Tourism Strategies and Local Responses in Southern Africa

Tourism growth is one of the primary drivers of economic development and is a core strategy at local and national levels to improve the lives of local communities. However, tourism can bring both advantages and disadvantages to communities and not all national strategies in tourism management are applicable or suitable in private, community-based and public sectors. Tourism is used as a main instrument of nation building in many postcolonial countries such as Namibia, South Africa, Botswana and Madagascar. Using case studies from these areas, this book examines the strategic objectives for tourism growth and how nationally-set objectives such as economic growth, increased employment, poverty reduction, black economic empowerment, environmental sustainability and reduction of regional inequalities work at the grassroots level. Challenging ongoing practices and providing new innovations for tourism development applicable to other developing countries, this study will be useful for both researchers and decision makers in tourism. This Book Discusses Tourism Development In Namibia. It Consists Of 12 Major Chapters. Chapter 2 Explores The Opportunities And Challenges Of Implementing A National Tourism Policy In Namibia, As Perceived By Tourism Entrepreneurs. Chapter 3 Presents The South African Experiences For Local Economic Development (led) In Rural Route Tourism, Also A Potentially Strategic Tool For Development Through Tourism In The Rest Of Southern Africa. Chapter 4 Discusses The Modernization Approach To Tourism Development, Both In Theory And Practice. Chapter 5 Discusses Their Commoditization In The Namibian Tourism Promotion, Thereby Defining Their Symbolic Role In Namibian Tourism Development Policies. Chapter 6 Evaluates The Applicability Of The Strategic Objectives And Government Policy In Regard To Community-based Catering Services Among The Hananwa.^ Chapter 7 Analyses The Effectiveness Of Tourism Development In The Simultaneous Achievement Of Successful Nature Conservation And Better Means Of Subsistence In The Okavango Delta. Chapter 8 Analyses The Resources And Restraints Of Coastal Bird Tourism In Namibia. Chapter 9 Explores The Awareness And Responses Of The Southern African Tourism Sector To Control Hiv/aids, And The Perceptions On The Effects Of The Disease On Its Operational Environment. The Process Of Mutual Learning Is, However, A Complicated One And Has A Number Of Critical Points, As Described In Chapter 10. Chapter 11 Elaborates On The Applicability Of Information And Communication Technology (ict) For School-based Tourism Marketing In Namibia, Based On Experiences And Studies In His Former Home Region, The Eastern Caprivi Strip.^ Chapter 12 Discuss The Possibilities For Communities In Or Close To The Park To Benefit From Its Existence, Focusing On The Partnerships Between The Makuleke Community, The Park's Management And The Private Sector, And On A Comparative Situation On The Mozambican Side In The Former Coutada Sixteen National Park. Chapter 13 Discusses Some Of The Lessons Learned From The Southern African Case Studies Are Brought Together To Outline The Current Issues Of Strategic Tourism Development, In Terms Of Both Academic Research And Applied Work In The Tourism Sector. Development Through Tourism / Petri Hottola -- Tourism Development Strategies In Namibia: Private And Community Perceptions On The National Policy / Julia Janis -- Local Economic Development And Tourism Planning In Africa: Evidence From Route Tourism In South Africa / Christian M. Rogerson -- Community Development Strategies In The Kalahari: An Expression Of Modernization's Monologue? / Lauren Dyll -- Selling Places And Constructing Local Cultures In Tourism: The Role Of The Ovahimba In Namibian Tourism Promotion / Jarkko Saarinene And Maaria Niskala -- The Applicability Of Government Policy To Community-based Catering Services: The Hananwa Of Blouberg, Limpopo Province / Chris Boonzaaier -- Tourism Development, Rural Livelihoods And Biodiversity Conservation In The Okavango Delta, Botswana / Joseph E. Mbaiwa -- Coastal Bird Tourism In Namibia: Postcolonial Resources And Restraints / Petri Hottola -- The Responses Of The Southern African Tourism Sector In Combating Hiv/aids / Harri Suskonen -- Interplay Between Local Service Suppliers And Incoming Tour Operators: The Case Of Madagascar / Oystein Jensen -- Tourism Development And The Polemic Of Ict Advocacy In Namibian Schools / Kenneth Matengu -- Transfrontier Tourism And Relations Between Local Communities And The Private Sector In The Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park / Marja Spierenburg [and Others] -- Tourism Development Strategies: Lessons From The Southern African Experiences / Petri Hottola. Edited By Petri Hottola. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 8 Foreword......Page 10 Acknowledgements......Page 12 1 Introduction: Development Through Tourism?......Page 14 2 Tourism Development Strategies in Namibia: Private and Community Perceptions on the National Policy......Page 21 3 Local Economic Development and Tourism Planning in Africa: Evidence from Route Tourism in South Africa......Page 40 4 Community Development Strategies in the Kalahari: an Expression of Modernization’s Monologue?......Page 54 5 Selling Places and Constructing Local Cultures in Tourism: the Role of the Ovahimba in Namibian Tourism Promotion......Page 74 6 The Applicability of Government Policy to Community-based Catering Services: the Hananwa of Blouberg, Limpopo Province......Page 86 7 Tourism Development, Rural Livelihoods and Biodiversity Conservation in the Okavango Delta, Botswana......Page 103 8 Coastal Bird Tourism in Namibia: Postcolonial Resources and Restraints......Page 118 9 The Responses of the Southern African Tourism Sector in Combating HIV/AIDS......Page 140 10 Interplay Between Local Service Suppliers and Incoming Tour Operators: the Case of Madagascar......Page 157 11 Tourism Development and the Polemic of ICT Advocacy in Namibian Schools......Page 171 12 Transfrontier Tourism and Relations Between Local Communities and the Private Sector in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park......Page 180 13 Tourism Development Strategies: Lessons from the Southern African Experiences......Page 196 References......Page 216 G......Page 246 T......Page 247 X......Page 248 Tourism growth is one of the primary drivers of economic development and is a core strategy at local and national levels to improve the lives of communities. However, tourism can bring both advantages and disadvantages to people. Not all national strategies in tourism management are applicable or suitable in private, community-based and public sectors