Transcending Borders in Tourism Through Innovation and Cultural Heritage: 8th International Conference, IACuDiT, Hydra, Greece, 2021 (Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics)

This book features the proceedings of the 8th International Conference of the International Association of Cultural and Digital Tourism (IACuDiT). Held on the Hydra Island in Greece in September 2021, the conference's lead theme was “Transcending Borders in Tourism through Innovation and Cultural Heritage”. Highlighting the contributions made by numerous writers to the advancement of tourism research, this book presents a critical academic discourse evolving tourism products and services. It also deals with strategies that help stimulate economic innovation and growth, and promote knowledge transfer. Selected chapters also deal with innovation, creativity, and change management in all aspects of tourism, culture, and heritage. A crucial focus is also placed on embracing ICT as a powerful development tool along with strategies and campaigns for smart tourism. It offers numerous examples from the whole spectrum of cultural and heritage tourism, including art, innovations in museum interpretation and collections management, cross-cultural visions, gastronomy, film tourism, dark tourism, sports tourism, and wine tourism. Editorial Contents The Role of Tourism in Sustainable Development Spatial Analysis of Cultural Resources and Their Contribution to the Sustainable Tourism Development of Greece 1 Introduction 2 Factors of Sustainable Development in Tourism 3 Globally Sustainable Tourism Criteria 4 Methodology and Data of the Research 4.1 Pattern Recognition 4.2 Talc Growth Coefficients’ Calculation 4.3 Multivariate Regression Analysis 4.4 Correlation Filtering 4.5 Auxiliary-Rates Filtering 4.6 Tabulation 5 Conclusions References Tourists’ Willingness to Pay for Environmental and Sociocultural Sustainability in Destinations: Underlying Factors and the Effect of Age 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Instrument Development 3.2 Data Collection Procedures 4 Results 4.1 The Underlying Dimensions of Willingness to Pay and Sustainability Attitudes 4.2 The Effect of Age 5 Conclusion 5.1 Theoretical and Practical Contributions 5.2 Limitations and Future Research References Drivers of Value Creation in An Ecotourist Destination: Disentangling the Links that Tie Travellers’ Motivations and the Destination’s Image 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review and Hypothesis 3 Sample and Method 4 Results 5 Discussion and Conclusions References Improving Positivity Towards Nature Conservation: Cases of Local Communities Bordering Protected Areas in South Africa 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review: Beneficiation 3 Research Design and Methodology 4 Results and Discussion: Improving Positive Attitudes Towards Dinokeng, Mkhambathi and Phinda 4.1 Main Findings from Each Case 4.2 Khanyayo Community Neighbouring Mkhambathi Nature Reserve (MNR) 4.3 Mnqobokazi Community Bordering Phinda Private Game Reserve (PPGR) 5 Conclusion and Recommendations References Committed and Non-committed Policy Regimes in a Sequential Mixed Hotel Duopoly 1 Introduction and Literature Review 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Evaluating Economic Sustainability of Nautical Tourism Through Brand Equity and Corporate Performance 1 Introduction 2 Brand Equity, Corporate Performance, and Economic Sustainability 3 Data Sources and Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Regional Policy Implications References Segmenting the Generation Z Cohort Based on Evaluation of Hotel’s Environmental Policy 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Discussion—Conclusion References COVID-19 as a ‘Policy Window’ for Promoting a Green Recovery and Transformation of the Air Transport and Tourism Sectors: Is It High Time We Sailed the Turbulent Streams While the Wind is Still Blowing? 