Topical Absorption of Dermatological Products volume 21

Contains current methods of analysis for new formulations of cosmetics, perfumes, creams, and lotions! With contributions from world-renowned experts in the field, Topical Absorption of Dermatological Products summarizes novel treatments for fungal nail infections emerging risk assessment procedures for sunscreen products real-time breath analysis and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) for the examination of chemically exposed tissues the use of micelles, mixed micelles, liposomes, and microemulsions as effective drug delivery systems modern therapeutic devices for the management of acute, subacute, and chronic steroid-responsive dermatoses Providing state-of-the-art strategies for the control of irritation and infection, Topical Absorption of Dermatological Products is an in-depth source for dermatologists, pharmacists, pharmacologists, cosmetic scientists, biochemists, toxicologists, public health officials, manufacturers of cosmetics and toiletries, and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines. Preface 7 Contents 9 Contributors 13 Cutaneous Metabolism During In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption 17 Occlusion Does Not Uniformly Enhance Penetration In Vivo 24 Regional Variation in Percutaneous Absorption 48 The Development of Skin Barrier Function in the Neonate 58 Cutaneous Metabolism of Xenobiotics 92 Percutaneous Drug Delivery to the Hair Follicle 108 In Vivo Relationship Between Percutaneous Absorption and Transepidermal Water Loss 130 Dermal Decontamination and Percutaneous Absorption 144 In Vivo Methods for Percutaneous Absorption Measurement 160 Determination of Percutaneous Absorption by In Vitro Techniques 172 Systemic Absorption of Cutaneous Material 178 Interrelationships in the Dose-Response of Percutaneous Absorption 184 Effect of Single Versus Multiple Dosing in Percutaneous Absorption 200 Blood Flow as a Technology in Percutaneous Absorption 210 Drug Concentration in the Skin 242 Stripping Method for Measuring Percutaneous Absorption In Vivo 256 Interference with Stratum Corneum Lipid Biogenesis 276 Methods for the Assessment of Topical Corticosteroid-Induced Skin Blanching 290 Importance of In Vitro Release Measurement in Topical Dermatological Dosage Forms 298 Innovative Methods to Determine Percutaneous Absorption in Humans 314 Calculations of Body Exposure from Percutaneous Absorption Data 326 Percutaneous Penetration as a Method of Delivery to Skin and Underlying Tissues 332 Phonophoresis 350 Facilitated Transdermal Delivery by Iontophoresis 368 Percutaneous Penetration as It Relates to the Safety Evaluation of Cosmetic Ingredients 392 Percutaneous Absorption of Fragrances 404 Hair Dye Absorption 416 Percutaneous Absorption of Alpha-Hydroxy Acids 430 Optimizing Patch Test Delivery 444 Nail Penetration 452 Topical Dermatological Vehicles 472 Percutaneous Absorption of Sunscreens 480 Colloidal Drug Carrier Systems 498 Alternative Therapies: Calling Up the Reserves 510 Ointments, Creams, and Lotions Used as Topical Drug Delivery Vehicles 526 Index 534 About the Editors 538 Details in vivo and in vitro techniques for measuring the absorption of pharmaceutical and cosmetic compounds by the skin. It discusses factors that affect skin penetration, including age, delivery vehicle, metabolism, hydration and chemical structure