Tigers of the World: The Biology, Biopolitics, Management and Conservation of an Endangered Species (Noyes Series in Animal Behavior, Ecology, Conservation, and Management)

In the last 50 years the tiger population in Asia has plummeted from 100,000 to about 5,000. The number of tigers is dangerously low, and the conservation of the world's remaining tigers is of global concern. Now, in this volume, 40 world authorities on tigers from Asia, Europe, and North America have summarized and identified the management, conservation, and research needs for this endangered species. A new disciplineùconservation biologyùis emerging and this book is an early contribution. It spans and unites theory, laboratory, and field studies with management practices of both the wild and captive populations.The book is based on the international symposium held in Minnesota, discusses the tiger's systematics and taxonomy, its status both in the wild and captivity, reproductive biology, and management and conservation strategies. In addition, an entire section is devoted to a discussion of the white tiger. The tigers of Indonesia, Nepal, Siberia, and China, as well as captive tigers are discussed. Finally, the information in this book places real numbers on the remaining tiger populations, their habitat that is protected, and probabilities of these populations surviving an extinction. Bearing Witness : Observations On The Extinction Of Panthera Tigris Balica And Panthera Tigris Sondaica / John Seidensticker -- Setting The Molecular Clock In Felidae : The Great Cats, Panthera / Stephen J. O'brien, Glen E. Collier, Raoul E. Benveniste, William G. Nash, Andrea K. Newman, Janice M. Simonson, Mary A. Eichelberger, Ulysses S. Seal, Donald Janssen, Michael Bush And David Wildt -- The Phylogeny Of The Tiger (panthera Tigris) / Helmut Hemmer -- Use Of Electrophoretic Data In The Reevaluation Of Tiger Systematics / Anna M. Goebel And Donald H. Whitmore -- Subspecies And The Conservation Of Panthera Tigris : Preserving Genetic Heterogeneity / Sandra J. Herrington -- The Siberian Tiger (panthera Tigris Altaica-temminck 1844) In The Ussr : Status In The Wild And In Captivity / V.v. Spitsin, P.n. Romanov, S.v. Popov, And E.n. Smirnov -- Habitat Availability And Prospects For Tigers In China / Lu Houji --^ Tigers In Malaysia : Prospects For The Future / Mohammed Khan Bin Momin Khan -- Tiger Numbers And Habitat Evaluation In Indonesia / Charles Santiapillai And Widodo Sukohadi Ramono -- The Problem Tiger Of Bangladesh / Mohammad Ali Reze Khan -- Female Land Tenure System In Tigers / James L.d. Smith, Charles W. Mcdougal And Melvin E. Sunquist -- Project Tiger : The Reserves, The Tigers And Their Future / H.s. Panwar -- Tigers In India : A Critical Review Of Field Censuses / K. Ullas Karanth -- Status And Problems Of Captive Tigers In China / Tan Bangjie -- Nutritional Considerations In Captive Tiger Management / Ellen S. Dierenfeld -- Digestibility And Metabolizable Energy Of Diets For Captive Tigers / Michael Kurt Hackenberger, James L. Atkinson, Cheryl Niemuller And Robert F. Florkiewicz -- A Neonatal Growth Model For Captive Amur Tigers / G. Allen Binczik, N.j. Reindl, R. Taylor, U.s. Seal And R.l. Tilson --^ Clinical Management Of Captive Tigers / Mitchell Bush, Lyndsay G. Phillips, And Richard J. Montali -- Clinical Diseases Of Captive Tigers - European Literature / Bernd Seidel And Jutta Wisser -- Comments On The Tiger Disease / Siegfried Seifert And Peter Muller -- Antibiotic Therapy In The Bengal Tiger / Andrew Teare -- Behavioral Indicators And Endocrine Correlates Of Estrus And Anestrus In Siberian Tigers / Ulysses S. Seal, Ronald L. Tilson, Edward D. Plotka, Nicholas J. Reindl And Marialice F. Seal -- Seminal-endocrine Characteristics Of The Tiger And The Potential For Artificial Breeding / David E. Wildt, Lyndsay G. Phillips, Lee G. Simmons, Karen L. Goodrowe, Jogayle Howard, Janine L. Brown And Mitchell Bush -- Evaluation Of Tiger Fertility By The Sperm Penetration Assay / Hugh C. Hensleigh, Ann P. Byers, Gerald S. Post, Nicholas Reindl, Ulysses S. Seal, And