Tomb of Kha-em-hat of the Eighteenth Dynasty in Western Thebes (TT 57)

This volume presents a study of the tomb of Kha-em-hat TT 57 at Qurna, West Luxor, which dates back to the 18th Dynasty? – the reign of King Amenhotep III. It is considered one of the most important Egyptian tomb discoveries, containing rare scenes and revealing development of the religious rituals of the time. The tomb is still in very good condition and today is open to visitors. This volume presents a study of the tomb of Kha-em-hat TT 57 at Qurna, West Luxor, which dates back to the 18th Dynasty⁠ – the reign of King Amenhotep III. It is considered one of the most important Egyptian tomb discoveries, containing rare scenes and revealing development of the religious rituals of the time. The tomb is still in very good condition and today is open to visitors. Cover 1 Title Page 3 Copyright Page 4 Contents Page 5 Acknowledgements 11 List of Abbreviations 12 Introduction 14 Discovery 15 Geographical position (see figures 1-3) 16 Features and the plan of the tomb (see figure 4) 21 Art characteristics 25 A. Titles 27 Division of the titles in the tomb 29 Facade 29 Outer court 29 Main entrance 30 Outer court 30 Outer court 30 Hall 31 Hall - east wall - south side - sub scene 31 Hall - south wall 32 Hall - south wall 32 Hall - south wall - statues in a niche 32 Hall - east wall 33 Hall - north wall 33 Hall - south wall- statues in a niche 33 Hall - west wall 33 Hall - Ceiling 34 Hall - ceiling 34 Hall - west wall - door entrance 35 Hall - west wall - door entrance 35 To the passage - door thickness 36 Passage - east wall 38 Passage - south wall 38 Passage - north wall (see figure 45) 39 Passage - south wall 39 Passage - west wall 39 Passage - west wall 39 Inner room 40 Passage - ceiling 40 Passage - ceiling 40 Passage - ceiling 40 B. Facade: Court 41 II. Outer court - front door (see figure 5, 5A, 6) 41 IIa. Facade - north wall (left-hand side - main entrance – see figure 7,7A) 44 III. Facade - stela of purification (see figure 8, 8A) 47 IV. Facade - opening of the mouth stela (right-hand side – see figure 9, 9A) 52 Dimensions׃ The remaining scene is about 1.5m in height and 1m in width. 60 V. Facade - north wall (right-hand side - main entrance – see figure 10, 10.A) 60 VI. Entrance - door frame (see figure 11, 11A) 62 VI.A Left jamb (see figure 11B) 65 VI.B. Right jamb (see figure 11C) 66 VI. C. South door thickness (left-hand side – see figure 12,12A) 68 Transverse Hall 75 Transverse Hall 75 VII. East Wall (see figure 13,13A) 75 VII. East wall - south side (figure 13,13A) 75 VII.A Kha-em-hat is giving offerings (sunken relief – see figure 13, 13A) 75 Similar scenes found in other tombs (Deceased preform rituals) 81 Conclusion 83 VII.B East wall - south side - lower register (sub-scene) 84 VIII. Remains of storehouse scene (see figure 13,13A) 88 VIII.A Kha-em-hat offerings to goddess Renenut, mistress of harvesting (see figure 15,15A) 89 IX.Unloading freight ships scene (lower register right-side wall – see figure 16,16A) 94 X. South wall (see figures 18-23) 100 X.A South wall - east side next to statues (see figure 19,19A) 103 X.B South wall - west side - next to southern statues (see figure.20, 20A) 106 X.C Statues (see figure 18) 111 X.D Seated woman between the legs of the statues (see figure 21,21A) 111 Inscriptions on the statues 114 X.E Inscription on the west side statue belongs to Im-hotep (see figure 18, 22) 114 X.F Inscriptions of the east side statue belong to Kha-em-hat (see figure 22) 114 X.G South wall - east jamb (left-hand side – see figure 23) 116 X.H South wall - west jamb (right-hand side – see figure 23) 116 XI. West wall (see figures 24,24A) 120 XI.A. West wall - south side (see figure 24,24A) 120 XII. East wall - north side (see figure 25-25C) 131 XII.A Kha-em-hat is giving offering (see figure 25B) 134 XIII. Kha-em-hat inspecting the surveying of the fields (see figure 25C) 138 XIV. Hall - north wall (see figure 26, 26A) 155 XV.Hall - west wall - north side (see figure 27, 27A) 162 XV.A Ceiling of the transverse hall- north side (see figures 28 -30A) 172 XV.B Hall - west wall - door entrance - see figures 31-31A) 178 XV.C. Hall - west wall - door entrance - north door thickness (see figure 32) 185 XV.D Hall - west wall - door entrance - south door thickness (see figure 33) 191 Passage 195 East Wall (see figures 35, 35A - 36) 195 XVII. East wall - south side (see figure 36) 195 Passage 195 Passage - south wall (see figure 38 - 40A) 201 XVIII-XIX. Funeral procession and ceremonies (see figure 40,40A) 201 XVIII. Funeral procession (see figure 40,40A) 201 XIX. Osiris with western goddess (see figure 38) 202 XIX.A Mourners (see figure 40, 40A) 205 XIX.B Cryptography (no longer exists- see figure 39) 211 XIX.C. Equivelant Text 213 Passage - east wall - north side 228 XX. Deceased purified and acclaimed by priests (see figure 41) 228 XXI-XXII Passage - north wall (see figure 42, 42A) 231 XXI. Kha-em-hat on the mountain (see figure 44) 235 XXII. Kha-em-hat in a worshipping attitude (see figure 45, 45A) 262 Lower register 267 XXII.A Abydos Pilgrimage (see figure 42,42A) 267 XXIII. Passage - west wall 274 XXIII.A Passage - Ceiling: (see figure 47,47A) 285 Inner Room 294 Inner Room 294 Door way 294 Inner Room 294 XXIV. South niche statues (Kha-em-hat and his Mother – see figure 48, 48A) 295 XXIV.A East wall next to the southern statues (see figure 49 – 49C) 295 Squeezes 302 XXIV.B West wall next to the southern statues (see figure 50, 51) 302 XXV. Inner room - east wall (see figure 52-54) 305 XXV.A East wall next to the northern statues (see figure 52 - 54) 305 XXVI. North niche statues (Kha-em-hat as Maḥu with his wife Ty- see figure 55, 55A) 308 XXVI.A Inner room - west wall (next to southern statues - figure 56, 56A) 311 XXVI.B West wall (next to northern statues – see figure 57, 57A) 315 XXVII. West niche statues (see figure 58, 58.A) 317 XXVII.A Ritual of offering list 322 XXVII.B The Finds 333 XXVII.C Statue of Kha-em-hat in Brooklyn Museum 37.48E. (U.S.A.) 334 Bibliography 349 Back cover 363 Kha-em-hat,TT 57,West Luxor,tombs,tomb art,Egyptian religious rituals.