Toxicological Aspects of Food Safety: Proceedings of the European Society of Toxicology Meeting held in Copenhagen, June 19–22, 1977 (Archives of Toxicology, 1)

Minimal liver damage was induced in groups of rats by the administration of three toxicants, viz. carbon tetrachloride, sodium phenobarbitone and orotic acid. Serial blood samples were taken from the animals during the course of the experiment and the plasma levels of a number of enzymes, substrates and metabolites were measured. Liver and kidney samples were also taken at appropriate times after dosing and examined histologically for evidence of drug induced damage. The results of the experiment show that I) no single test gave unequivocal evidence of liver damage for all three compounds, II) the conventional liver function tests, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase, whose plasma activities are usually reported in toxicity studies, were not the most sensitive indicators of the minimal liver cell damage caused by the drugs used in this experiment, 1II) knowledge of the intracellular location of the diagnostic enzyme makes it possible to describe, at least in part, the nature of the changes within the liver, IV) measurement of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels can provide information about disruption in lipid metabolism, V) the times at which blood samples are taken are most important if transient drug effects on the liver are to be detected. Front Matter....Pages I-XI Young Scientists Award Lecture 1977: An Investigation into the Value of Some Clinical Biochemical Tests in the Detection of Minimal Changes in Liver Morphology and Function in the Rat....Pages 1-13 Toxicological Aspects of Food Safety....Pages 15-21 Nutritional Evaluation of Low-Erucic-Acid Rapeseed Oils....Pages 23-32 Food Additives....Pages 33-46 Pesticides and Heavy Metals as Food Contaminants....Pages 47-54 Toxicokinetics....Pages 55-67 Toxicological Aspects of Food Safety — Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity....Pages 69-84 Significance of Induction Phenomena....Pages 85-99 Evaluation of Food Safety. National and International Aspects....Pages 101-106 Drug Biotransformation and Hepatotoxicity. Studies with Bromobenzene in Isolated Hepatocytes....Pages 107-114 Hepatotoxicity of Bile Acids with Special Reference to Cheno-Treatment....Pages 115-115 Metabolic Activation of Methyldopa and Other Catechols....Pages 117-124 Clinical Aspects of Drug-Induced Hepatitis....Pages 125-130 Hepatotoxicity in Patients with Liver Disease....Pages 131-136 Halothane Hepatitis....Pages 137-139 Hypersensitivity Reactions to Food Colours with Special Reference to the Natural Colour Annatto Extract (Butter Colour)....Pages 141-143 The Use of Radionuclides for the Quantitative Evaluation of Drug Local Irritancy....Pages 145-145 Stimulation of DNA Synthesis in Mouse and Rat Lung Following Administration of Butylated Hydroxytoluene....Pages 147-150 Effects of Rapidly Phosphorylated Substrates Fructose, Sorbitol, Xylitol (Glycerol): Toxic or Metabolic....Pages 151-155 Study and Evaluation of Organic Lead Levels in Fishes and Phytoplankton Near Otranto....Pages 157-157 Drug-Induced Changes in Serum Alkaline Phosphatase and Alanine Aminotransferase Activities not Related to Hepatic Injuries....Pages 159-163 Evaluation of Organ Weight Differences in Toxicological Experiments....Pages 165-168 Comparative Cardiovascular Toxicity of Trazodone and Imipramine in the Rat....Pages 169-172 Liver Injury and Multiple Drug Therapy....Pages 173-176 Hepatotoxicity of Citalopram in Rats and First-Pass Metabolism....Pages 177-180 Toxicologic Findings of 3-Aryl-triene-steroidal-16,17-Acetonamide (ATSA)....Pages 181-181 Biochemical Effects of Chronically Administered Suspending Agents on Mitochondrial Metabolism and Hepatic Mixed Function Oxidases in Rat, Mice, and Hamster....Pages 183-187 Effect of Ethylenethiourea on Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes in the Rat....Pages 189-192 Comparative Study of the Protective Effect of an Anabolic Steroid....Pages 193-196 Experimental Study of Bonaphthon in the Maternal-Embryonic Complex....Pages 197-197 Chimpanzees Sulfate Lithocholate Similar to Man....Pages 199-199 Influence of Some Thiol Compounds on the CCl 4 Hepatotoxicity....Pages 201-201 Thromboelastography Behaviour in Rats Submitted to Experimental Liver Intoxication....Pages 203-203 Routine Clinical Electroretinography in Dogs....Pages 205-205 A New Procedure for Estimation of Nitrovin and Carbadox Residues and Their Metabolites in Food of Animal Origin....Pages 207-210 Glutathione Turnover in Isolated Hepatocytes....Pages 211-211 Covalent Binding of 2,4-Diaminoanisole and 2,4-Diaminotoluene in vivo....Pages 213-217 Comparative Research of Certain Methods in Evaluation of Hepatotoxicity of Chemical Agents....Pages 219-219 