Thomas Aquinas: Disputed Questions On The Virtues (cambridge Texts In The History Of Philosophy)

The great medieval philosopher Thomas Aquinas (1224/6-1274) was Dominican regent master in theology at the University of Paris, where he presided over a series of questions - academic debates - on ethical topics. This volume, first published in 2005, offers translations of disputed questions on the nature of virtues in general, the fundamental or 'cardinal' virtues of practical wisdom, justice, courage, and temperateness, the divinely bestowed virtues of hope and charity, and the practical question of how, when and why one should rebuke a 'brother' for wrongdoing. The introduction explains how Aquinas's theory of virtue fits into his ethics as a whole, and it illuminates Aquinas's views by explaining the institutional and intellectual context in which these disputed questions were debated. Cover 1 Half-Title 3 Series-title 4 Title 5 Copyright 6 Contents 9 Preface 10 Introduction 11 From natural law to virtue 13 Three reasons we need the virtues 16 Natural law and the virtues: affective virtues 17 Natural law and justice 19 Natural law and practical wisdom 20 Natural and supernatural goods 23 An application: the question on brotherly correction 27 Natural and supernatural virtues 28 A summary of the argument 31 Chronology 33 Further reading 35 Primary texts 35 Studies 36 Translator's note on the text 38 Abbreviations 39 Disputed Questions on the Virtues 43 On the Virtues in General 45 Article 1: Whether the virtues are dispositions 45 Objections 45 But on the other hand 47 My reply 48 Replies to objections 50 Article 2: Whether the definition of virtue given by Augustine is appropriate, i.e. ‘virtue is a good quality of mind by... 53 Objections 53 My reply 55 Replies to objections 56 Article 3: Whether a capacity of the soul can be a possessor of virtue 58 Objections 58 But on the other hand 59 My reply 59 Replies to objections 60 Article 4: Whether the aggressive or the sensual parts of the soul can be the possessors of virtue 60 Objections 60 But on the other hand 63 My reply 63 Replies to objections 65 Article 5: Whether the will is a possessor of virtue 68 Objections 68 But on the other hand 70 My reply 71 Replies to objections 72 In response to the points under 'But on the other hand' 73 Article 6: Whether virtue is found in practical intelligence as its possessor 74 Objections 74 But on the other hand 75 My reply 75 Replies to objections 77 Article 7: Whether virtue is found in the theoretical intelligence 79 Objections 79 But on the other hand 79 My reply 80 Replies to objections 82 Article 8: Whether the virtues are in us by nature 84 Objections 84 But on the other hand 86 My reply 87 Replies to objections 90 Article 9: Whether we acquire the virtues by our actions 92 Objections 92 But on the other hand 95 My reply 96 Replies to objections 98 Article 10: Whether some virtues are infused into us 102 Objections 102 But on the other hand 106 My reply 106 Replies to objections 108 Article 11: Whether infused virtue may be increased 113 Objections 113 But on the other hand 115 My reply 115 Replies to objections 119 Article 12: Whether the virtues are properly distinguished from one another 122 Objections 122 But on the other hand 126 My reply 126 Replies to objections 129 Article 13: Whether virtue is found in a mid-point 135 Objections 135 But on the other hand 139 My reply 139 Replies to objections 141 On Charity 147 Article 1: Whether charity is something created in the soul or is the Holy Spirit itself 147 Objections 147 But on the other hand 151 My reply 151 Replies to objections 154 Article 2: Whether charity is a virtue 157 Objections 157 But on the other hand 159 My reply 159 Replies to objections 161 Article 3: Whether charity is the form of the virtues 163 Objections 163 But on the other hand 166 My reply 166 Replies to objections 167 Article 4: Whether charity is a single virtue 170 Objections 170 But on the other hand 172 My reply 172 Replies to objections 173 Article 5: Whether charity is a specific virtue, distinct from the other virtues, or not 175 Objections 175 But on the other hand 177 My reply 177 Replies to objections 178 Article 6: Whether charity can coexist with mortal sin 180 Objections 180 But on the other hand 182 My reply 182 Replies to objections 183 Article 7: Whether the object that is to be loved through charity is a rational nature 186 Objections 186 But on the other hand 189 My reply 189 Replies to objections 191 Article 8: Whether loving our enemies belongs to the fullness of a counsel 193 Objections 193 But on the other hand 196 My reply 197 Replies to Objections 198 Article 9: Whether there is some ordering within charity 201 Objections 201 But on the other hand 204 My reply 204 Replies to objections 205 