Theories of Psychotherapy & Counseling: Concepts and Cases, 5th Edition

Comprehensive in scope yet succinct in its descriptions and explanations, THEORIES OF PSYCHOTHERAPY & COUNSELING: CONCEPTS AND CASES, 5e equips readers with a solid understanding of the systematic theories of psychotherapy and counseling. The text delivers a thorough explanation of concepts as well as insightful case summaries and therapist-client dialogue that illustrate techniques and treatment in practice. It demonstrates how theories can be applied to individual therapy or counseling for common psychological disorders--such as depression and generalized anxiety disorders--as well as how to apply them to group therapy. Cover Page ......Page 1 Half-Title Page ......Page 3 Title Page ......Page 5 Copyright Page ......Page 4 Dedication Page ......Page 6 Brief Contents......Page 7 Contents......Page 8 A Flexible Approach to Accommodate Different Teaching Preferences......Page 22 Content of the Chapters......Page 23 Changes Affecting Many Chapters......Page 24 Changes to Individual Chapters......Page 25 Acknowledgments......Page 26 CHAPTER 1: Introduction ......Page 29 Precision and Clarity ......Page 30 Usefulness......Page 31 Psychotherapy and Counseling......Page 32 Theories of Psychotherapy and Counseling......Page 33 Jungian Analysis and Therapy......Page 34 Behavior Therapy......Page 35 Constructivist Therapy......Page 36 Integrative Therapy......Page 37 History or Background......Page 38 Theories of Psychotherapy......Page 39 Psychological Disorders......Page 40 Brief Psychotherapy......Page 44 Current Trends......Page 45 Research......Page 48 Multicultural Issues......Page 50 Ethics......Page 51 Your Theory of Psychotherapy and Counseling......Page 52 References......Page 53 CHAPTER 2: Psychoanalysis ......Page 56 History of Psychoanalysis......Page 57 Levels of Consciousness......Page 61 Structure of Personality......Page 62 Defense Mechanisms......Page 63 Psychosexual Stages of Development......Page 65 Anna Freud......Page 67 Erik Erikson......Page 68 Object Relations Psychology......Page 69 Donald Winnicott......Page 70 Kohut’s Self Psychology......Page 71 Relational Psychoanalysis......Page 73 Therapeutic Goals......Page 75 Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy, and Psychoanalytic Counseling......Page 76 Neutrality and Empathy......Page 77 Resistance......Page 78 Interpretation of Dreams......Page 79 Interpretation and Analysis of Transference......Page 80 Countertransference......Page 81 Psychological Disorders......Page 82 Treatment of Hysteria: Katharina......Page 83 Childhood Anxiety: Mary......Page 84 Borderline Disorders: Mr. R.......Page 86 Narcissistic Disorders: Mr. J.......Page 87 Depression: Sam......Page 89 Brief Psychoanalytic Therapy......Page 90 Current Trends......Page 93 Using Psychoanalysis with Other Theories......Page 94 Research......Page 95 Gender Issues......Page 98 Multicultural Issues......Page 100 Group Therapy......Page 101 Summary......Page 102 Suggested Readings......Page 103 References......Page 104 CHAPTER 3: Jungian Analysis and Therapy......Page 110 History of Jungian Analysis and Therapy......Page 111 Theory of Personality......Page 114 Levels of Consciousness......Page 115 Archetypes......Page 117 Personality Attitudes and Functions......Page 119 Personality Development......Page 122 Analysis, Therapy, and Counseling......Page 124 Assessment......Page 125 Stages of Therapy......Page 127 Dreams and Analysis......Page 128 Other Techniques......Page 132 Transference and Countertransference......Page 133 Psychological Disorders......Page 134 Depression: Young Woman......Page 135 Anxiety Neurosis: Girl......Page 136 Psychotic Disorders: Patient......Page 137 Current Trends......Page 138 Using Jungian Concepts with Other Theories......Page 139 Research......Page 140 Gender Issues......Page 141 Multicultural Issues......Page 143 Group Therapy......Page 144 Summary......Page 145 References......Page 146 CHAPTER 4: Adlerian Therapy ......Page 151 History of Adlerian Theory......Page 152 Influences on Adlerian Psychology and Therapy......Page 153 Adler’s Theory of Personality......Page 154 Style of Life......Page 155 Social Interest......Page 156 Inferiority