Traditional and Alternative Medicine: Research and Policy Perspectives/Nam S&T Centre

Herbs and traditional medicines are being extensively used for healthcare in almost all the countries. Ancient religious texts are replete with references on the use of natural products with medicinal properties. Because of local beliefs and cost considerations, herbal medicines remain a popular mode of treatment in the developing countries. Even in the industrialised society, rising cost of prescription drugs and ensuing side effects of the treatment, make it highly attractive to use the traditional medicine particularly for minor ailments. Modern system of medicine is based on sound experimental data, toxicity studies and human clinical studies, however pharmacopoeia on herbal products is usually not available. Precisely, herbal industry lacks good manufacturing practices as standards of the medicinal plant products are not well regulated and the quality of finished herbal products is often not up to the mark. For this reason, many medicinal plants are either getting scarce or are on the verge of extinction resulting into genetic erosion due to a huge public demand and extraction of massive amount of modern drugs from these plants. If this trend continues, the human race will lose some of the most important sources of future drugs, which will be lost by the mankind forever. The focus of this book prominently encompasses the importance of traditional medicine in our modern health systems and discusses the potential applications of phyto-chemicals to assist bio-molecular mechanisms, and hence offer realistic and therapeutic possibilities. It includes review papers on production strategies, projection trends, regulatory status and IPR issues, and reports on the characterization and isolation of useful medicinal plant phyto-chemicals, clinical and bioactivity studies comprising antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, hepato-protective and acetylcholinesterase assays. Finally, a series of comprehensive country reports provide an evaluation of the use of traditional heath care systems and related research output in many developing countries. This book is chiefly based on the discussions and presentations during the International Workshop on ‘Herbal Medicinal Plants and Traditional Herb Remedies', 20-21 September 2007, Hanoi, Vietnam. It is likely to contribute to an understanding of the status of research, policies and regulatory status of medicinal plants and their products in developing countries, and the information presented herein would hopefully serve as a valuable material for the scientists and professionals engaged in this subject area. Cover......Page 1 Foreword......Page 6 Preface......Page 8 Introduction......Page 10 Contents......Page 14 Part I-Review Papers ......Page 20 Herbal Medicines: From Research to the Production Line ......Page 22 Factors Influencing Secondary Metabolism and Therapeutic Efficacy of Medicinal Plants ......Page 36 Medicinal Plants/Traditional Medicine and IPR Protection ......Page 44 Regulation of Herbal Healthcare Products ......Page 54 Traditional Medicine in the Developing and Developed Countries and Expected Trends in Future ......Page 76 Part II-Phytochemistry ......Page 86 New and Interesting Compounds from Some Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh ......Page 88 Xanthone Derivatives from Cratoxylon cochinchinense Blume ......Page 102 Flavonoids from Belamcanda sinensis ......Page 109 Peroxygenases: New Extra-cellular Mushroom Enzymes which Oxygenate Aromatic Compounds ......Page 113 A New Flavan from the Stems of Dracaena cambodiana ......Page 119 Genetic Diversity of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees of Brunei Darussalam Determined by RAPD and PCR-RFLP Analyses ......Page 126 Improvement of the Method for Simultaneous Determination of Indirubin and Indigo by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry ......Page 140 Study on Chemical Constituents of Ophiopogon confertifolius ......Page 148 Isostephaoxocanine: A New Dihydroisoquinoline Alkaloid from the Roots of Stephania brachyandra Diels. ......Page 164 Gleditschiaside B and C:Two New Carbohydrate Esters of Cinnamic Acid from the Leaves of Gleditschia australis Hemsl. ......Page 169 A New Triterpene from Baeckea frutescens L. (Myrtaceae) ......Page 176 Study on the Chemical Constituents of Polygonum hydropiper L. ......Page 182 Chemical Constituents from Clerodendrum