Hepatotoxic Effect of Thioacetamide (TAM) on NADP-Linked Enzymes, Aminotransferases and Glutamate Dehydrogenase....Pages 221-224 A Histological Review of the Rat Liver Poisoned by Carbontetrachloride and Treated by Piracetam....Pages 225-225 The Effect of Piracetam in Rats Poisoned by Carbontetrachloride....Pages 227-227 Hepato- and Thyreotoxicity of Tifemoxone....Pages 229-233 Toxicological Studies on a New Veterinary Antibiotic Turimycin....Pages 235-237 Metabolism of 2,4,5,2′,5′-Pentachlorobiphenyl by Lung and Liver Microsomes....Pages 239-242 Hepatic Clearance and Disposition of Hydroxyethylrutosides....Pages 243-246 Changes in the Hepatic Copper Content after Treatment with Foreign Compounds....Pages 247-249 Absorption and Excretion of 1-Amino-2-Naphthol-6-Sulphonic Acid in Rats and Rabbits....Pages 251-254 Drug Excretion into Eggs. An Autoradiographic Study....Pages 255-257 The Metabolism of 3 H-Benzo(a)pyrene by Hepatic Microsomes from Rats Treated with Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin....Pages 259-259 Induction of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Different Rat Tissues by TCDD....Pages 261-265 Lysosomal Enzymes in Hepatic Injury Induced by Bromobenzene....Pages 267-270 Increase of Hepatic and Serum Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity after TCDD Treatment....Pages 271-273 A Simple and Sensitive Assay of 7-Ethoxycoumarin in Deethylation....Pages 275-275 Induction of Arylhydrocarbon Hydroxylase and UDP Glucuronosyl Transferase by PCB in Hepatic Cell Cultures....Pages 277-279 Enhancement of Cytosolic Carboxylesterase by Phenobarbital in the Rat....Pages 281-283 A New Method for Hepatocyte Function Exploration (T.M.B. Test) Applied to the Rat in Experimental Toxicology....Pages 285-285 Modifying Effects of Styrene on the Catalytic Properties of Some Microsomal Enzymes....Pages 287-290 Specific Modification of the Properties of the N-Hydroxylase....Pages 291-294 A Very Sensitive Gas Chromatographic Method for the Evaluation of Styrene Oxidase and Styrene Oxide Hydratase Activities....Pages 295-298 A Gas Chromatographic Method for the Evaluation of the Vinyl Epoxidase Activity....Pages 299-302 The Fate of Curcumin in the Rat....Pages 303-303 The Use of Food Additives in Sweden....Pages 305-308 Hemiglobin Formation in vitro Induced by Azo Dyes and Their Metabolites....Pages 309-311 Peroral Toxicity of Orange RN in Pigs. Early Haemotological Changes....Pages 313-315 Peroral Toxicity of Orange RN in Pigs. Ultrastructure of Hepatic Lesions....Pages 317-317 Toxicology of Triethyllead, Methylmercury and Cadmium, Determined in Chick Embryo Brain Cell Cultures....Pages 319-322 Reversible Inhibition of Spermatogenesis with an Indenopyridine (20–438)....Pages 323-326 Relative Teratogenicity of Selected Anhydrides....Pages 327-327 Effects of Rapeseed Oil Compared to Hydrogenated Marine Oil in Rats. Histopathological Effects of Erucic Acid and Isomers on the Heart....Pages 329-330 Changes in Liver Tyrosine Aminotransferase after Acute and Chronic Administration of Morphine in the Rat....Pages 331-333 Retarded Elimination of a High-Molecular Enzyme-Substrate-Complex after Hydroxyethyl-Starch-Infusion....Pages 335-338 Drug Metabolism in Man: in vivo and in vitro Correlations....Pages 339-342 Pharmacokinetics of Dextropropoxyphene in Acute Poisoning....Pages 343-346 Suitability of Different Breeds of Rabbits for Experimental Atherosclerosis....Pages 347-347 Results of Comparative Toxicity Tests on Mini-Pigs, Beagles and Wistar-Rats with d-Norgestrel....Pages 349-349 Metabolism of L(+)- and D(-)-Tartaric Acids in Different Animal Species....Pages 351-353 Influence of Diet and Strain of Rat on Kidney Damage Observed in Toxicity Studies....Pages 355-358 Influence of Drugs on Bile Acid Excretion....Pages 359-361 Pharmacological Properties of the Optical Isomers of Ketamine....Pages 363-363 The Influence of Arrhythmogenic Substances on the E.C.G. of Rats Calcified by High Doses of Vitamin D 2 ....Pages 365-368 Extrapolation of Carcinogenicity Data to Low Doses with a Dose-Response Study of the Binding of Benzo(a)pyrene to Rat Liver DNA....Pages 369-371 A Closed Inhalation System for Pharmacokinetic and Metabolism Studies of Volatile Compounds with Small Laboratory Animals....Pages 373-375 Effects of Diazepam on DFP Intoxicated Mice in the Absence and Presence of Obidoxime....Pages 377-377 Pharmacological and Toxicological Investigations on the New Bulgarian Drug Lonetil....Pages 379-379 Metabolism of Benzo(a)pyrene Catalyzed by Human Lung Microsomes....Pages 381-381 Stimulation of the Synthesis, in vivo, of Zoxazolamine Hydroxylase in Young Female Rat by Bixa orellana L. Extract....Pages 383-383 Structural and Biochemical Changes in Rat Hepatic and Extrahepatic Tissues Following a Single Oral Dose of TCDD....Pages 385-385 Back Matter....Pages 387-392