Thermal And Moisture Transport In Fibrous Materials (woodhead Publishing Series In Textiles)

The transfer of heat and moisture through textiles is vital to the manufacture and design of clothing, technical and protective textiles. Continued advances in textile processing technology, the growth of manufactured nonwovens and the application of nanotechnology have resulted in a wealth of research in order to characterise the behaviour of these materials. Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials provides a comprehensive guide of the technological developments and scientific understanding in this area. The first section summarises the structure, geometry and stereology of fibrous materials. The fundamentals of wetting and its dynamics are also discussed. Part 2 analyses thermal and liquid interactions in textiles and offers insights into the thermodynamic behaviour of moisture as well as heat and moisture coupling. The book concludes with chapters on the human thermoregulatory system, interfacing between fibrous materials and the human body and innovative computer modelling simulations. Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials is an essential reference for all those involved in the textile industry, especially those concerned with the design and manufacture of technical textiles and protective clothing. 1845690575......Page 1 Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials......Page 4 Contents......Page 6 Contributor contact details......Page 12 Introduction......Page 15 Part I Textile structure and moisture transport......Page 18 1.1 Geometrical characterization of single fibers......Page 20 1.2 Basic parameters for porous media......Page 21 1.3 Characterization of fibrous materials......Page 23 1.4 Mathematical descriptions of the anisotropy of a fibrous material......Page 28 1.5 Pore distribution in a fibrous material......Page 31 1.6 Tortuosity distributions in a fibrous material......Page 34 1.7 Structural analysis of fibrous materials with special fiber orientations......Page 36 1.8 Determination of the fiber orientation......Page 50 1.9 The packing problem......Page 54 1.10 References......Page 55 2.1 Introduction......Page 59 2.2 Basic stereological principles......Page 71 2.3 Stereology of a two-dimensional fibrous mass......Page 81 2.4 Stereology of a three-dimensional fibrous mass......Page 99 2.6 References......Page 115 3.1 Introduction......Page 119 3.2 Essentials of psychrometry (Skaar, 1988; Siau, 1995; Morton and Hearle, 1997)......Page 120 3.3 Moisture in a medium and the moisture sorption isotherm......Page 123 3.4 Wettability of different material types......Page 132 3.5 Mathematical description of moisture sorption isotherms......Page 136 3.6 References......Page 149 4.2 Wetting and wicking......Page 153 4.3 Adhesive forces and interactions across interfaces......Page 155 4.4 Surface tension, curvature, roughness and their effects on wetting phenomena......Page 160 4.5 Summary......Page 169 4.6 References......Page 170 5.2 Surface tension......Page 173 5.3 Curvature effect of surfaces......Page 175 5.4 Capillarity......Page 177 5.5 Surface roughness of solids......Page 184 5.6 Hysteresis effects......Page 193 5.7 Meniscus......Page 195 5.8 Instability of liquid flow......Page 197 5.9 Morphological transitions of liquid bodies in parallel fiber bundles......Page 200 5.11 References......Page 201 6.2 Fundamentals......Page 205 6.3 Complete wetting of curved surfaces......Page 210 6.4 Liquid spreading dynamics on a solid surface......Page 212 6.5 Rayleigh instability......Page 216 6.6 Lucas–Washburn theory and wetting of fibrous media......Page 220 6.7 Understanding wetting and liquid spreading......Page 231 6.8 References......Page 236 Part II Heat–moisture interactions in textile materials......Page 240 7.1 Introduction......Page 242 7.2 Thermal conduction analysis......Page 243 7.3 Effective thermal conductivity for fibrous materials......Page 250 7.4 Prediction of ETC by thermal resistance networks......Page 254 7.5 Structure of plain weave woven fabric composites and the corresponding unit cell......Page 258 7.6 Prediction of ETC by the volume averaging method......Page 266 7.7 The homogenization method......Page 276 7.8 Moisture diffusion......Page 279 7.9 Sensory contact thermal conduction of porous materials......Page 282 7.11 References......Page 283 8.1 Introduction......Page 288 8.2 Estimation of ventilation rates......Page 292 8.3 Heat and moisture transport modeling in clothing by ventilation......Page 300 8.4 Heat and moisture transport results of the periodic ventilation model......Page 315 8.5 Extension of model to real limb motion......Page 318 8.6 Nomenclature......Page 319 8.7 References......Page 322 9.2 Mass and energy transport equations......Page 325 9.3 Total thermal energy equation......Page 345 9.4 Thermodynamic relations......Page 353 9.5 Mass transport in the gas phase......Page 355 9.6 Gas phase convective transport......Page 357 9.7 Liquid phase convective transport......Page 358 9.8 Summary of modified transport equations......Page 361 9.9 Comparison with previously derived equations......Page 364 9.10 Conclusions......Page 368 9.11 Nomenclature......Page 369 9.12 References......Page 372 10.1 Introduction......Page 374 10.2 Discrete molecular dynamics......Page 381 10.3 Typical lattice gas automata......Page 395 10.4 Computer simulation of fluid flows through porous materials......Page 398 10.5 Sources of further information and advice......Page 412 10.6 References......Page 416 11.1 Introduction......Page 419 11.2 Modeling condensation/evaporation in thin clothing layers......Page 424 11.3 Modeling condensation/evaporation in a fibrous medium......Page 428 11.4 Effect of fabric physical properties on the condensation/evaporation process......Page 433 11.5 Modeling heating and moisture transfer in PCM fabrics......Page 435 11.6 Conclusions......Page 437 11.7 Nomenclature......Page 438 11.8 References......Page 439 12.1 Introduction......Page 441 12.2 Moisture regain and equilibrium relationships......Page 443 12.3 Sorption and condensation......Page 444 12.4 Mass and heat transport processes......Page 445 12.5 Modeling of coupled heat and moisture transport......Page 448 12.6 Consequences of interactions between heat and moisture......Page 451 12.7 References......Page 453 Part III Textile–body interactions and modelling issues......Page 454 13.2 Experimental investigations......Page 456 13.3 Theoretical models......Page 465 13.4 Numerical simulation......Page 473 13.5 Conclusions......Page 480 13.6 Nomenclature......Page 482 13.7 References......Page 483 14 Computer simulation of moisture transport in fibrous materials......Page 486 14.1 Introduction......Page 487 14.2 Auto-models......Page 495 14.3 Computer simulation......Page 526 14.4 Sources of further information and advice......Page 553 14.5 References......Page 555 15.1 Introduction......Page 559 15.2 Material modeling......Page 560 15.3 Material modeling example......Page 562 15.4 Modeling of fabric-covered cylinders......Page 563 15.5 Full-body modeling......Page 571 15.7 References......Page 575 16.1 Introduction......Page 577 16.2 Body–environment exchange......Page 578 16.3 Skin......Page 581 16.4 Heat exchange at the skin surface......Page 595 16.5 Moisture exchange at the skin surface......Page 601 16.6 Typical skin temperatures......Page 602 16.7 Sensation and comfort......Page 606 16.8 Modeling human thermal regulation and comfort......Page 613 16.9 References......Page 614 Index......Page 620 The transfer of heat and moisture through textiles is vital to the manufacture and design of clothing, technical and protective textiles. Continued advances in textile processing technology, the growth of manufactured nonwovens and the application of nanotechnology have resulted in a wealth of research in order to characterise the behaviour of these materials. Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials provides a comprehensive guide of the technological developments and scientific understanding in this area.