1 Introduction 2 Literature review 3 Methodology 4 Results—Discussion 5 Conclusion References Exploring Indirect Environmental Risks That Impact Coral Reef Tourism in the East African Marine Ecoregion 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Climate Change and Coral Reefs 2.2 Coastal Development and Coral Reefs 3 Study Area and Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Biographical Information 4.2 Overall Context of Environmental Risks 4.3 Comparative Analysis of Indirect Environmental Risks 5 Conclusion and Reflections References Creating Alternative Flagships: Case Study of the Salt Pond of Angelochori, Greece 1 Introduction 2 Culture—Space—Place 3 Identity and Reputation of a Place 4 Sustainable Development 5 Case Study 5.1 Methodology 6 Profile: The Municipality of Thermaikos 7 The Guard’s House: A Landscape, a Deserted House, an Idea That Became a Landmark 7.1 The Salt Pond of Angelochori 7.2 The Salt Pond’s Guard House 8 Findings 8.1 Benefits of Mild Human Internation on Nature 9 The Alternative Flagship 9.1 European Maritime Days and Their Connection to the Guard’s House 10 Conclusions References Tourism—Catalyst for Regional Development Does Tourism Contribute to Balanced Regional Development? Evidence from Greece 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Are Tourism Ventures Included in Business Accelerators Fulfilling Their Financial Expectations? 1 Introduction 2 Measuring the Performance of Start-Ups 3 Business Accelerators in Stimulating the Performance of New Companies 4 Research Methodology 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusions References A Targeted Multi-parameter Approach of Greek Start-Ups, Related to Tourism, Culture, and Leisure 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Method 4 Research Results 5 Conclusions and Suggestions References The Strategy of Tourism Products Complementarity in Destination Promotion: Eurocity Chaves-Verín 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Exploring Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Hotel Design 1 Introduction 2 Considerations on Hotel Design 2.1 Hotel Design Parameters 2.2 Parameters of Current Hotel Design in Athens 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Are DMOs the Key to Developing Business Tourism in South Africa and Africa? 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusion References The Visitor in Slovak Rural Tourism in Turbulent Times 1 Introduction—Rural Tourism in the Conditions of Slovakia 2 Literature Review—The Visitor in Rural Tourism 3 Methodology 4 Results—Consumer Buying Behaviour and Changes of Visitor Attendance in Rural Tourism in Slovakia 5 Conclusion References Accessibility as a Competitive Advantage of a Tourism Destination—Opportunities for Slovakia 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Aviation Industry Crisis Management: Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic in Athens International Airport Environment 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Conclusion, Capitalize the First Letter of Every Word in the Title References Smuggling Routes as a Valuable Asset for Tourism Development in Cross-Border Regions 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Digital Transformation of Tourism Smart Tourism Technologies: How Effective Are They for Millennial Tourists? 1 Introduction 2 The Tourism Market Segment of Millenials 3 Technological Solutions and Capabilities of Smart Tourism Technologies (STT) 4 Survey: Identifying the Impact of STT in the Millennials’ Tourism Market Segment 5 Conclusions References Exploring Collective Memories in a Smart City Environment 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 The System 3.1 Architecture 3.2 Users 3.3 Databases 3.4 Services 4 Case Study 4.1 A Contributor Adds Stories About CmPOIs 4.2 A Specialist Creates a Thematic Route Using the Desktop Interface 4.3 A Visitor Uses the App for a Tour 5 Evaluation 6 Dissuasion and Conclusion References Robots on the Tourist Industry—A Review for Future Research Directions 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Literature Review 3.1 The Role of Robots in Today’s World 3.2 The Use of Robots in Tourist Industry 3.3 Examination of the Current Literature 4 Conclusion References Computational Methods for Evaluating Web Technologies and Digital Marketing Techniques in the Hospitality Industry 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Design—Methods 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Tourism’s Use of Web-Based Information Systems and the Influence of Tourism Trends 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Design Methods 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References An Investigation of the Acceptance and Success of Web Conferencing Technologies in Tourism Higher Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 Online Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic 2.2 The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) 2.3 The Information System Success Model (ISSM) 2.4 Research Questions and Hypothesis 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Design 3.2 Object 3.3 Data Collection Method 3.4 Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Profile of the Respondents 4.2 Online Education During the Pandemic 4.3 