Third-Generation and Wideband HF Radio Communications (Mobile Communications)

Written by the developers of the new 21st century HF (high frequency) radio technology, this groundbreaking resource presents the powerful new capabilities and technical details of 3G and WBHF (wideband high frequency) waveforms to help you understand and use the ionospheric channel for video and high-speed data transmission. Featuring more than 150 illustrations, this practical book enables you to utilize this technology to communicate voice and data over the horizon without needing anyone else s infrastructure, send video beyond line of sight from moving platforms, and communicate over long ranges below the noise floor. You learn the rationale behind the new US and NATO standards for HF radio communications directly from their developers. Additionally, the book looks at the future direction of this technology and areas requiring further research. HF Radio. The HF Channel. Data Transmission In 3 KHZ Channels. Automatic Link Establishment. Third Generation Technology. WBHF. Future Directions. Third-Generation and Wideband HF Radio Communications Contents Preface Chapter 1 HF Radio 1.1 HF Radio Transmissions 1.2 HF Antennas 1.2.1 Transmitting Antennas 1.2.2 Receiving Antennas 1.2.3 Antenna Polarization 1.3 HF Radio in the Computer Age 1.4 Summary References Chapter 2 The HF Channel 2.1 Surface-Wave Propagation 2.2 Skywave Propagation 2.2.1 The Ionosphere 2.2.2 Ionospheric Propagation 2.2.3 Near Vertical Incidence Skywave 2.2.4 Skywave Fading 2.3 Noise in the High-Frequency Band 2.4 Models of the HF Communication Chann 2.4.1 Propagation Prediction 2.4.2 The Watterson Model 2.4.3 Midterm Variation 2.5 Summary References Chapter 3 Data Transmission in 3-kHz Channels 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Data Waveforms 3.2.1 Design Space 3.2.2 PSK Serial-Tone Waveforms 3.2.3 MIL-STD-188-110B and STANAG 4539 3.3 ARQ for HF Radio Data Links 3.3.1 Introduction to ARQ Protocols for 3.3.2 FED-STD-1052 3.3.3 STANAG 5066 3.4 Channel Sharing 3.4.1 Media Access Control Options 3.4.2 HF Token Protocol References Chapter 4 Automatic Link Establishment 4.1 Introduction 4.2 ALE Signal Structure 4.2.1 ALE Modem 4.2.2 ALE Word 4.2.3 Forward Error Correction 4.3 ALE Addressing 4.4 Automatic Channel Selection 4.4.1 Scanning 4.4.2 Sounding 4.4.3 Link Quality Analysis 4.5 ALE Protocols 4.5.1 Frame Structure 4.5.2 Individual Calling Protocol 4.5.3 Net Calling Protocol 4.5.4 Group Calling Protocol 4.5.5 Other One-to-Many Calling Protocol 4.5.6 Timing 4.5.7 ALE Performance Requirements 4.5.8 Orderwire Functions 4.6 Linking Protection 4.6.1 Requirements 4.6.2 LP Technique 4.6.3 Application Levels and Algorithms 4.6.4 Time Synchronization References Chapter 5 Third-Generation Technology 5.1 Introduction to the 3G HF Technology 5.2 Burst Waveforms 5.2.1 Generic Structure of the Burst Wav 5.2.2 Burst Waveform 0 (BW0) 5.2.3 Burst Waveform 1 (BW1) 5.2.4 Burst Waveform 2 (BW2) 5.2.5 Burst Waveform 3 (BW3) 5.2.6 Burst Waveform 4 (BW4) 5.2.7 Burst Waveform 5 (BW5) 5.3 Third-Generation Automatic Link Esta 5.3.1 Synchronous Operation 5.3.2 3G Frequency Management 5.3.3 3G-ALE Addressing 5.3.4 Fast Link Setup 5.3.5 Robust Link Setup 5.3.6 3G ALE Performance 5.4 Traffic Management 5.4.1 TM PDUs 5.4.2 TM Protocol Operation 5.5 Data Transfer 5.5.1 3G Data Link Protocols: A New Appr 5.5.2 LDL: Low-Latency Data Link Protoco 5.5.3 High-Throughput Data Link Protocol 5.5.4 HDL+ Data Link Protocol 5.5.5 3G Data Link Performance 5.6 Automatic Link Maintenance 5.6.1 ALM PDUs 5.6.2 ALM Protocol Operations 5.7 3G Multicasting 5.7.1 Introduction 5.7.2 P_MUL 5.7.3 MDL 5.7.4 MDLN Protocol 5.7.5 Conclusion 5.8 3G Performance in Internet Applicati 5.8.1 Characteristics of Internet Applic 5.8.2 Interaction of Internet Protocols 5.9 Field Testing 5.10 Summary of 3G HF Technology References Chapter 6 Wideband HF 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Need for Higher Data Rates 6.2.1 Large Files to Fast Movers 6.2.2 Surveillance Video 6.2.3 Common Operating Picture (Surface- 6.3 Achieving Higher Data Rates 6.3.1 3-kHz Waveforms 6.3.2 Multichannel Waveforms 6.3.3 Wider Contiguous Bandwidth Wavefor 6.3.4 Best Approach for WBHF 6.4 Standardization of Wideband HF Techn 6.4.1 Design Goals 6.4.2 WBHF Waveform Design 6.4.3 WBHF Data Modulations 6.4.4 Synchronization Preamble 6.4.5 Data Blocks and Miniprobes 6.4.6 Interleaving 6.4.7 FEC 6.4.8 Standardized Feature Packages 6.4.9 WBHF Performance Requirements 6.5 WBHF Application Performance 6.5.1 Estimated Application Performance: 6.5.2 Estimated Application Performance: 6.5.3 Estimated Application Performance: 6.5.4 Robust Voice Communications 6.6 On-Air Testing 6.6.1 Harris On-Air Testing 6.6.2 Rockwell-Collins On-Air Testing 6.7 Operational Considerations References Chapter 7 Future Directions 7.1 Wideband ALE 7.1.1 Wideband ALE Design Considerations 7.1.2 A Conceptual WBALE System 7.1.3 Spectrum “Sense and Avoid” Demonst 7.1.4 A “Hybrid Simulation” Experiment 7.1.5 WBALE Summary 7.2 Staring ALE References Acronyms and Abbreviations About the Authors Index Written by the developers of the new 21st century HF (high frequency) radio technology, this resource presents the powerful new capabilities and technical details of 3G and WBHF (wideband high frequency) waveforms to help professionals understand and use the ionospheric channel for video and high-speed data transmission.