Three Ways of Thought in Ancient China (China: History, Philosophy, Economics)

First published in 1939. This book consists chiefly of extracts from Chuang Tzu, Mencius and Han Fei Tzu. Chuang Tzu's appeal is to the imagination; the appeal of mencius is to the moral feelings; realism, as expounded by Han Fei Tzu , finds a close parallel in modern Totalitarianism and as a result these extracts from a book of the third century B.C. nonetheless have a very contemporary connection. Front Cover 1 Three Ways of Thought in Ancient China 4 Copyright Page 5 Contents 9 Preface 12 Chauang Tzu 16 Part I. The Realm of Nothing Whatever 17 Stories of Chuang Tzu and Hui Tzu 17 Stories of Lao Tzu and Confucius 29 The Ancients 37 The Brigand and the Sage 39 Death 51 The Cicada and the Wren 54 Yoga 59 King Mu and the Wizard 63 Yang-shêng 67 The Taoist and Tao 74 Dim Your Light 79 Buried among the People 83 Part II. Politics 87 Contemporary Events 87 The Uncarved Block 96 The Golden Age 98 Government 102 Dealing with the World 108 Mencius 114 The Better Feelings 114 Government by Goodness 117 Mencius and the Kings 122 The Kings of Wei 122 The Duke of Têng 125 The Three Years Mourning 128 Mencius and tIhe king of Sung 136 Mencius and the king of Ch'i 142 The Yen Episode 151 The Handling of Sages 154 Great Men 159 The Rival Schools 161 Mo Tzu 162 Mencius and the Agriculturalists 184 Ch'ên Chung 188 Mencius and the Disciples 191 Methods of Argument 192 The Realists 196 Affinities of the Realists 196 The Realist Conception of Law 206 The People and the Law 208 Smith and Wesson 212 Agriculture and War 214 Classes to be Eliminated 220 The Past 228 The Ruler 229 Power 234 The Art of the Courtier 236 Epilogue. Realism in Action 245 Appendix I. The Sources 253 Appendix II. Hsün Tzu on Mencius Chutang Tzu on Shên Tao 257 Appendix III. Rites for Defensive War 260 Appendix IV. Biographies 262 Finding List 263 Index 265 Textual Notes 269