The first section summarises the structure, geometry and stereology of fibrous materials. The fundamentals of wetting and its dynamics are also discussed. Part two analyses thermal and liquid interactions in textiles and offers insights into the thermodynamic behaviour of moisture as well as heat and moisture coupling. The book concludes with chapters on the human thermoregulatory system, interfacing between fibrous materials and the human body and innovative computer modelling simulations.

Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials is an essential reference for all those involved in the textile industry, especially those concerned with the design and manufacture of technical textiles and protective clothing.

• Summarises the structure, geometry and stereology of fibrous materials
• Discusses the fundamentals of wetting and its dynamics
• Analyses thermal and liquid interactions in textiles

The transfer of heat and moisture through textiles is vital to the manufacture and design of clothing, technical and protective textiles. Continued advances in textile processing technology, the growth of manufactured nonwovens and the application of nanotechnology have resulted in a wealth of research in order to characterise the behaviour of these materials. Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials provides a comprehensive guide of the technological developments and scientific understanding in this area. The first section summarises the structure, geometry and stereology of fibrous materials. The fundamentals of wetting and its dynamics are also discussed. Part two analyses thermal and liquid interactions in textiles and offers insights into the thermodynamic behaviour of moisture as well as heat and moisture coupling. The book concludes with chapters on the human thermoregulatory system, interfacing between fibrous materials and the human body and innovative computer modelling simulations. Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials is an essential reference for all those involved in the textile industry, especially those concerned with the design and manufacture of technical textiles and protective clothing. Summarises the structure, geometry and stereology of fibrous materials Discusses the fundamentals of wetting and its dynamics Analyses thermal and liquid interactions in textiles Part 1 Textile structure and moisture transport: Characterising the structure and geometry of fibrous materials-- Understanding the three-dimensional structure of fibrous materials using stereology-- Essentials of psychrometry and capillary hydrostatics-- Surface tension, wetting and wicking in textiles-- Wetting phenomena in textile fibres-- Interactions between liquid and fibrous materials. Part 2 Heat-moisture interactions in textile materials: Thermal conduction and moisture diffusion in fibrous materials-- Convection and ventilation in fabric layers-- Multiphase flow through porous media-- The cellular automata lattice gas approach for fluid flows in porous media-- Phase change in fabrics-- Heat-moisture interactions and phase change in fibrous materials. Part 3 Textile-body interactions and modelling issues: Heat and moisture transfer in textiles for insulation-- Computer simulation of moisture transport in fibrous materials-- Computational modeling of clothing performance-- The skin's role in human thermoregulation and comfort Continued advances in textile processing technology, the growth of manufactured nonwovens and the application of nanotechnology have resulted in a wealth of research in order to characterise the behaviour of these materials. This book provides a comprehensive guide of the technological developments and scientific understanding in this area, The transfer of heat and moisture through textiles is vital to the manufacture and design of clothing, technical and protective textiles. The first part of this important book summarises the structure, geometry and stereology of fibrous materials. The fundamentals of wetting and its dynamics are also discussed. The second part analyses thermal and liquid interactions in textiles and offers insights into the thermodynamic behaviour of moisture as well as heat and moisture coupling. The book concludes with chapters on the human thermoregulatory system, interfacing between fibrous materials and the human body and modelling techniques A comprehensive guide to technological developments and scientific understanding, Thermal and Moisture Transport in Fibrous Materials begins with a summary of the structure, geometry, and stereology of fibrous materials. The fundamentals of wetting and its dynamics are also discussed. The book provides an analysis of thermal and liquid interactions in textiles and offers insights into the thermodynamic behavior of moisture as well as heat and moisture coupling. The book concludes with chapters on the human thermoregulatory system, interfacing between fibrous materials and the human body and innovative computer modeling simulations