Thermodynamics and the Destruction of Natural Resources

This book is a unique, multidisciplinary, effort to apply rigorous thermodynamics fundamentals, a disciplined scholarly approach, to problems of sustainability, energy, and resource uses. Applying thermodynamic thinking to problems of sustainable behavior is a significant advantage in bringing order to ill defined questions with a great variety of proposed solutions, some of which are more destructive than the original problem. The articles are pitched at a level accessible to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in courses on sustainability, sustainable engineering, industrial ecology, sustainable manufacturing, and green engineering. The timeliness of the topic, and the urgent need for solutions make this book attractive to general readers and specialist researchers as well. Top international figures from many disciplines, including engineers, ecologists, economists, physicists, chemists, policy experts and industrial ecologists among others make up the impressive list of contributors. About the Authors Bhavik R. Bakshi holds a dual appointment as a Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at The Ohio State University, and Vice Chancellor and Professor of Energy and Environment at TERI University, New Delhi. He is also the Research Director of the Center for Resilience at Ohio State. From 2006 to 2010, he was a Visiting Professor at the Institute of Chemical Technology in Mumbai, India. He has written over 100 refereed publications in areas such as Process Systems Engineering and Sustainability Science and Engineering. Timothy G. Gutowski is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA. He was the Director of MIT's Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity (1994-2004), and the Associate Department Head for Mechanical Engineering (2001-2005). From 1999 to 2001 he was the chairman of the National Science Foundation - Department of Energy panel on Environmentally Benign Manufacturing. He has written over 150 technical publications, and seven patents and patent applications. He is the editor of Advanced Composites Manufacturing (1997). Dusan P. Sekulic is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Kentucky. He is a fellow of ASME. Dr. Sekulic is a consulting professor at the Harbin Institute of Technology, PR China. He is the author of over 150 refereed research publications, more than a dozen book chapters, and the author of the book Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design (jointly with R.K. Shah), published in English, and in Chinese. He is the editor of the books Advances in Brazing: Science, Technology and Applications and Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design (2003) co-edited with Ramesh K. Shah. Machine generated contents note: Introduction Bhavik R. Bakshi,Timothy Gutowski, Dusan Sekulic; Part I. Foundations: 1. Thermodynamics: generalized available energy and availability or exergy Elias Gyftopoulos; 2. Energy and exergy: does one need both concepts for a study of resources use Dusan Sekulic; 3. Accounting for resource use via thermodynamics Bhavik R. Bakshi, Anil Baral, Jorge L. Hau; Part II. Products & processes: 4. Material separation and recycling Timothy Gutowski; 5. Entropy based metric for transformational technologies development Dusan Sekulic; 6. Thermodynamic analysis of resources used in manufacturing processes Timothy Gutowski, Dusan Sekulic; 7. Case studies in energy use to realize ultra-high purities in semiconductor manufacturing Eric Williams, Nikhil Krishnan, Sarah Boyd; 8. Energy resources and use: the present (2008) situation, possible sustainable paths to the future and the thermodynamic perspective Noam Lior; Part III. Life cycle assessments & metrics: 9. Using thermodynamics and statistics to improve the quality of life cycle inventory data Bhavik R. Bakshi, Hangjoon Kim, Prem K. Goel; 10. Developing sustainable technology: metrics from thermodynamics Geert Van der Vorst, Jo Dewulf, Herman Van Langenhove; 11. Entropy production and resource consumption in life cycle assessments Stefan Gössling-Reisemann; 12. Exergy and material flow in industrial and ecological systems Nandan Ukidwe, Bhavik R. Bakshi; 13. Materials flow analysis and input-output analysis: a synthesis Shinichiro Nakamura; Part IV. Economic, Social Industrial, Eco Systems. 14. Early development of input-output analysis of energy and ecologic systems Bruce Hannon; 15. Exergoeconomics and exergoenvironmental analysis George Tsatsaronis; 16. Entopy, economics and policy Matthias Ruth; 17. Integration and segregation in a population a thermodynamicist's view Mueller Ingo; 18. Exergy use in ecosystems analysis: background and challenges Roberto Pastres, Brian D. Fath; 19. Thoughts on the application of thermodynamics to the development of sustainability science Timothy Gutowski, Dusan Sekulic, Bhavik R. Bakshi. CONTENTS......Page 9 Contributor List......Page 13 Foreword by Herman E. Daly......Page 17 Foreword by Jan Szargut......Page 19 Preface......Page 23 Introduction......Page 25 PART I: FOUNDATIONS......Page 37 1. Thermodynamics: Generalized Available Energy and Availability or Exergy......Page 39 2. Energy and Exergy: Does One Need Both Concepts for a Study of Resources Use?......Page 69 3. Accounting for Resource Use by Thermodynamics......Page 111 PART II: PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES......Page 135 4. Materials Separation and Recycling......Page 137 5. An Entropy-Based Metric for a Transformational Technology Development......Page 157 6. Thermodynamic Analysis of Resources Used in Manufacturing Processes......Page 187 7. Ultrapurity and Energy Use: Case Study of Semiconductor Manufacturing......Page 214 8. Energy Resources and Use: The Present Situation, Possible Sustainable Paths to the Future, and the Thermodynamic Perspective......Page 236 PART III: LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENTS AND METRICS......Page 257 9. Using Thermodynamics and Statistics to Improve the Quality of Life-Cycle Inventory Data......Page 259 10. Developing Sustainable Technology: Metrics From Thermodynamics......Page 273 11. Entropy Production and Resource Consumption in Life-Cycle Assessments......Page 289 12. Exergy and Material Flow in Industrial and Ecological Systems......Page 316 13. Synthesis of Material Flow Analysis and Input–Output Analysis......Page 358 PART IV: ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, SOCIAL SYSTEMS, INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS, AND ECOSYSTEMS......Page 387 14. Early Development of Input–Output Analysis of Energy and Ecologic Systems......Page 389 15. Exergoeconomics and Exergoenvironmental Analysis......Page 401 16. Entropy, Economics, and Policy......Page 426 17. Integration and Segregation in a Population – a Thermodynamicist’s View......Page 453 18. Exergy Use in Ecosystem Analysis: Background and Challenges......Page 477 19. Thoughts on the Application of Thermodynamics to the Development of Sustainability Science......Page 501 Appendix: Standard Chemical Exergy......Page 513 Index......Page 519 This Book Is A Unique, Multidisciplinary, Effort To Apply Rigorous Thermodynamics Fundamentals, A Disciplined Scholarly Approach, To Problems Of Sustainability, Energy, And Resource Uses. Applying Thermodynamic Thinking To Problems Of Sustainable Behavior Is A Significant Advantage In Bringing Order To Ill Defined Questions With A Great Variety Of Proposed Solutions, Some Of Which Are More Destructive Than The Original Problem. The Articles Are Pitched At A Level Accessible To Advanced Undergraduates And Graduate Students In Courses On Sustainability, Sustainable Engineering, Industrial Ecology, Sustainable Manufacturing, And Green Engineering. The Timeliness Of The Topic, And The Urgent Need For Solutions Make This Book Attractive To General Readers And Specialist Researchers As Well. Top International Figures From Many Disciplines, Including Engineers, Ecologists, Economists, Physicists, Chemists, Policy Experts And Industrial Ecologists Among Others Make Up The Impressive List Of Contributors-- Edited By Bhavik R. Bakshi, Timothy G. Gutowski, Dušan P. Sekulić. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.