Research Hypotheses 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions, Limitations, Future Work References Expectations and Preferences of Couchsurfing Participants 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Analysis of Expectations and Preferences of Couchsurfing Participants 5 Conclusion References The Management of Conferences and Business Events in Periods of Crisis. The New Digital Paradigm 1 Introduction 2 Types of Conferences and Meetings 3 Digital Applications in Conferences and Meetings 4 Meetings Industry and COVID-19 5 Research Aims and Methodology 6 Results 7 Conclusion References The Virtual Truth Versus the Real Image of the Museums. Method to Analyse Virtual Visits to Museums 1 Introduction 2 Methodological Development for the Analysis of Virtual Visits to Museums 2.1 Definition of a Tool for the Analysis of Virtual Visit and Its Identifiers 3 Results 4 Discussions and Conclusions Appendix References Cultural Heritage Tourism Local Culture Festivals and Sustainable Tourism Development in Mountain Areas. The Region of Epirus, Greece 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Festivals and Social Media 2.2 Mountain Areas 3 Study Area 4 Methodology 5 Research Results 5.1 Classification of Local Culture Festivals 5.2 Local Culture Festival Networking 6 Conclusions References Funds Cutback an Inhibitor Factor in Operating an Adequate Cultural Policy of the Country/Greece 1 Introduction 2 Cultural Identity–Cultural Image 3 The Cultural Present of Greece 4 Challenges in Greece 5 The Financing of Cultural Policy (2012–2015) 6 The Financing of Cultural Policy (2017–2020) 7 Graphs of Total Funds from National and Community Funds (Own Processing) 8 Graphs of Total Funds from Community Funds (Own Processing) 9 Implicit Problems Related to Cultural Policy 10 Our Suggestions 11 Conclusions References A Quantitative Comparative Analysis of Residents’ Attitudes Towards Cultural Events in Greece 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Theoretical Background of the Research 2.2 Objectives of the Research 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 Demographic Profile of Respondents 4.2 Cluster Analysis 4.3 Correlation 5 Conclusion 6 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research References Conceptualization and Development of Cultural-Literary Routes 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Visitors at Heritage Sites: From the Motivation to Visit to the Genesis of Destination Affective Loyalty 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Analysis of the Socio-cultural Projects Carried Out in Spain by the FLAGs 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Geomapping. Cultural Enhancement Practices of the Jabel Shams and Jabel Akdhar Mountains in Oman 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 Tourism and New Heritage 4.2 Sustainable Luxury Tourism and Glamping 5 Conclusion References Determinants of Travellers’a Interest in Creative Tourism 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Travellers’ Openness and Interest in Creative Tourism 4.1 Description of Sample 4.2 Travellers’ Profile as Tourism Consumers 4.3 Openness and Interest in Creative Tourism 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Paused Renaissance: Factors Affecting the Athens Byzantine and Christian Museum Branding 1 Introduction—Setting the Context 2 The Major Transformation of the B&CMoA Core Activities: From Mausoleum to a Modern Museum 2.1 Reflection and Critiques on the Permanent Exhibition Updates 2.2 Greek Crisis and Pandemic: The VUCA Period 2.3 After the Decade-Long Crisis: A Critical View of B&CMoA’s Peripheral Services 3 Results—Proposed Actions and Guidelines Through the Service-Dominant Logic and Value Co-creation Lenses 4 Conclusion References Sustainable Tourism and Cultural Routes in the Ionian and Adriatic Regions 1 Introduction 2 Geographical Definition and Environmental Characteristics 3 Economic, Social and Cultural Characteristics 4 Tourist Development 5 Lighthouses and Lighthouse Tourism in Greece 6 Cultural Route of Traditional Stone Lighthouses along the Ionian Sea 7 Identification of the Route 8 Management and Marketing Plan of the Route 9 Conclusion References Customer Behaviour in Tourism Consumer Behavior and Cognitive Factors in Relation to Gastronomic Tourism and Destination Marketing in Greece 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Gastronomy Concept 2.2 Gastronomic Tourism 2.3 Gastronomic Tourist Profile 2.4 Consumer Behavior and Gastronomic Tourism 2.5 Gastronomic Tourist and Cognition (Decision-Making) 2.6 Destination Marketing