Three-Dimensional Exploration Technology of Tunnel Geology (Key Technologies for Tunnel Construction under Complex Geological and Environmental Conditions)

This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the new geophysical detection theories, methods and technologies of tunnel engineering under complex geological conditions and environments. It mainly focuses on the application of 3D seismic technique, 3D high-power resistivity sounding, and 3D GPR, etc. There are 7 chapters in the book. Chapter 1 introduces the state of the art and developing trends of geophysical detection technologies for tunnel engineering. Chapter 2 analyzes the complex geological conditions and environments for tunnel construction and the latest geophysical detection technologies. Chapter 3 to Chapter 7 systematically elaborate on the 3D seismic techniques, 3D detection technologies for water content in tunnel surrounding rocks, 3D detection technologies for side/back slope, 3D detection technologies for shield tunneling, and 3D detection technologies for collapse treatment of tunnel construction. The book presents numerous case studies to illustrate the applications of these technologies. Foreword by Jun Sun 6 Foreword by Qihu Qian 11 Preface 14 About This Book 16 Contents 17 1 Introduction 21 1.1 Overview of Engineering Geophysical Exploration 21 1.1.1 Engineering Geophysical Exploration Concept 21 1.1.2 Engineering Geophysical Exploration Method and Application 21 1.1.3 Engineering Geophysical Exploration Mission 23 1.1.4 Main Features of Engineering Geophysical Exploration 24 1.1.5 Development History of Engineering Geophysical Exploration in China 25 1.2 Analysis of Current Status of Engineering Geophysical Exploration at Home and Abroad 25 1.2.1 Status of Domestic Engineering Geophysical Exploration and Detection Technology 25 1.2.2 Status of Engineering Geophysical Exploration and Detection Equipment at Home and Abroad 27 1.2.3 Development Trend of Engineering Geophysical Exploration and Detection at Home and Abroad 28 1.3 Prospects for the Development of Tunnel Detection Technology Under Complex Geological Conditions 30 2 Complex Geological Conditions and Detection Technology of Tunnel 31 2.1 Tunnel Complex Geological Conditions 32 2.2 Tunnel Geological Diseases 39 2.3 New Detection Technology for Complex Geological Conditions 41 2.3.1 Seismic Wave Method 42 2.3.2 Electrical Method 44 3 Three-Dimensional Advanced Prediction Technology for Tunnel Geological Structure 49 3.1 Comment on Advanced Prediction Technology of Tunnel Geological Structure at Home and Abroad 50 3.2 Three-Dimensional Wave Field Theory of Underground Surrounding Rock 54 3.2.1 Basic Theory of Seismic Wave 54 3.2.2 Three-Dimensional Tunnel Geological Prediction Theory of Seismic Wave Method 76 3.3 Processing and Imaging of Signal of Three-Dimensional Tunnel Geological Advance Prediction 95 3.3.1 Signal Processing of 3D Tunnel Geological Advance Prediction 95 3.3.2 Imaging Theory of Three-Dimensional Tunnel Advance Geological Prediction 125 3.4 Three-Dimensional Tunnel Geological Advance Prediction System 130 3.4.1 Signal Acquisition System of Three-Dimensional Tunnel Geological Advance Prediction 130 3.4.2 Imaging Software of 3D Geological Advance Prediction Technology 140 3.4.3 Analysis Software of 3D Tunnel Geological Advance Prediction 145 3.5 Typical Case 160 3.5.1 Case 1 of the Application of the Three-Dimensional Tunnel Advance Prediction System in the Tunnel 160 3.5.2 Case 2 of Application of 3D Tunnel Advance Prediction System in Tunnel 167 3.5.3 Case 3 of Application of 3D Tunnel Advance Prediction System in Tunnel 170 3.5.4 Case 4 of Application of 3D Tunnel Advance Prediction System in Tunnel 172 4 Three-Dimensional Detection Technique for Groundwater-Containing Potential of Tunnel Surrounding Rocks 174 4.1 Evaluation and Analysis on Advance Water Exploration Technology of Tunnels at Home and Abroad 174 4.2 High-Power Electric Sounding Three-Dimensional Advance Forecasting Technology 175 4.2.1 High-Density Resistivity Method 175 4.2.2 Principle and Working Method of High-Power Electrical Sounding Three-Dimensional Detection 177 4.3 Ground Penetrating Radar Three-Dimensional Detection Technology 186 4.3.1 Detection Principle of Ground Penetrating Radar 186 4.3.2 Ground Penetrating Radar Three-Dimensional Detection Observation System and Method 188 4.4 Typical Cases 193 4.4.1 Application of High-Power Electric Sounding Three-Dimensional Detection Technology in a Tunnel 193 4.4.2 Application of Ground Penetrating Radar Three-Dimensional Detection Technology in a Tunnel 195 5 Three-Dimensional Detection Technology for the Side Slope of the Tunnel 200 5.1 Characteristics of the Side Slope of the Tunnel 200 5.1.1 Overview of the Characteristics of the Side Slope of the Tunnel 200 5.1.2 Factors Affecting the Stability of the Side Slope of the Tunnel 201 5.2 Typical Case 202 5.2.1 Application of High-Density Resistivity Method in a Tunnel 202 5.2.2 Application of High-Density Resistivity Method in a Tunnel 214 6 Three-Dimensional Detection Technology of TBM in Tunnel 223 6.1 Shield Method on Urban Subways 223 6.2 The Basic Principle of Seismic Reflection and Scattering Combined Imaging Technology 224 6.3 Typical Cases 229 6.3.1 Application of the Combined Imaging of Shallow Seismic Reflection and Scattering in a Shallow Tunnel 229 6.3.2 Application of Ground Penetrating Radar 3D Detection Technology in Municipal Engineering 232 7 Three-Dimensional Detection Technology for Tunnel After Sudden Geological Disasters 235 7.1 Three-Dimensional Detection Technology for Tunnel After Sudden Geological Disasters 235 7.1.1 Seismic CT Detection Technology 235 7.1.2 Detection Technology of High-Density Resistivity Method 237 7.1.3 Ground Penetrating Radar Detection Technology 238 7.2 Typical Cases 239 7.2.1 Application of Seismic CT Technology and High-Density Resistivity Method in a Highway Tunnel in Yunnan 239 7.2.2 Application of Seismic CT Technology in a Highway Tunnel in Yunnan 251 7.2.3 Application of High-Density Resistivity Method and Seismic CT in a Tunnel 264 7.2.4 Application of High-Density Resistivity Method in a Tunnel 271 7.2.5 Application of Ground Penetrating Radar Method in a Tunnel in Hebei 279 7.2.6 Application of Ground Penetrating Radar Method in a Tunnel 282