چیزهای شهر: آثار و ساکنان در کاپانگ عصر وایکینگ‌ها (پروژه کاوش کاپانگ)

English translation and revision: John Hines. In this third volume deriving from the excavations of the Viking town of Kaupang of 2000-2003, a range of artefacts is presented along with a discussion of the town's inhabitants: their origins, activities and trading connexions. The main categories of artefact are metal jewellery and ornaments, gemstones, vessel glass, pottery, finds of soapstone, whetstones and textile-production equipment. The artefacts are described and dated, and their areas of origin discussed. The volume is lavishly illustrated. An exceptional wealth and diversity of artefacts distinguishes sites such as Kaupang from all other types of site in the Viking World. Above all, they reflect the fact that a large population of some 400-600 people lived closely together in the town, engaged in a comprehensive range of production and trade. The stratigraphically distinct layers from the first half of the 9th century allow us to put precise dates to the finds, and to the buildings and evidence of activities associated with them. In this third volume deriving from the 2000-2003 excavations of the Viking town of Kaupang, a range of artefacts is presented along with a discussion of the town's inhabitants: their origins, activities, and trading connections. The main categories of artefact are metal jewellery and ornaments, gemstones, vessel glass, pottery, finds of soapstone, whetstones, and textile-production equipment. The artefacts are described and dated, and their areas of origin discussed. The volume is lavishly illustrated. An exceptional wealth and diversity of artefacts distinguishes sites such as Kaupang from all other types of site in the Viking World. Above all, they reflect the fact that a large population of some 400-600 people lived closely together in the town, engaged in a comprehensive range of production and trade. The stratigraphically distinct layers from the first half of the 9th century allow us to put precise dates to the finds, and to the buildings and evidence of activities associated with them. The finds and structural remains make it possible to identify the activities that took place within the six buildings excavated. We can distinguish between some buildings that were only temporarily in use and others that were permanently occupied. Several of the temporary buildings were used by a variety of craftsmen while those under permanent occupation were houses, and only to a secondary degree, workshops. Throughout the life of the town from c. AD 800-930, trade links with southern Scandinavia, the Baltic, and the Irish Sea would appear to have been strong. In the earliest phases of the town there was considerable trade with the Frisian regions, probably with Dorestad, but this link faded markedly in the second half of the 9th century, probably because of the abandonment of Dorestad. Within what is now Norway, Kaupang seems to have been supplied with goods from the interior of eastern Norway. Goods from around the western coasts of Norway, however, are practically invisible. Finds of personal equipment show that the inhabitants of the town were of diverse origins. Many of them were from southern and western Scandinavia, but there were also Frisians there. One house can be identified as that of a Frisian household engaged in trade. There were also Slavs in Kaupang, although it is not clear whether they were long-term residents. 1. Dagfinn Skre Introduction 13 2. Lars Pilø, Dagfinn Skre / Introduction to the Site 17 Part I. Jewellery and Ornamentation 27 3. Birgitta Hårdh / Scandinavian Metalwork 29 4. Egon Wamers / Continental and Insular Metalwork 65 5. James Graham-Campbell / Pins and Penannular Brooches 99 6. Heid Gjøstein Resi / Amber and Jet 107 7. Unn Plahter / Analyses of Jet-like Objects 129 8. Heid Gjøstein Resi / Gemstones: Cornelian, Rock Crystal, Amethyst, Fluorspar and Garnet 143 Part II. Tools and Utensils 167 9. Bjarne Gaut / Vessel Glass and Evidence of Glassworking 169 10. Lars Pilø / The Pottery 281 11. Alan Vince / Characterisation Studies of Pottery, Industrial Ceramics and Fired Clay 305 12. Irene Baug / Soapstone Finds 312 13. Ingvild Øye / Textile-production Equipment 339 14. Heid Gjøstein Resi / Whetstones, Grindstones, Touchstones and Smoothers 373 Part III. Town and Inhabitants 395 15. Dagfinn Skre / The Inhabitants: Activities 397 16. Dagfinn Skre / The Inhabitants: Origins and Trading Connexions 417 17. Dagfinn Skre / Kaupang: between East and West; between North and South 443 Abbreviations 451 References 453 List of Authors 483 In this third volume deriving from the excavations of the Viking town of Kaupang of 2000-2003, a range of artefacts is presented along with a discussion of the town's their origins, activities and trading connections. The main categories of artefact are metal jewellery and ornaments, gemstones, vessel glass, pottery, finds of soapstone, whetstones, and textile-production equipment. The artefacts are described and dated, and their areas of origin discussed. An exceptional wealth and diversity of artefacts distinguishes sites such as Kaupang from all other types of site in the Viking World. Above all, they reflect the fact that a large population of some 400-600 people lived closely together in the town, engaged in a comprehensive range of production and trade. Presents a range of artefacts of the excavations of the Viking town of Kaupang of 2000-2003, along with a discussion of the town's inhabitants: their origins, activities and trading connections. This title describes and dates the artefacts and discusses their areas of origin Edited By Dagfinn Skre. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 453-482)