Thermophilic Microbes in Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology : Biotechnology of Thermophiles

The Existence Of Life At High Temperatures Is Quiet Fascinating. At Elevated Temperatures, Only Microorganisms Are Capable Of Growth And Survival. Many Thermophilic Microbial Genera Have Been Isolated From Man-made (washing Machines, Factory Effluents, Waste Streams And Acid Mine Effluents) And Natural (volcanic Areas, Geothermal Areas, Terrestrial Hot Springs, Submarine Hydrothermal Vents, Geothermally Heated Oil Reserves And Oil Wells, Sun-heated Litter And Soils/sediments) Thermal Habitats Throughout The World. Both Culture-dependent And Culture-independent Approaches Have Been Employed For Understanding The Diversity Of Microbes In Hot Environments. Interest In Their Diversity, Ecology, And Physiology Has Increased Enormously During The Past Few Decades As Indicated By The Deliberations In International Conferences On Extremophiles And Thermophiles Held Every Alternate Year And Papers Published In Journals Such As Extremophiles. Thermophilic Moulds And Bacteria Have Been Extensively Studied In Plant Biomass Bioconversion Processes As Sources Of Industrial Enzymes And As Gene Donors. In The Development Of Third Generation Biofuels Such As Bioethanol, Thermophilic Fungal And Bacterial Enzymes Are Of Particular Interest. The Book Is Aimed At Bringing Together Scattered Up-to-date Information On Various Aspects Of Thermophiles Such As The Diversity Of Thermophiles And Viruses Of Thermophiles, Their Potential Roles In Pollution Control And Bioremediation, And Composting. Preface -- Part I Thermophiles In The Environment -- Diversity Of Hot Environments And Thermophilic Microbes -- Exploring The Ecology Of Thermophiles From Australia’s Great Artesian Basin During The Genomic Era -- Hot Environments From Antarctica -- Bacterial And Biochemical Properties Of Newly Invented Aerobic, High-temperature Compost -- Role Of Thermophilic Microflora In Composting -- Metal Remediation By Thermophilic Microorganisms -- Co-oxidizing Anaerobic Thermophilic Prokaryotes -- Biomineralization In Thermal Environments -- Phylogeny And Biological Features Of Thermophiles -- Biology, Biodiversity And Application Of Thermophilic Viruses -- Part Ii Genomics, Metagenomics And Biotechnology -- Genomics Of Thermophilic Bacteria And Archaea -- Comparative Genomics Of Thermophilic Bacteria And Archaea -- Host-vector System In Thermophiles -- Molecular Chaperones In Thermophilic Eubacteria And Archaea -- Heterologous Production Of Thermostable Proteins And Enzymes --^ Discovery Of Thermostable Enzymes From Hot Environmental Samples By Metagenomic Approaches -- Dna Polymerases And Dna Ligases -- Molecular Diversity Of Biotechnological Relevance Of Thermophilic Actinobacteria -- Mechanisms Of Thermostability Adopted By Thermophilic Proteins And Their Use In White Biotechnology -- Starch-hydrolyzing Enzymes From Thermophiles -- Thermostable Archaeal And Bacterial Pullulanases And Amylopullulanases -- Sugar Metabolic Enzymes -- Restriction Enzymes From Thermophiles -- Microbial Chitinases -- Phytases And Phosphatases Of Thermophiles: Production, Characteristics And Multifarious Applications -- Pectinases Of Thermophilic Microbes -- Developments In Thermostable Gellanlyase -- Lignocellulolytic System Of Thermophilic Fungi And Actinomycetes -- Cellulases Of Thermophilic Microbes -- 30 Xylanases From Thermophilic Fungi -- 31 Thermostable Bacterial Xylanases -- 32 Thermostable Proteases -- 33 Microbial Keratinases --^ 34. Biocatalysis Through Thermostable Lipases. Index. Edited By Tulasi Satyanarayana, Jennifer Littlechild, Yutaka Kawarabayasi. Front Matter....Pages i-xx Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Diversity of Hot Environments and Thermophilic Microbes....Pages 3-60 Exploring the Ecology of Thermophiles from Australia’s Great Artesian Basin During the Genomic Era....Pages 61-97 Hot Environments from Antarctica: Source of Thermophiles and Hyperthermophiles, with Potential Biotechnological