Article 10: Whether it is possible in this life to possess complete charity 208 Objections 208 But on the other hand 209 My reply 209 Replies to objections 211 Responses to arguments under ‘But on the other hand’ 213 Article 11: Whether we are all obliged to possess complete charity 213 Objections 213 But on the other hand 215 My reply 215 Replies to objections 216 Article 12: Whether charity once possessed can be lost 221 Objections 221 But on the other hand 225 My reply 225 Replies to objections 228 Article 13: Whether charity is lost through a single act of mortal sin 232 Objections 232 But on the other hand 233 My reply 233 Replies to objections 234 On Brotherly Correction 237 Article 1: Whether there is a precept about brotherly correction 237 Objections 237 But on the other hand 240 My reply 241 Replies to objections 243 Article 2: Whether the order for brotherly correction laid down in Matthew 18:15–17 counts as a precept 246 Objections 246 But on the other hand 251 My reply 251 Replies to objections 253 On Hope 259 Article 1: Whether hope is a virtue 259 Objections 259 But on the other hand 261 My reply 262 Replies to objections 264 Article 2: Whether hope is found in the will as its possessor 268 Objections 268 But on the other hand 268 My reply 268 Replies to objections 269 Article 3: Whether hope is prior to charity 269 Objections 269 But on the other hand 271 My reply 271 Replies to objections 273 Article 4: Whether only those on the journey possess hope 274 Objections 274 But on the other hand 277 My reply 277 Replies to objections 278 On the Cardinal Virtues 283 Article 1: Whether there are four cardinal virtues, i.e. practical wisdom, justice, courage, and temperateness 283 Objections 283 But on the other hand 286 My reply 286 Replies to objections 288 Article 2: Whether the virtues are interconnected in such a way that if you possess one of them, you possess them all 292 Objections 292 But on the other hand 295 My reply 295 Replies to objections 297 Article 3: Whether all the virtues within a person are equal 301 Objections 301 But on the other hand 304 My reply 305 Replies to objections 310 Replies to objections under 'But on the other hand' 311 Article 4: Whether when we are in our homeland the cardinal virtues will remain 311 Objections 311 But on the other hand 313 My reply 314 Replies to objections 316 Terminology and glossary 320 Terminology 320 Glossary 320 Table of parallel questions 325 DQVirtGen 325 DQChar 325 DQBrCorr 326 DQHope 326 DQCard 326 Index of scriptural citations 327 Index of non-scriptural citations 331 Index of names and subjects 338 Cover......Page 1 Half-Title......Page 3 Series-title......Page 4 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Contents......Page 9 Preface......Page 10 Introduction......Page 11 From natural law to virtue......Page 13 Three reasons we need the virtues......Page 16 Natural law and the virtues: affective virtues......Page 17 Natural law and justice......Page 19 Natural law and practical wisdom......Page 20 Natural and supernatural goods......Page 23 An application: the question on brotherly correction......Page 27 Natural and supernatural virtues......Page 28 A summary of the argument......Page 31 Chronology......Page 33 Primary texts......Page 35 Studies......Page 36 Translator's note on the text......Page 38 Abbreviations......Page 39 Disputed Questions on the Virtues......Page 43 Objections......Page 45 But on the other hand......Page 47 My reply......Page 48 Replies to objections......Page 50 Objections......Page 53 My reply......Page 55 Replies to objections......Page 56 Objections......Page 58 My reply......Page 59 Objections......Page 60 My reply......Page 63 Replies to objections......Page 65 Objections......Page 68 But on the other hand......Page 70 My reply......Page 71 Replies to objections......Page 72 In response to the points under 'But on the other hand'......Page 73 Objections......Page 74 My reply......Page 75 Replies to objections......Page 77 But on the other hand......Page 79 My reply......Page 80 Replies to objections......Page 82 Objections......Page 84 But on the other hand......Page 86 My reply......Page 87 Replies to objections......Page 90 Objections......Page 92 But on the other hand......Page 95 My reply......Page 96 Replies to objections......Page 98 Objections......Page 102 My reply......Page 106 Replies to objections......Page 108 Objections......Page 113 My reply......Page 115 Replies to objections......Page 119 Objections......Page 122 My reply......Page 126 Replies to objections......Page 129 Objections......Page 135 My reply......Page 139 Replies to objections......Page 141 Objections......Page 147 My reply......Page 151 Replies to objections......Page 154 Objections......Page 157 My reply......Page 159 Replies to objections......Page 