Concept-Context 2.7 Gastronomic Tourism in Greece 3 Research Design—Methods 3.1 Purpose of the Research 3.2 Research Questions 4 Results 4.1 Sample Characteristics 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Neuromarketing as an Indicator of Cognitive Consumer Behavior in Decision-Making Process of Tourism destination—An Overview 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Importance of Neuroscience in Tourism 4 Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuromarketing—History and Implications 5 Neuroscientific Methods of Neuromarketing in Tourism 6 Consumer Behavior in Tourism Destination 7 Decision-Making in Tourism Destination 8 Discussion 9 Conclusion References Tourists’ and Employees’ Psychology in the Framework of Strategic Management in Greek Tourism 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Design—Methods 3.1 Tourist Survey Results 3.2 Employee Survey Results 4 Conclusion 5 Future Research References Approaches to Tourism Motivation Focusing on Acropolis Museum Visitors 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusions Appendix 1: Questionnaire Appendix 2: Frequency Table—Country of Origin Appendix 3: Nonparametric Tests—One Sample Appendix 4: ANOVA Tests, Robust Tests of Equality of Means and Nonparametric Tests as Regards Age Appendix 5: ANOVA Tests, Robust Tests of Equality of Means and Nonparametric Tests as Regards Education References The Development Prospects of Sports Dance Events in Greece 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Methodology 4 Findings 5 Conclusions References The Road to a Tourist’s Heart is Through Their Stomach: Exploring Culinary Tourist Motivation in Zimbabwe 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusion 6 Contributions References Sequential Quality Competition in the Restaurant Industry: Effects of Restaurants’ Reputation 1 Introduction and Literature Review 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Sport Venues Evolving to Tourism and Hospitality Giants? Proof of Dynamic Tendency 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Considerations 2.1 Framing the Contemporary Sport Venue Role 2.2 Marketing Contemporary Sport Venues 3 Methodology 4 Evidencing the Competition Venues’ Transformation to Hospitality Platforms 4.1 Olympic Recognition of Sport and Venue Hospitality Potential 4.2 Venue Case Studies Proving Tourism and Hospitality Potential 5 Concluding Remarks References Photographs in Tourism Destination Management Research in the Post-COVID-19 Era 1 Introduction 1.1 The Importance of Photography for Tourist Destinations 1.2 Creating Emotions by Capturing or Seeing Travel and Tourist Photos 1.3 Appearance of COVID-19. Consequences for Tourist Destinations—Change of Emotions 1.4 Expectations of Tourist Destinations Through the Promotion of Photos After the Pandemic COVID-19 2 Case Study Area 2.1 Research Methodology 2.2 Results 2.3 Discussion 2.4 Conclusions and Recommendations References COVID-19 Pandemic and High Health Risk as a New Controlling Force of Travel Motivation and Tourism Chain Value 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review, Capitalize the First Letter of Every Word in the Title 2.1 Travel and Risks 2.2 Travel and Motivation 3 Conceptual Model and Research Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Porto: Literary Tourism in Pandemic Times 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Tourism and its Vulnerabilities 2.2 The Importance of Internal Tourism 2.3 Internal Tourism Versus Literary Tourism 3 Literary Tourism in Porto 4 Destination Porto: The Tourist Itineraries as Proposals of Literary Tourism 5 Conclusions References Emoji Use in Research about Tourism and Recreational Activities Preferences for Children with Disabilities 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Emoji 2.2 Emoji and People with Disabilities 2.3 Purpose of the Study 3 Methodology 3.1 Sample 3.2 Questionnaire 3.3 Process 3.4 Data Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Demographics 4.2 Leisure Tourism in the Last Three years 4.3 Type of Disability 4.4 Frequency of Participation 4.5 Reasons to Participate in the Game 4.6 Type of Activity According to Children 4.7 Type of Activity According to Their Parents 4.8 Influence of Education on the Evaluation of the Characteristics of Services Provided in Sports and Leisure Activities 5 Conclusion References Development and Impact of Social Media in Tourism Instagram: The Travelogue for Generation Z’s Travellers. The Impact that Influencers and Content Creators Leave Through Their Generated Content 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction to Social Media and the Rise of Instagram 2.2 Introducing Instagram 2.3 The Hidden Life of a Travel Influencer 2.4 Instagram Versus Reality 2.5 Changing Individuals’ Travel Behaviour through the Exposure of Travel Influencers’ Generated Content 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Gathering 3.2 Age Bracket in Discussion 4 Analysis and Results 4.1 What Do People Think? 