Applications....Pages 99-118 Bacterial and Biochemical Properties of Newly Invented Aerobic, High-Temperature Compost....Pages 119-135 Role of Thermophilic Microflora in Composting....Pages 137-169 Metal Bioremediation by Thermophilic Microorganisms....Pages 171-201 CO-Oxidizing Anaerobic Thermophilic Prokaryotes....Pages 203-231 Biomineralization in Geothermal Environments....Pages 233-247 Phylogeny and Biological Features of Thermophiles....Pages 249-270 Biology, Biodiversity and Application of Thermophilic Viruses....Pages 271-304 Front Matter....Pages 305-305 Genomics of Thermophilic Bacteria and Archaea....Pages 307-330 Comparative Genomics of Thermophilic Bacteria and Archaea....Pages 331-349 Host-Vector Systems in Thermophiles....Pages 351-373 Molecular Chaperones in Thermophilic Eubacteria and Archaea....Pages 375-394 Heterologous Production of Thermostable Proteins and Enzymes....Pages 395-412 Discovery of Thermostable Enzymes from Hot Environmental Samples by Metagenomic Approaches....Pages 413-427 DNA Polymerases and DNA Ligases....Pages 429-457 Molecular Diversity and Biotechnological Relevance of Thermophilic Actinobacteria....Pages 459-479 Mechanisms of Thermal Stability Adopted by Thermophilic Proteins and Their Use in White Biotechnology....Pages 481-507 Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes from Thermophiles....Pages 509-533 Front Matter....Pages 305-305 Thermostable Archaeal and Bacterial Pullulanases and Amylopullulanases....Pages 535-587 Sugar Metabolic Enzymes....Pages 589-610 Restriction Enzymes from Thermophiles....Pages 611-647 Microbial Chitinases: Natural Sources, Mutagenesis, and Directed Evolution to Obtain Thermophilic Counterparts....Pages 649-669 Phytases and Phosphatases of Thermophilic Microbes: Production, Characteristics and Multifarious Biotechnological Applications....Pages 671-687 Pectinases of Thermophilic Microbes....Pages 689-710 Developments in Thermostable Gellan Lyase....Pages 711-730 The Lignocellulolytic System of Thermophilic Fungi and Actinomycetes: Structure, Regulation, and Biotechnological Applications....Pages 731-769 Cellulases of Thermophilic Microbes....Pages 771-793 Xylanases from Thermophilic Fungi: Classification, Structure, and Case Study of Melanocarpus albomyces ....Pages 795-811 Thermostable Bacterial Xylanases....Pages 813-857 Thermostable Proteases....Pages 859-880 Microbial Keratinases: Diversity and Applications....Pages 881-904 Biocatalysis Through Thermostable Lipases: Adding Flavor to Chemistry....Pages 905-927 Back Matter....Pages 929-954 "The existence of life at high temperatures is quite fascinating. At elevated temperatures, only microorganisms are capable of growth and survival. Many thermophilic microbial genera have been isolated from man-made (washing machines, factory effluents, waste streams and acid mine effluents) and natural (volcanic areas, geothermal areas, terrestrial hot springs, submarine hydrothermal vents, geothermally heated oil reserves and oil wells, sun-heated litter and soils/sediments) thermal habitats throughout the world. Both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches have been employed for understanding the diversity of microbes in hot environments. Interest in their diversity, ecology, and physiology has increased enormously during the past few decades as indicated by the deliberations in international conferences on extremophiles and thermophiles held every alternate year and papers published in journals such as Extremophiles. Thermophilic moulds and bacteria have been extensively studied in plant biomass bioconversion processes as sources of industrial enzymes and as gene donors. In the development of third generation biofuels such as bioethanol, thermophilic fungal and bacterial enzymes are of particular interest. The book is aimed at bringing together scattered up-to-date information on various aspects of thermophiles such as the diversity of thermophiles and viruses of thermophiles, their potential roles in pollution control and bioremediation, and composting."--Back cover