inerme L. ......Page 189 Isolation and Characterization of Triterpenes and a Phenolic Glycoside from Celastrus hindsii Benth ......Page 194 Chemical Studies on Five Vietnamese Fissistigma Species (Annonaceae) ......Page 204 The Synthesis of a Novel Bibenzopyran Relied on Electro-oxidation of Malloapelta B by Cyclic Voltammetry ......Page 220 A New Dammarane-Type Triterpene Saponin from Eriochloa ramosa (Retz) Hack (Poaceae) ......Page 227 Indole Alkaloids from Kopsia pitardii Merr. (Apocynaceae) ......Page 236 Review of Lupane Triterpenoids from Acanthopanax Species and their Pharmacological Activities ......Page 242 Part III-Clinical and Bioactivity Studies ......Page 258 Traditional and Modern Applications of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. and Azadirachta indica A Juss-Vital Trees of South India ......Page 260 Antifungal Constituents from the Stems of Dracaena cambodiana ......Page 277 Cytotoxic Activity Assessment of Traditional Anticancer Plants Belong to Some Species of Selaginella of Vietnam ......Page 284 Chemical and Biological Studies of Seed of Vietnamese Citrus Plant ......Page 289 Study on Antipolyarthritic Activity of Rhizoma cibotii ......Page 300 Study on Chemical Composition and Some Bio-activities of Herba piperis Lolot ......Page 304 Study on Antioxidant Activities and Principles of Vietnamese Bitter Tea Ilex kudingcha ......Page 312 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-1 B Inhibitory Constituents from Erythrina spp. ......Page 326 Management of Difficult Fistula in Ano by Ksharasutra (Chemical Seton)......Page 333 Studies on Breast Cancer in Relation to Prakriti (Constitution) ......Page 340 Studies on Hepato-protective Action of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica and Emblica officinalis (Triphala) ......Page 347 Status of AYUSH and Need for Standardization of Medicinal Plants ......Page 355 The Research of Bioactive Components from Different Plants: Case of Rwanda ......Page 364 Identification of Interaction of Mosquito Larvicidal Compounds from Lantana viburnoides ssp. viburnoides var. kisi by Using Subtraction Bioassay ......Page 377 Chemoprofiling and Bioefficacy Evaluation of Herbal Drugs and Formulations Pre-treated by Gamma Radiation for Microbial Decontamination ......Page 385 In vitro Antioxidative Activity of some Medicinal Plants ......Page 404 Bioactivities of a Vietnamese Medicinal Plant Vang Se (Jasminum subtriplinerve Blume.)......Page 414 Use of Acetylcholinesterase Activity for the Quantitative Determination of Organophosphate Pesticides ......Page 433 A Contribution to Medico-Ethnobotany of Kalahandi District, Orissa, on Ear and Mouth Disease ......Page 439 Traditional Veterinary Herbal Practices of Kalahandi District, Orissa, India ......Page 443 Part IV-Country Reports ......Page 452 Country Status Report on Traditional Medicine Research and Development in Nigeria ......Page 454 Most Widely Traded Plant Drugs of Turkey ......Page 462 Socio-economic Development and Traditional Medicinal Knowledge Protection in Relwa, Dediapada and Nani Singloti Villages ......Page 474 An Introduction to the Studies of Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in the Lao People's Democratic Republic ......Page 491 Herbal Prophylactics in Mauritius: Status of Traditional Use and Research ......Page 496 Research on Some Indigenous Medicinal Plants of Myanmar ......Page 518 Status of Medicinal Plants and Prospects of their Cultivation in Dang ......Page 532 The Role of Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Bioprospecting and Product Development in South Africa: A Policy, Research, Development and Innovation Perspective ......Page 540 Indonesia Country Report on Herbal Medicinal Plants and Traditional Herbs Remedies ......Page 551 Some Frontline Medicinal Plants of Kashmir Himalaya Used in Unani Medicine: Present Status and Role ......Page 559 Perceptions, Attitudes, Knowledge and Practice of Traditional Medicines Among Bruneians: A Pilot Study ......Page 577 Herbal Remedies and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Bhutan ......Page 585 A Preliminary Study on the Lowering of Cholesterol Levels by a Combination of Black Seed and Garlic ......Page 594 The Brief History and Development of Traditional Medical Science in Mongolia ......Page 599 Proceedings Of The International Workshop On Herbal Medicinal Plants And Traditional Herb Remedies, Held At Hanoi During 20-21 September 2007 Organized By The Centre.