cultural Politics 91 Theodulf of Orléans as an Arbiter of Frankish Imperial Concepts 98 Conclusion 117 How to Become Emperor – John VIII and the Role of the Papacy in the 9th Century (Simon Groth) 119 Imperial Aspirations in Provence and Burgundy (Jessika Nowak) 141 Family ties and Carolingian background 147 Patrimony, possessions and bonds in the Regnum Italiae 149 Relationship with the Papacy 152 The conception of kingship in Provence and Burgundy 154 From Bretwalda to Basileus: Imperial Concepts in Late Anglo-Saxon England? (Torben R. Gebhardt) 159 The Caliphates between Imperial Rule and Imagined Suzerainty – A Case Study on Imperial Rituals during Saladin’s Rise to Power (Nadeem Khan) 187 1. Introduction 187 2. Empire – A definition 188 a) Internal aspects 188 b) External aspects 189 c) Dynastical aspects 189 3. The caliphates 190 a) The Rāšidūn Caliphate 190 b) The Umayyād Caliphate 192 c) The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate 194 d) The Fāṭimid Caliphate 199 Summary 203 4. Symbolic communication and rituals 204 a) Bayʿa 206 b) Ḫuṭba 207 c) Sikka 207 d) Ḫilʿa 208 Summary 209 5. Saladin 209 a) A family in service of the Zengids 210 b) Saladin’s beginnings in Egypt 211 c) Saladin between two caliphs 213 d) Tensions between Nūr ad-Dīn and Saladin 214 e) Ayyūbid expansion and stabilization 215 f) The culmination of Saladin’s rise to power 217 Summary 219 6. Conclusion 220 Von verlorenen Hufeisen und brennenden Nüssen – Über Konflikte im Rahmen des „diplomatischen“ Zeremoniells des byzantinischen Kaiserhofes (Tobias Hoffmann) 223 Byzantium – Rome – Denmark – Iceland: Dealing with Imperial Concepts in the North (Roland Scheel) 247 The semantics of keisari, imperator and imperium 253 Compounds containing keisari 257 Imperium and imperator 259 The Translation of Empire and its semantic renouncement 264 Rex imperio dignus – rex imperator in regno suo 271 Scandinavians and Byzantine Emperors 281 The Semantics of Byzantium 289 Conclusion 294 Intoxication with Virtuality. French Princes and Aegean Titles (Stefan Burkhardt) 297 Imperiale Konzepte in der mittelalterlichen Historiographie Polens vom 12. bis zum 15. Jahrhundert (Grischa Vercamer) 323 1. Diskurs der Herkunft: 360 2. Diskurs des ‚Pan-Slawismus‘ und des Hegemonie-Anspruchs der Polen: 361 3. Diskurs der passiven und reagierenden Herrschaftsausbreitung: 361 4. Diskurs des Freiheitsgedankens: 362 5. Diskurs der herrscherlichen Demut und Einfachheit: 363 6. Diskurs der Zurückweisung ‚imperialer Aggressoren‘: 365 7. Der Diskurs der Staatsgründung: 366 8. Diskurs des Namens: 366 Fazit: 367 List of Contributors 369 Index of Names and Places 371 Index of Names 371 Index of Places 379 Christian Scholl, Torben R. Gebhardt, Jan Clauß (Münster) / Transcultural Approaches to the Concept of Imperial Rule in the Middle Ages: Introduction 7 Christian Scholl (Münster) / Imitatio Imperii? Elements of Imperial Rule in the Barbarian Successor States of the Roman West 19 Sebastian Kolditz (Heidelberg) / Barbarian Emperors? Aspects of the Byzantine Perception of the qaghan ("chaganos") in the Earlier Middle Ages 41 Jan Clauß (Münster) / Imports and Embargos of Imperial Concepts in the Frankish Kingdom. The Promotion of Charlemagne’s Imperial Coronation in Carolingian Courtly Culture 77 Simon Groth (Frankfurt am Main) / How to Become Emperor – John VIII and the Role of the Papacy in the 9th Century 117 Jessika Nowak (Frankfurt am Main/Freiburg) / Imperial Aspirations in Provence and Burgundy 139 Torben R. Gebhardt (Münster) / From Bretwalda to Basileus: Imperial Concepts in Late Anglo-Saxon England? 157 Nadeem Khan (Münster) / The Caliphates between Imperial Rule and Imagined Suzerainty – A Case Study on Imperial Rituals during Saladin’s Rise to Power 185 Tobias Hoffmann (Münster) / Von verlorenen Hufeisen und brennenden Nüssen – Über Konflikte im Rahmen des "diplomatischen" Zeremoniells des byzantinischen Kaiserhofes 221 Roland Scheel (Göttingen) / Byzantium – Rome – Denmark – Iceland: Dealing with Imperial Concepts in the North 245 Stefan Burkhardt (Heidelberg) / Intoxication with Virtuality. French Princes and Aegean Titles 295 Grischa Vercamer (Berlin) / Imperiale Konzepte in der mittelalterlichen Historiographie Polens vom 12. bis zum 15. Jahrhundert 321 List of Contributors 367 Index of Names and Places 369 "The volume examines imperial rule in the Middle Ages. It asks for the characteristics of imperial leadership as well as the reasons why some rulers strove for imperial titles such as emperor whereas others voluntarily shrank from them. Thus, the authors adopt a transcultural perspective, covering Europe, Byzantium and the Islamic Middle East" ... Provided by publisher