Thermodynamic Equilibria And Extrema: Analysis Of Attainability Regions And Partial Equilibria Termodinamicheskie Ravnovesii︠a︡ I ẻkstremumy : Analiz Oblasteĭ Dostizhimosti I Chastichnykh Ravnovesiĭ V Fiziko-khimicheskikh I Tekhnicheskikh Sistemakh

This Book Discusses Mathematical Models That Are Based On The Concepts Of Classical Equilibrium Thermodynamics. They Are Intended For The Analysis Of Possible Results Of Diverse Natural And Production Processes. Unlike The Traditional Models, These Allow One To View The Achievable Set Of Partial Equilibria With Regards To Constraints On Kinetics, Energy And Mass Exchange And To Determine States Of The Studied Systems Of Interest For The Researcher. Application Of The Suggested Models In Chemical Technology, Energy And Ecology Is Illustrated In The Examples.--publisher's Website. 1. Principles Of Equilibrium And Extremality In Mechanics And Thermodynamics -- 2. Extreme Thermodynamic Models In Terms Of Mathematical Programming -- 3. Thermodynamic Modeling On Graphs -- 4. Methods And Algorithms Of Searching For Thermodynamic Equilibria -- 5. Application Of Extreme Models. Alexander N. Gorban ... [et Al.] English Translation By Marina V. Ozerova, Valentina P. Yermakova, And Alexandre V. Keiko. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 266-274) And Indexes. Since the creation of classical equilibrium thermodynamics in the second part of the nineteenth century by Clausius, Helmholtz, Maxwell, Gibbs, and Bolzmann, its potential has increased immeasurably due to the rapid development of numerical mathematics and computers. Now models based on Gibbs's fundamental equations allow one not only to find the point of final equilibrium in a given system, but also to examine the entire area thermodynamically attainable from a given initial point. Moreover, they are capable of finding in this area the equilibrium states (partial equilibria) of interest to a researcher for their extreme values of a considered parameter such as the concentration of useful or harmful products of a chemical process. In doing so, it appears possible to take into consideration in a strict thermodynamic form (with no use of the time variable) the limitations posed by chemical reaction rates and irreversible processes of mass, energy, and impulse transfer.New models of classical thermodynamics are applicable for solving applied problems of huge dimensionality in the energy industry, metallurgy, chemical technology, geology, environmental protection, and other areas of science and technology.