Ronald L. Tilson --^ Artificial Insemination And Embryo Transfer In The Felidae / B.l. Dresser, C.s. Sehlhorst, G. Keller, L.w. Kramer, And B. Reece -- Chemical Communication In The Tiger And Leopard / R.l. Brahmachary And J. Dutta -- Species Survival Plans And Overall Management Strategies / Thomas J. Foose -- Captive Management Of South China Tigers (panthera Tigris Amoyensis) In China / Xiang Peilon -- South China Tiger Recovery Program / Xiang Peilon, Tan Bangjie, And Jia Xianggang -- The Genetic And Demographic Characteristics Of The 1983 Captive Population Of Sumatran Tigers (panthera Tigris Sumatrae) / Jonathan D. Ballou And John Seidensticker -- Development Of An International Captive Management Plan For Tigers / Siegfried Seifert And Peter Muller -- Possible Selection In Captive Panthera Tigris Altaica / Nathan R. Flesness And Karen G. Cronquist-jones -- White Tiger : Phantom Or Freak? / Edward J. Maruska -- White Tigers And Their Conservation / A.k. Roychoudhury --^ White Tigers : The Realities / Lee G. Simmons -- White Tigers And Species Survival Plans / Katherine Latinen -- Tigers In The Wild : The Biopolitical Challenges / Christen Wemmer, James L.d. Smith, And Hemanta R. Mishra -- Developing International Tiger Conservation Programs : U.s. Fish And Wildlife Service Cooperation With India And The U.s.s.r. / David A. Ferguson And Steven G. Kohl -- An Outline Strategy For The Conservation Of The Tiger (panthera Tigris) In Indonesia / Kenneth R. Ashby And Charles Santiapillai -- Managing Tigers In The Sundarbans : Experience And Opportunity / John Seidensticker -- Managing The Man-eaters In The Sundarbans Tiger Reserve Of India: A Case Study / P. Sanyal -- The Man-eating Tiger In Geographical And Historical Perspective / Charles Mcdougal -- Tigers In Nepal : Management Conflicts With Human Interests / Hemanta R. Mishra, Chris Wemmer, And J.l.d. Smith --^ A Tiger Geographic Information System : The First Step In A Global Conservation Strategy / J.l. David Smith, Chris Wemmer, And Hemanta R. Mishra -- Decision Analysis : A Tool For Tiger Conservation And Management / Lynn A. Maguire -- A Global Tiger Conservation Plan / Ulysses S. Seal, Peter Jackson, And Ronald L. Tilson. Edited By Ronald L. Tilson, Ulysses S. Seal. Papers Presented At The Symposium Held In Minneapolis On Apr. 13-17, 1986; Sponsored By The Minnesota Zoological Garden And The Iucn/ssc Captive Breeding And Cat Specialist Groups. Includes Bibliographies And Indexes. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. Cover Page......Page 1 Copyright......Page 5 Foreword......Page 6 Preface......Page 8 Contributors......Page 12 Contents (with page links)......Page 16 1 Bearing Witness: Observations on the Extinction of Panthera tigris balica and Panthera tigris sondaica......Page 32 PART I SYSTEMATICS AND TAXONOMY......Page 40 2 Setting the Molecular Clock in Felidae: The Great Cats, Panthera......Page 41 3 The Phylogeny of the Tiger (Panthera tigris)......Page 59 4 Use of Electrophoretic Data in the Reevaluation of Tiger Systematics......Page 67 5 Subspecies and the Conservation of Panthera tigris: Preserving Genetic Heterogeneity......Page 82 PART II STATUS IN THE WILD......Page 94 6 The Siberian Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica-Temminck 1844) in the USSR: Status in the Wild and in Captivity......Page 95 7 Habitat Availability and Prospectsfor Tigers in China......Page 102 8 Tigers in Malaysia: Prospects for the Future......Page 106 9 Tiger Numbers and Habitat Evaluation in Indonesia......Page 116 10 The Problem Tiger of Bangladesh......Page 123 11 Female Land Tenure System in Tigers......Page 128 12 Project Tiger: The Reserves, the Tigers and Their Future......Page 141 13 Tigers in India: A Critical Review of Field Censuses......Page 149 PART III STATUS IN CAPTIVITY......Page 164 14 Status and Problems of Captive Tigers in China......Page 165 15 Nutritional Considerations in Captive Tiger Management......Page 180 16 Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy of Diets for Captive Tigers......Page 192 17 A Neonatal