161 Objections......Page 163 My reply......Page 166 Replies to objections......Page 167 Objections......Page 170 My reply......Page 172 Replies to objections......Page 173 Objections......Page 175 My reply......Page 177 Replies to objections......Page 178 Objections......Page 180 My reply......Page 182 Replies to objections......Page 183 Objections......Page 186 My reply......Page 189 Replies to objections......Page 191 Objections......Page 193 But on the other hand......Page 196 My reply......Page 197 Replies to Objections......Page 198 Objections......Page 201 My reply......Page 204 Replies to objections......Page 205 Objections......Page 208 My reply......Page 209 Replies to objections......Page 211 Objections......Page 213 My reply......Page 215 Replies to objections......Page 216 Objections......Page 221 My reply......Page 225 Replies to objections......Page 228 Objections......Page 232 My reply......Page 233 Replies to objections......Page 234 Objections......Page 237 But on the other hand......Page 240 My reply......Page 241 Replies to objections......Page 243 Objections......Page 246 My reply......Page 251 Replies to objections......Page 253 Objections......Page 259 But on the other hand......Page 261 My reply......Page 262 Replies to objections......Page 264 My reply......Page 268 Objections......Page 269 My reply......Page 271 Replies to objections......Page 273 Objections......Page 274 My reply......Page 277 Replies to objections......Page 278 Objections......Page 283 My reply......Page 286 Replies to objections......Page 288 Objections......Page 292 My reply......Page 295 Replies to objections......Page 297 Objections......Page 301 But on the other hand......Page 304 My reply......Page 305 Replies to objections......Page 310 Objections......Page 311 But on the other hand......Page 313 My reply......Page 314 Replies to objections......Page 316 Glossary......Page 320 DQChar......Page 325 DQCard......Page 326 Index of scriptural citations......Page 327 Index of non-scriptural citations......Page 331 Index of names and subjects......Page 338 The main objective of Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy is to expand the range, variety and quality of texts in the history of philosophy which are available in English. The series includes texts by familiar names (such as Descartes and Kant) and also by less well-known authors. Wherever possible, texts are published in complete and unabridged form, and translations are specially commissioned for the series. Each volume contains a critical introduction together with a guide to further reading and any necessary glossaries and textual apparatus. The volumes are designed for student use at undergraduate and postgraduate level and will be of interest not only to students of philosophy but also to a wider audience of readers in the history of science, the history of theology and the history of ideas.The great medieval philosopher Thomas Aquinas (1224/6-1274) was Dominican Regent Master in Theology at the University of Paris, where he presided over a series of questions - academic debates - on ethical topics. This volume offers new translations of disputed questions on the nature of virtues in general, the fundamental or 'cardinal' virtues of practical wisdom, justice, courage and temperateness, the divinely bestowed virtues of hope and charity, and the practical question of how, when and why one should rebuke a 'brother' for wrongdoing. The introduction explains how Aquinas's theory of virtue fits into his ethics as a whole, and it illuminates Aquinas's views by explaining the institutional and intellectual context in which these disputed questions were debated.

The great medieval philosopher Thomas Aquinas (1224/6-1274) was Dominican regent master in theology at the University of Paris, where he presided over a series of academic debates on ethical topics. This volume offers new translations of disputed questions on the nature of virtue. The introduction explains how Aquinas' theory of virtue fits into his conception of ethics as a whole, and clarifies Aquinas's views by explaining the institutional and intellectual context in which the disputed questions were debated.

Aquinas was Dominican regent master in theology at the University of Paris, where he presided over a series of questions -- academic debates -- on ethical topics. This volume offers new translations of disputed questions and an introduction that explains how Aquinas's theory of virtue fits into his ethics as a whole. The great medieval philosopher Thomas Aquinas was Dominican regent master in theology at the University of Paris, where he presided over a series of questions - academic debates - on ethical topics. This text offers new translations of disputed questionson the nature of virtues in general