نظریه جوهای سیاره‌ای: مقدمه‌ای بر فیزیک و شیمی آن‌ها

For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography. * Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates and beginning graduate students * Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations and laboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web * Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informative laboratory experiments * Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn the material. Theory of Planetary Atmospheres: An Introduction to Their Physics and Chemistry 4 Copyright Page 5 Contents 8 Preface 12 Acknowledgments 14 Chapter 1. Vertical Structure of anAtmosphere 16 1.1 Hydrostatic Equilibrium 17 1.2 Radiative Equilibrium 19 1.3 Convection in the Troposphere 27 1.4 Latitudinal Variations of the Tropopause and Departures from Grayness 29 1.5 The Stratosphere:Absorption of Direct Solar Radiation 31 1.6 The Mesopause: Vibrational Relaxation of CO2 39 1.7 Ionization, Dissociation, and Heat Transfer in the Thermosphere 43 1.8 Atmospheric Structure of Venus, Mars, and Jupiter 50 Bibliographical Notes 55 Problems 59 Chapter 2. Hydrodynamics of Atmospheres 61 2.1 Basic Equations 61 2.2 Horizontal Circulation of the Troposphere 65 2.3 Vertical Transport 78 2.4 Circulation of the Venus Atmosphere 79 2.5 Diurnal Winds on Mars 83 2.6 Convection in the Jovian Atmosphere 85 Bibliographical Notes 89 Problems 92 Chapter 3. Chemistry and Dynamics of Earth's Stratosphere 94 3.1 Principles of Photochemistry 94 3.2 Catalytic Destruction of Ozone 98 3.3 Stratospheric Motions 116 Bibliographical Notes 129 Problems 133 Chapter 4. Planetary Astronomy 135 4.1 Radiative Transfer in an Optically Thick Atmosphere 135 4.2 Spectroscopy 145 4.3 Photometry and Polarimetry 163 Bibliographical Notes 171 Problems 175 Chapter 5. Ionospheres 178 5.1 Formation of Ionospheric Regions 178 5.2 Radio Waves in an Ionized Atmosphere 194 5.3 Ionospheres of Venus, Mars. and Jupiter 210 Bibliographical Notes 218 Problems 223 Chapter 6. Airglows and Aeronomy 226 6.1 Airglow Photometry 227 6.2 Resonant and Fluorescent Scattering of Sunlight 234 6.3 Day Airglows of the Planets 242 6.4 Aeronomy of the Planets 249 Bibliographical Notes 252 Problems 257 Chapter 7. Stability of Planetary Atmospheres 259 7.1 Quasi-Collisionless Exospheres 260 7.2 Collisions in Exospheres 279 7.3 Atmospheric Escape 289 7.4 Atmospheric Evolution and Climate 296 Bibliographical Notes 304 Problems 311 Appendix I. A Table of Physical Constants 313 Appendix II. Planetary Characteristics 315 Appendix III. A Model of Earth's Atmosphere 316 Appendix IV. Planetary Spacecraft Missions 321 Appendix V. Supplementary Reading 324 Author Index 326 Subject Index 332 For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography.

* Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates and
beginning graduate students
* Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations and
laboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web
* Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informative
laboratory experiments
* Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn the
material. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, this textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction emphasises on global scales. It gives students a grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way.