Towards better infrastructure: conditions, constraints, and opportunities in financing public-private partnerships in select African countries: [evidence from Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal]

Background: Current status of PPP markets in selected countries. This report Sources of financing: Sources of local financing for PPP projects. Local commercial banks. Pension funds. Insurance funds. Local capital market Sources of international financing for PPP projects: International commercial banks. Private infrastructure funds. Donor infrastructure funds. Sovereign wealth funds and other public entities The legislative and institutional framework A well-structured PPP pipeline Risk allocation and fiscal management of PPPs Medium-term options for PPP financing: Tackling high upfront capital costs. Longer-term local debt financing. Risk mitigation guarantee products. PPP market failures deriving from country size and cross-border infrastructure financing constraints Recommendations: Developing long-term financing for infrastructure. Strengthening other aspects of a strong enabling environment.