and Superiority......Page 157 Adlerian Theory of Therapy and Counseling......Page 158 The Therapeutic Relationship......Page 159 Assessment and Analysis......Page 160 Insight and Interpretation......Page 165 Reorientation......Page 166 Psychological Disorders......Page 170 Depression: Sheri......Page 171 Eating Disorders: Judy......Page 174 Borderline Disorders: Jane......Page 175 Brief Therapy......Page 176 Current Trends......Page 177 Using Adlerian Therapy with Other Theories......Page 178 Research......Page 179 Gender Issues......Page 180 Multicultural Issues......Page 181 Group Counseling and Therapy......Page 182 Suggested Readings......Page 183 References......Page 184 CHAPTER 5: Existential Therapy ......Page 188 Existential Philosophers......Page 189 Originators of Existential Psychotherapy......Page 192 Recent Contributors to Existential Psychotherapy......Page 193 Being-in-the-World......Page 194 Four Ways of Being......Page 195 Time and Being......Page 196 Anxiety......Page 197 Living and Dying......Page 198 Freedom, Responsibility, and Choice......Page 199 Isolation and Loving......Page 200 Self-Transcendence......Page 201 Striving for Authenticity......Page 202 Existential Psychotherapy......Page 203 Existential Psychotherapy and Counseling......Page 204 Assessment......Page 205 The Therapeutic Relationship......Page 206 Living and Dying......Page 208 Freedom, Responsibility, and Choice......Page 210 Isolation and Loving......Page 212 Meaning and Meaninglessness......Page 213 Anxiety: Nathalie and Her Son......Page 214 Borderline Disorder: Anna......Page 217 Alcoholism: Harry......Page 218 Brief Therapy......Page 219 Current Trends......Page 221 Research......Page 222 Multicultural Issues......Page 224 Freedom, Responsibility, and Choice......Page 226 Meaning and Meaninglessness......Page 227 Suggested Readings......Page 228 References......Page 229 CHAPTER 6: Person-Centered Therapy ......Page 234 History of Person-Centered Therapy......Page 235 Psychological Development......Page 239 Self-Regard and Relationships......Page 240 Goals......Page 241 The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Client Change......Page 242 The Client’s Experience in Therapy......Page 246 The Process of Person-Centered Psychotherapy......Page 248 Psychological Disorders......Page 249 Depression: Graduate Student......Page 250 Grief and Loss: Justin......Page 251 Borderline Disorder: Woman......Page 253 Societal Implications......Page 254 Training Trends......Page 255 Using Person-Centered Therapy with Other Theories......Page 256 Research on the Core Conditions......Page 257 The Effectiveness of Person-Centered Therapy......Page 258 Multicultural Issues......Page 260 Group Counseling......Page 261 Summary......Page 262 Suggested Readings......Page 263 References......Page 264 CHAPTER 7: Gestalt Therapy: An Experiential Therapy ......Page 268 History of Gestalt Therapy......Page 269 Influences on the Development of Gestalt Therapy......Page 271 Gestalt Psychology and Gestalt Therapy......Page 273 Contact......Page 275 Contact Boundary Disturbances......Page 276 Awareness......Page 278 Theory of Gestalt Psychotherapy......Page 279 Goals of Therapy......Page 280 Assessment in Gestalt Psychotherapy......Page 281 Therapeutic Change......Page 282 Enhancing Awareness......Page 283 Integration and Creativity......Page 291 Depression: Woman......Page 292 Anxiety: Man......Page 293 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Holocaust Survivor......Page 294 Substance Abuse: Mike......Page 295 Current Trends......Page 296 Research......Page 297 Gender Issues......Page 299 Multicultural Issue......Page 300 Group Therapy......Page 301 Suggested Readings......Page 303 References......Page 304 CHAPTER 8: Behavior Therapy ......Page 308 Classical Conditioning......Page 309 Operant Conditioning......Page 310 Social Cognitive Theory......Page 311 Current Status of Behavior Therapy......Page 312 Positive Reinforcement......Page 313 Generalization......Page 314 Observational Learning......Page 315 Goals of Behavior Therapy......Page 317 Behavioral Assessment......Page 318 General Treatment Approach......Page 319 Systematic Desensitization......Page 320 Imaginal Flooding Therapies......Page 