Towards a History of Linguistics in Poland : From the Early Beginnings to the End of the Twentieth Century

'Apart from the names of Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (1845-1929), Mikolaj Kruszewski (1851-1887), and, later, Jerzy Kurylowicz (1895-1978), Polish linguists and Polish linguistics generally have been little known in the West. The first two were mentioned with approval by Saussure in an unpublished paper, and this reference was picked up by Roman Jakobson and others many years later. Kurylowicz, for his part, made himself well known in the West through his important work as Indo-Europeanist, even Semiticist, and as a general linguist. The present volume is a first attempt to broaden the perspectives on the Polish contribution to linguistics both inside and outside of Poland during the past centuries. Specialists in their respective fields contributed chapters on the origins and development of general linguistics (Z. Wasik), applied linguistics (F. Grucza), lexicology (T. Piotrowski), dialectology (St. Gogolewski), and onomastics (S. Gala), followed by five chapters presenting the theories of the arguably most remarkable Polish linguistic thinkers, from Baudouin de Courtenay (A. Adamska-Salaciak), Kruszewski (F. M. Berezin), and Kurylowicz (W. Smoczynski) to Mikolaj Rudnicki (1881-1978) and Ludwik Zabrocki (1907-1977) (both written by J. Banczerowski). Detailed individual bibliographies, a full index of names (with life dates of Polish linguists from the Renaissance to the present day), and a thorough index of subjects and terms make this volume an important reference tool for anyone wishing to acquaint himself with the rich heritage of Polish linguistic thought.' SIHOLS 102 TOWARDS A HISTORY OF LINGUISTICS IN POLAND 2 Editorial page 3 Title page 4 Copyright page 5 FOREWORD & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6 Table of contents 8 EDITORS' INTRODUCTION 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 17 PART I: POLISH LINGUISTICS: ORIGINS AND TRENDS 22 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL LINGUISTICS IN THE HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE SCIENCES IN POLAND LATE 1860S - LATE 1960S 24 1. Landmarks in the Polish panorama of general linguistics 24 2. Periods in the development of Polish linguistics 28 3. An assessment of the contribution of individual Polish linguists to a theoretical view of language and linguistics since 1868 37 4. Concluding remarks 60 REFERENCES 60 CHAPTER 2 ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN POLAND 74 1. Stratifying the field 74 2. The early history of applied linguistics 75 3. The beginnings of Polish applied linguistics 76 4. The interwar period 80 5. The beginnings of Polish applied linguistics 86 6. The Poznan school of Polish applied linguistics 88 7. Polish contrastive linguistics 92 8. The Institute of Applied Linguistics in Warsaw 97 9. The development and status of certain domains included in AILA 99 10. Logopaedics and linguistic aphasiology 105 11. Applied phonetics 106 12. Orthography and orthoepy (orthophony 107 13. Terminology — languages for special uses 108 14. Conclusion 110 REFERENCES 110 CHAPTER 3 LEXICOGRAPHY IN POLAND EARLY BEGINNINGS — 1997 122 1. Introductory observations 122 2. The development of lexicography in Poland 123 3. Outlook 138 REFERENCES 139 CHAPTER 4 DIALECTOLOGY IN POLAND, 1873-1997 144 0. Defining the subject matter 144 1. The early stage of Polish dialectology 144 2. The period between the world wars 151 3. The period after the Second World War 152 4. Remarks on methodology 156 5. Dialectology and other branches of linguistics 158 REFERENCES 164 CHAPTER 5 ONOMASTICS IN POLAND FROM 19TH-CENTURY BEGINNINGS TO THE PRESENT 168 1. The subject matter 168 2. The scope of onomastic research 