عناصر ردیابی در تغذیه انسان و حیوان، جلد ۲، ویرایش پنجم: جلد ۲ (عناصر ردیابی در تغذیه انسان و حیوان)

From the Preface The major change in the format of the fifth edition is the presentation of the book in two volumes, necessitated by the rapidly increasing knowledge of metabolism, interactions, and requirements of trace elements ... The guiding principle was to present the minimum of results that would serve as a logical foundation for the description of the present state of knowledge. Recent results of research were accommodated by devoting new chapters to the subjects "Methodology of Trace Element Research" and "Quality Assurance for Trace Element Analysis" and by expanding the discussion of lithium and aluminum in separate, new chapters. The first two subjects are of outstanding importance as determinants of future progress. The concern for the quality of analytical data motivated the authors of the individual chapters to review critically and, where necessary, revise analytical data presented in the previous editions. The rapid progress of trace analytical methodology since the mid-1970s has changed what had been accepted as normal for the concentrations of many trace elements in tissues and foods. The new data reflect the present state of the art in trace element analysis, but they may be subject to future revision. Front Cover ......Page 1 Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition ......Page 4 Coptright Page ......Page 5 Table of Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 10 Preface......Page 12 I. Introduction......Page 14 II. Zinc in Animal Tissues and Fluids......Page 16 III. Zinc Metabolism......Page 36 IV. Zinc Deficiency and Functions......Page 46 V. Zinc Requirements......Page 100 VI. Sources of Zinc......Page 113 VII. Toxicity......Page 118 References......Page 122 I. Introduction......Page 152 II. Iodine in Animal Tissues and Fluids......Page 154 III. Iodine Metabolism......Page 157 IV. The Thyroid Hormones......Page 159 V. Effects of Iodine Deficiency in Humans......Page 169 VI. Effects of Iodine Deficiency in Animals......Page 177 VII. Iodine Requirements......Page 186 VIII. Sources of Iodine......Page 187 IX. Iodine Toxicity......Page 191 X. Goitrogenic Substances......Page 193 XI. Assessment of Iodine Nutritional Status......Page 196 XII. Correction of Iodine Deficiency in Humans......Page 198 XIII. Correction of Iodine Deficiency in Animals......Page 207 XIV. Eradication of Iodine Deficiency Disorders......Page 208 References......Page 210 I. Selenium in Tissues and Fluids......Page 222 II. Selenium Metabolism......Page 230 III. Selenium Deficiency and Functions......Page 236 IV. Selenium Sources and Requirements......Page 251 V. Selenium and Human Disease......Page 264 VI. Selenium Toxicity......Page 270 References......Page 279 II. Essentiality of Lead......Page 294 III. Lead in Food and Water......Page 295 IV. Lead Absorption......Page 298 V. Lead Metabolism......Page 309 VI. Toxicity......Page 314 VII. Toxicity in Animals and Humans......Page 317 References......Page 320 I. Cadmium in Animal Tissues and Fluids......Page 332 II. Cadmium Metabolism......Page 335 III. Sources of Cadmium......Page 339 IV. Health Effects......Page 341 References......Page 350 I. Arsenic in Animal Tissues and Fluids......Page 360 II. Arsenic Metabolism......Page 362 III. Arsenic as an Essential Element......Page 368 IV. Sources of Arsenic......Page 371 V. Arsenic Toxicity......Page 373 References......Page 376 I. Silicon in Animal Tissues and Fluids......Page 386 II. Silicon Metabolism......Page 389 III. Silicon Deficiency and Functions......Page 392 IV. Silicon Requirements and Sources......Page 396 V. Toxicity......Page 398 References......Page 401 I. Lithium in Soils, Plants, and Animal Tissues......Page 404 II. Lithium Metabolism......Page 406 III. Effects of Lithium......Page 407 IV. Lithium Requirements and Sources......Page 409 References......Page 410 I. Introduction......Page 412 II. Aluminum Concentrations......Page 413 III. Aluminum Metabolism......Page 414 IV. Aluminum Toxicity......Page 416 V. Mechanism of Aluminum Toxicity......Page 419 VI. Source of Aluminum Exposure and Toxicity......Page 420 VII. Diagnosis and Treatment of Aluminum Intoxication......Page 421 References......Page 422 II. Antimony (Sb)......Page 428 III. Barium (Ba)......Page 431 IV. Boron (B)......Page 433 V. Bromine (Br)......Page 440 VI. Germanium (Ge)......Page 443 VII. Rubidium (Rb) and Cesium (Cs)......Page 444 VIII. Silver (Ag)......Page 447 IX. Strontium (Sr)......Page 449 X. Tin (Sn)......Page 454 XI. Titanium (Ti)......Page 459 XII. Zirconium (Zr)......Page 460 XIII. Miscellaneous Elements......Page 461 References......Page 467 I. Introduction......Page 478 II. Soil, Water, and Air as Sources of Trace Elements......Page 480 III. Factors Affecting Trace Element Concentrations in Plants......Page 482 IV. Diagnosis and Correction of Soil-Related Trace Element Deficiencies and Toxicities......Page 494 References......Page 498 Index......Page 502 The major change in the format of the fifth edition is the presentation of the book in two volumes, necessitated by the rapidly increasing knowledge of metabolism, interactions, and requirements of trace elements... The guiding principle was to present the minimum of results that would serve as a logical foundation for the description of the present state of knowledge. Recent results of research were accommodated by devoting new chapters to the subjects'Methodology of Trace Element Research'and'Quality Assurance for Trace Element Analysis'and by expanding the discussion of lithium and aluminum in separate, new chapters. The first two subjects are of outstanding importance as determinants of future progress. The concern for the quality of analytical data motivated the authors of the individual chapters to review critically and, where necessary, revise analytical data presented in the previous editions. The rapid progress of trace analytical methodology since the mid-1970s has changed what had been accepted as normal for the concentrations of many trace elements in tissues and foods. The new data reflect the present state of the art in trace element analysis, but they may be subject to future revision. Abstract: This two-volume reference work is intended to enable those interested in human and animal nutrition to obtain a balanced and detailed appreciation of the physiological roles of the trace elements. Included are individual chapters devoted to each of the trace elements, as well as a chapter on other elements. Other coverage pertains to methods of trace element research and quality assurance for trace element analysis. References are located at the end of each chapter Many mineral elements occur in living tissues in such small amounts that the early workers were unable to measure their precise concentrations with the analytical methods then available.