Growth Model for Captive Amur Tigers......Page 198 18 Clinical Management of Captive Tigers......Page 202 19 Clinical Diseases of Captive Tigers European Literature......Page 236 20 Comments on the "Tiger Disease"......Page 262 21 Antibiotic Therapy in the Bengal Tiger......Page 265 PART IV REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY......Page 274 22 Behavioral Indicators and Endocrine Correlates of Estrus and Anestrus in Siberian Tigers......Page 275 23 Seminal-Endocrine Characteristics of the Tiger and the Potential for Artificial Breeding......Page 286 24 Evaluation of Tiger Fertility by the Sperm Penetration Assay......Page 311 25 Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer in the Felidae......Page 318 26 Chemical Communication in the Tiger and Leopard......Page 327 PART V CAPTIVE MANAGEMENT......Page 334 27 Species Survival Plans and Overall Management Strategies......Page 335 28 Captive Management of South China Tigers (Panthera tigris amoyensis) in China......Page 348 29 South China Tiger Recovery Program......Page 354 30 The Genetic and Demographic Characteristics of the 1983 Captive Population of Sumatran Tigers(Panthera tigris sumatrae)......Page 360 31 Development of an International Captive Management Plan for Tigers......Page 379 32 Possible Selection in Captive Panthera tigris altaica......Page 394 PART VI WHITE TIGER POLITICS......Page 402 33 White Tiger: Phantom or Freak?......Page 403 34 White Tigers and Their Conservation......Page 411 35 White Tigers: The Realities......Page 420 36 White Tigers and Species Survival Plans......Page 422 PART VII CONSERVATION STRATEGIES......Page 426 37 Tigers in the Wild: The Biopolitical Challenges......Page 427 38 Developing International Tiger Conservation Programs: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Cooperation with India and the U.S.S.R.......Page 437 39 An Outline Strategy for the Conservation of the Tiger (Panthera tigris) in Indonesia......Page 442 40 Managing Tigers in the Sundarbans: Experience and Opportunity......Page 447 41 Managing the Man-Eaters in the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve of India - A Case Study......Page 458 42 The Man-Eating Tiger in Geographical and Historical Perspective......Page 466 43 Tigers in Nepal: Management Conflicts with Human Interests......Page 480 44 A Tiger Geographic Information System: The First Step in a Global Conservation Strategy......Page 495 45 Decision Analysis: A Tool for Tiger Conservation and Management......Page 506 46 A Global Tiger Conservation Plan......Page 518 Species Index (with page links)......Page 530 Subject Index (with page links)......Page 533 In the last 50 years the tiger population in Asia has plummeted from 100,000 to about 5,000. The number of tigers is dangerously low, and the conservation of the world's remaining tigers is of global concern. Now, in this volume, 40 world authorities on tigers from Asia, Europe, and North America have summarized and identified the management, conservation, and research needs for this endangered species. A new disciplineuconservation biologyuis emerging and this book is an early contribution. It spans and unites theory, laboratory, and field studies with management practices of both the wild and captive populations. The book is based on the international symposium held in Minnesota, discusses the tiger's systematics and taxonomy, its status both in the wild and captivity, reproductive biology, and management and conservation strategies. In addition, an entire section is devoted to a discussion of the white tiger. The tigers of Indonesia, Nepal, Siberia, and China, as well as captive tigers are discussed. Finally, the information in this book places real numbers on the remaining tiger populations, their habitat that is protected, and probabilities of these populations surviving an extinction. Based on the international symposium held in Minnesota, this book discusses the tiger's systematics and taxonomy, its status both in the wild and captivity, reproductive biology, and management and conservation strategies.