4.2 Using Instagram as a Travelogue 4.3 Destination Choice 4.4 The Reliability and Power of the Source 4.5 Do it for the ‘Gram 4.6 Final Commentary by the Participants 4.7 Concluding Remarks 5 Conclusions and Recommendations References Predictive SEO for Tourism Websites Through Transformer Keyword Identification 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Popular Keyword Planning Strategies Today 4 Defining Transformer Keywords 5 Transformer Keyword Identification Algorithm 6 Transformer Keyword Lifespan 7 Putting the Transformer Keyword Concept to Work 8 Targeting “after Season” Transformer Keyword Searches 9 Quality Score Implications 10 Limitations and Future Research Agenda 11 Conclusions References Lock Me Again: The Influence of Escape Room Experiences on Visitors’ Loyalty Intentions 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Hypothesis 4 Research Design and Sample 5 Results 6 Implications 7 Limitations and Further Research References Food Sharing in COVID-19 Era: Demand for Hospitality Services Provided via EatWith 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Age and Its Impact on Willingness to Consume Hospitality Services Based on Sharing Economy 4.2 Motivating and Demotivating Factors of Demand for Hospitality Services Provided on Sharing Economy Principles 4.3 Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Demand for Services Provided on EatWith Platform 5 Conclusion References Comparison of Memorable Tourist Experiences Based on Collections of Reviews from Trip Advisor: Acropolis of Athens and Royal Alcazar of Seville 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results, Findings, and Discussions 5 Conclusion, Limitations, and Further Studies References Online Food Ordering and Delivery Applications: An Empirical Study of the Factors Affecting Intention to Reuse 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Quality of Application 2.2 Food Delivery Application Quality of Services 3 Methodology 3.1 Sample and Data Collection 3.2 Measurement 4 Results 4.1 Online Food Delivery Application Use 4.2 Data Analysis 5 Discussion and Conclusion References Exploring Tourists’ Food and Beverage Spots in an Urban Destination Using a Spatial–temporal Approach 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Experimental Setup 3.2 Experiments 4 Results 5 Discussion References Communication Responses to COVID-19 from Tourism Stakeholders: The Bottom-Up Digital Campaign “Open Sardinia” 1 Introduction 2 Disaster Management Collaboration and Social Media Implementations in Tourism 3 Methodology, Methods and Data Collection 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Digital Tourist Marketing: The Latest Developments and Recommendations on How Mykonos Can Take Advantage of Digital and Influencer Marketing 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Literature Review 3.1 The Evolution and Popularity of Digital Media 3.2 Social Media Marketing 4 The Use of Social Media by a Tourist Destination 5 Τhe Latest Development on Social Media and Tourism; The Role of Instagram and Influencers 6 Suggestions On How Mykonos Can Improve Its Online Presence 7 Conclusion References Virtual Τourism/Virtual Reality and Technology Use: Applications and Implications for Religious and Pilgrimage Tourism. The Case of Greece 1 Introduction 2 Definition and Content of Cultural/Religious Heritage 2.1 Tangible Cultural Heritage 2.2 Intangible Cultural/Religious Heritage 3 Religious Heritage as a Sector of Tourism 4 Promoting Religious/Pilgrimage Tourism Through the Digitisation and Online Accessibility of Cultural–Religious Resources 5 EU’s Digital Cultural Heritage Policy 6 Greek Policy and Initiatives in the Area of Digitisation of Cultural–Religious Sector 6.1 The Virtual Byzantine and Christian Museum of Athens 6.2 The Foundation of the Hellenic World 6.3 Religious Heritage in the Digital Public Space 6.4 Programmes for the Digitisation of Religious Heritage and the Promotion of Religious/Pilgrimage Tourism 7 New Policies and Measures that Support Digital Transformation of Cultural/Religious Heritage Sector 7.1 European Union New Policy Instruments 7.2 The Digital Transformation ‘bible’ of Greece (2020–2025) 8 Final Considerations References