Third Sector Research

To mark the 20 th Anniversary of Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations the editor has compiled a comprehensive overview of contemporary debates in third sector scholarship, comprised of all original research by leaders in the field. The volume will offer a critical review of the central and innovative themes that have come to form the core of third sector debate and research with an international focus. The first global compendium of third sector research, this volume provides a international, multi-disciplinary, and state-of-the-art overview of the field. The contributions not only examine and review the existing scholarship, but introduce new perspectives and thinking on the third sector―especially in terms of future implications around the world. Topics covered include: -History and Development of the Field -New Trends in Volunteering and Philanthropy -Volunteering and Participation in Developing Countries -Leadership and Governance -Corporate Responsibility -Social Capital -Global Civil Society This seminal volume provides a broad and comprehensive look at the field of Third Sector Research, of primary interest to researchers in political science, sociology, development studies, and nonprofit leadership programs. Contents Contributors Abbreviations About the Authors 1 Moving Beyond Empirical Theory The Rise of Third Sector Research Theorizing the Third Sector Third Sector Research as Empirical Theory Beyond Empirical Theory References 2 Defining and Theorizing the Third Sector Introduction Defining the Third Sector Theorizing the Third Sector as Process Conclusion References 3 Sector Labels Introduction The Structure of Sector Concepts The Voluntary Approach Third Sector The Civil Label The Nonprofit Label Conclusion: Integration and Autonomy References 4 Social Origins Introduction Social Origins Theory Critiques of Social Origins Theory Applying Social Origins Theory to Ireland Discussion and Conclusions References 5 The Civil Society Index Introduction Civil Society as an Apolitical Field of Enquiry Bringing Politics Back In Third Sector Research: The CSI as a Political Enquiry References 6 Social Economy Introduction The Rise of Not-For-Profit Organizations The Concept of Social Economy A Normative Perspective A Legal/Institutional Perspective Terminological Debate Researching the Social Economy Final Considerations References 7 Volunteering Introduction: The State of the Art and Beyond Antecedents of Volunteering: Toward a Macro-Structural Theory The Process of Volunteering: Styles, Stages, and Transitions Volunteering and Social Change: Emergence of the Reflexive Volunteer Trends in Volunteering Innovations in Volunteer Management Volunteering and Third Sector Change The Value of Volunteering: What is it Worth? Conclusion: A Kaleidoscopic View References 8 Volunteering in Developing Countries Introduction Case Studies: Mexico and South Africa The South African Context for Volunteering: History and Background The Mexican Context for Volunteering: History and Background Comparative Analysis References 9 Participation Introduction Arguments for Participation in the Third Sector The Fulfilment of Functions Accountability, Legitimacy, and Deliberative Participation Arguments Against Participation in the Third Sector Exit and Voice The Threat to Freedom of Association Levels of Participation Variables of Participation Conclusion References 10 Philanthropy Introduction The Nature of Philanthropy The Philanthropic Impulse The Expressions of Philanthropy The Location of Philanthropy The Values of Philanthropy Conclusion References 11 Leadership and Governance Introduction Leadership or Management? Narrow Concepts of Leadership Leadership as Management Leadership as Transformation Governance Leadership in Action: Case Study Evidence Social Care Case Study Affordable Housing Conclusion References 12 Nonprofit Marketing Introduction Evolution and Definition of Nonprofit Marketing Nonprofit Marketing Research Reviewed Social Marketing Operative Marketing in Nonprofit Organizations Strategic Marketing in Nonprofit Organizations Cause-Related Marketing Fundraising Lobbying Transparency and Accountability through Nonprofit Marketing Conclusion References 13 Social Accounting Introduction The Emergence of Social Accounting Critiques of Social Accounting Nonprofit Accounting Multiple Accountabilities Accountability Frameworks Three Approaches to Social Accounting for Nonprofits Global Reporting Initiative The GRI in Use Balanced Scorecard Approach Balanced Scorecard in Use Expanded Value Added Statement The EVAS in Use Conclusion References 14 Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction What is CSR? Moral Aspects of CSR The Business Case for CSR The Efficiency and Effectiveness of Business New Systems of Governance The Impact of CSR on the CorporateThird Sector Relationship Implications for Third Sector Research References 15 Third SectorGovernment Partnerships Introduction Partnerships: A Difficult Topic The Challenge of Multifunctionality The Legal Environment of Partnerships: Terrain to Be Discovered Partnership Arrangements in the Light of Governance The Advocacy or Lobbying Perspective The Public Policy Perspective Rationales and Functions of Third Sector Partnership Arrangements Najam's Four-C's Model Young--s Typology of Third Sector--Government Arrangements Salamon's Interdependence Theory Seibel's Theory of Functional Dilettantism Social Origins Theory Concluding Comments References 16 Social Capital Introduction Specification of Hypotheses Data and Operationalizations Empirical Analysis: Individual-Level Data Aggregate Data Testing the Causal Link at the Micro-level Discussion and Conclusion References 17 Transforming Democracy? Introduction Models of Democracy The Third Sector as a Democratic Actor Challenges for the Third Sector Addressing the Challenges Conclusion References 18 The Dark Side Introduction Case Study One: Elite Partnerships for Managing the Planets Resources? Case Study Two: International Anti-poverty NGOs and the Global Social Policy Consensus Case Study Three: Fighting Corruption Cautiously Discussion and Conclusion References 19 Philanthropy in an Era of Global Governance Introduction Philanthropy and Social Policy as the Politics of Well-Being Philanthropic Governing Capacitys Depolitization of Well-Being Conclusion References 20 The Question of the Poor Introduction The Question of the Poor in Theory and Practice Invisible or Insurgent Citizens: The Engagement of the Poor in India Case Studies of the Livelihood Struggles of the Poor in India The Case of SPARC: Poor Pavement Dwellers The Case of MKSS: The Right to Information for the Rural Poor Conclusion: Toward Participatory Democracy and Inclusive Development References 21 Global Environmental Engagement Introduction Global Environmental Change and Epistemic Communities Global Environmental Politics and the Third Sector Non-State Actors and Third Sector Legitimacy, Accountability, and Organizational Form The Earth System and a Sustainable Future References 22 Global Civil Society Introduction An Emancipatory Concept An Anti-Democratic Concept A Contested Terrain Theoretical Renewal References 23 The World Social Forum Introduction The WSF as Network Form The World Social Forum at the Crossroads Wither WSF Politics? References Index