Trade in Strangers : The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America

American historians have long been fascinated by the "peopling" of North America in the seventeenth century. Who were the immigrants, and how and why did they make their way across the ocean? Most of the attention, however, has been devoted to British immigrants who came as free people or as indentured servants (primarily to New England and the Chesapeake) and to Africans who were forced to come as slaves. __Trade in Strangers__ focuses on the eighteenth century, when new immigrants began to flood the colonies at an unprecedented rate. Most of these immigrants were German and Irish, and they were coming primarily to the middle colonies via an increasingly sophisticated form of transport. Wokeck shows how first the German system of immigration, and then the Irish system, evolved from earlier, haphazard forms into modern mass transoceanic migration. At the center of this development were merchants on both sides of the Atlantic who organized a business that enabled them to make profitable use of underutilized cargo space on ships bound from Europe to the British North American colonies. This trade offered German and Irish immigrants transatlantic passage on terms that allowed even people of little and modest means to pursue opportunities that beckoned in the New World. __Trade in Strangers__ fills an important gap in our knowledge of America's immigration history. The eighteenth-century changes established a model for the better-known mass migrations of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which drew wave after wave of Europeans to the New World in the hope of making a better life than the one they left behind—a story that is familiar to most modern Americans.

American historians have long been fascinated by the "peopling"of North America in the seventeenth century. Who were theimmigrants, and how and why did they make their way across theocean? Most of the attention, however, has been devoted to Britishimmigrants who came as free people or as indentured servants(primarily to New England and the Chesapeake) and to Africans whowere forced to come as slaves. Trade in Strangers focuseson the eighteenth century, when new immigrants began to flood thecolonies at an unprecedented rate. Most of these immigrants wereGerman and Irish, and they were coming primarily to the middlecolonies via an increasingly sophisticated form of transport.

Wokeck shows how first the German system of immigration, andthen the Irish system, evolved from earlier, haphazard forms intomodern mass transoceanic migration. At the center of thisdevelopment were merchants on both sides of the Atlantic whoorganized a business that enabled them to make profitable use ofunderutilized cargo space on ships bound from Europe to the BritishNorth American colonies. This trade offered German and Irishimmigrants transatlantic passage on terms that allowed even peopleof little and modest means to pursue opportunities that beckoned inthe New World.

Trade in Strangers fills an important gap in ourknowledge of America's immigration history. The eighteenth-centurychanges established a model for the better-known mass migrations ofthe nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which drew wave after waveof Europeans to the New World in the hope of making a better lifethan the one they left behind-a story that is familiar to mostmodern Americans.

The Story Of German And Irish Migration To America In The Eighteenth Century. Introduction: A New Form Of Transatlantic Migration -- German Long-distance Migration -- The Flow And Composition Of German Immigration To The American Colonies -- The Trade In Migrants -- The Ordeal Of Relocation -- Irish Immigration To The Delaware Valley -- Conclusion: A Model For The Modern Era -- German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775. Marianne Wokeck. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. The story of German and Irish migration to America in the eighteenth century.--(Source of description unspecified.)