168 3. Onomastics as an ancillary discipline 172 4. The history of onomastic research 174 5. Concluding remarks 184 REFERENCES 184 PART II: PORTRAITS OF MAJOR POLISH LINGUISTS 194 CHAPTER 6 JAN BAUDOUIN DE COURTENAY'S CONTRIBUTION TO GENERAL LINGUISTICS 196 1. Introduction 196 2. Biographical sketch4 197 3. Baudouin'sviews on language 203 4. Baudouin's views on linguistics 205 5. Baudouin'scontribution to phonology 207 6. Baudouin's views on language change 213 7. Concluding remarks 223 REFERENCES 223 CHAPTER 7 MIKOLAJ KRUSZEWSKI AND 20TH-CENTURYLINGUISTICS 230 1. Introductory remarks 230 2. A brief sketch of Mikotqj Kruszew ski's life 231 3. Kruszewsk's ideas in phonology and morphology 236 4. The philosophical foundations of Kruszewski' s linguistic views 240 5. Kruszew ski on the fundamental problems of general linguistics 243 6. Concluding remarks 250 REFERENCES 250 CHAPTER 8 MIKOŁAJ RUDNICKI'S GENERAL LINGUISTIC CONCEPTIONS 253 1. Introduction 253 2. Language as a form of consciousness 255 3. Language consciousness as the space of reproductive images 256 4. Language reproduction 257 5. Theory of structural phonetics 262 6. Frameworks of the theory of language diacrisis and phonology 262 7. Auditory (perceptual) phonetics 264 8. The historical mutability of language consciousness 267 9. Rudnicki's theory of assimilation 270 10. Rudnicki's theory of fusion of phones 271 11. Rudnickïs theory of metathesis 272 12. Final remarks 274 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MIKOLAJ RUDNICKI'S WORKS ONTHE TOPICS COVERED IN THE PRESENT CHAPTER 274 CHAPTER 9 JERZY KURYŁOWICZ AS INDO-EUROPEANISTAND THEORIST OF LANGUAGE 276 1. Early life and career 276 2. The Second World War and the years until 1956 278 3. Rejoining the West and the American experience 281 4. Kuryłowicz's legacy 285 5. Kuryiowicz's contribution to the theory of Indo-European laryngeals 289 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OFJERZY KURYLOWICZ'S WRITINGS 291 CHAPTER 10 ASPECTS OF LUDWIK ZABROCKI'SLINGUISTIC WORLD 294 1. Introductory remarks 294 2. Linguistic codematics 297 3. Synchronic structural phonetics 303 4. Diachronic structural phonetics 306 5. Diacritology 315 6. Communicative community and language communities 319 7. Aspects of language comparison 323 8. Cy bernetic sy stems of language communication 325 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LUDWIK ZABROCKI'S WORKS ONTHE TOPICS COVERED IN THE PRESENT CHAPTER 331 Z HISTORII JĘZYKOZNAWSTWA W POLSCE STRESZCZENIA 334 INDEX OF AUTHORS 340 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 350 1. Foreword & Acknowledgements 2. Editors' Introduction 3. Part I: Polish Linguistics: Origins and Trends 4. Chapter 1 General Linguistics in the History of the Languages Sciences in Poland: Late 1860s - late 1960s (by Wasik, Zdzislaw) 5. Chapter 2 Origins and Developments of Applied Linguistics in Poland (by Grucza, Franciszek) 6. Chapter 3 Lexicography in Poland: From the early beginnings to the present (by Piotrowski, Tadeusz) 7. Chapter 4 Dialectology in Poland, 1873-1997 (by Gogolewski, Stanislaw) 8. Chapter 5 Onomastics in Poland: From 19th-century beginnings to the present (by Gala, Slawomir) 9. Part II: Portraits of Major Polish Linguists 10. Chapter 6 Jan Baudouin de Courtenay's Contribution to General Linguistics (by Adamska-Salaciak, Arleta) 11. Chapter 7 Mikolaj Kruszewksi and 20th-Century Linguistics (by Berezin, Fedor Mixajlovic) 12. Chapter 8 Mikolaj Rudnicki's General Linguistic Conceptions (by Banczerowski, Jerzy) 13. Chapter 9 Jerzy Kurylowicz as Indo-Europeanist and Theorist of Languages (by Smoczynski, Wojciech) 14. Chapter 10 Aspects of Ludwik Zabrocki's Linguistic World (by Banczerowski, Jerzy) 15. Polish Summaries (Streszczenia polskie) 16. Index of Authors 17. Index of Subjects