322 In Vivo Therapies......Page 323 Virtual Reality Therapy......Page 324 Modeling Techniques......Page 325 Stress Inoculation: A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach......Page 327 Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Claire......Page 329 Depression: Jane......Page 333 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: June......Page 334 Phobic Disorder: Six-Year-Old Girl......Page 336 Current Trends......Page 337 Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing......Page 338 Acceptance and Commitment Therapy......Page 339 Dialectical Behavior Therapy......Page 340 Using Behavior Therapy with Other Theories......Page 344 Review of the Evidence......Page 345 Generalized Anxiety Disorder......Page 346 Phobias......Page 347 Gender Issues......Page 348 Multicultural Issues......Page 349 Social-Skills Training......Page 350 Summary......Page 351 Suggested Readings......Page 352 References......Page 353 CHAPTER 9: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy ......Page 359 History of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy......Page 360 Philosophical Viewpoints......Page 362 Factors Basic to the Rational Emotive Behavior Theory of Personality......Page 363 The Rational Emotive Behavior A-B-C Theory of Personality......Page 365 Goals of Therapy......Page 367 The Therapeutic Relationship......Page 368 The A-B-C-D-E Therapeutic Approach......Page 371 Other Cognitive Approaches......Page 374 Emotive Techniques......Page 375 Insight......Page 377 Anxiety Disorder: Ted......Page 378 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Woman......Page 381 Alcohol and Substance Abuse......Page 382 Current Trends......Page 383 Using Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy with Other Theories......Page 384 Research......Page 385 Gender Issues......Page 387 Group Therapy......Page 389 Summary......Page 390 Suggested Readings......Page 391 References......Page 392 CHAPTER 10: Cognitive Therapy ......Page 397 History of Cognitive Therapy......Page 398 Theoretical Influences......Page 399 Causation and Psychological Disorders......Page 401 The Cognitive Model of the Development of Schemas......Page 402 Cognitive Schemas in Therapy......Page 403 Cognitive Distortions......Page 405 Goals of Therapy......Page 407 Assessment in Cognitive Therapy......Page 408 The Therapeutic Relationship......Page 412 The Therapeutic Process......Page 413 Therapeutic Techniques......Page 415 Depression: Paul......Page 417 General Anxiety Disorder: Amy......Page 420 Obsessive Disorder: Electrician......Page 421 Substance Abuse: Bill......Page 424 Brief Cognitive Therapy......Page 426 Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy......Page 427 Schema-Focused Cognitive Therapy......Page 428 Using Cognitive Therapy with Other Theories......Page 429 Research......Page 430 Research on Depression......Page 431 Research on Generalized Anxiety......Page 432 Research on Obsessional Disorders......Page 433 Gender Issues......Page 434 Multicultural Issues......Page 435 Group Therapy......Page 436 Summary......Page 437 References......Page 438 CHAPTER 11: Reality Therapy ......Page 444 History of Reality Therapy......Page 445 Pictures of Reality......Page 447 Choice......Page 448 Behavior......Page 449 Goals of Reality Therapy......Page 450 Assessment......Page 451 The Process of Reality Therapy......Page 452 Therapist Attitudes......Page 457 Reality Therapy Strategies......Page 458 Eating Disorders: Choosing to Starve and Purge: Gloria......Page 462 The Choice to Abuse Drugs: Janet......Page 466 The Choice to Depress: Teresa......Page 468 The Choice to Anxietize: Randy......Page 469 Current Trends......Page 470 Research......Page 471 Multicultural Issues......Page 473 Group Counseling......Page 474 Summary......Page 475 References......Page 476 CHAPTER 12: Constructivist Approaches ......Page 480 Early Influences......Page 481 Milton Erickson......Page 482 Early Family Therapy Approaches......Page 483 Recent Constructivist Approaches......Page 484 Views About Therapeutic Change......Page 485 Techniques......Page 486 Case Example: Rosie......Page 491 Personal Construct Therapy......Page 494 Case Example: Barry......Page 495 Assessment......Page 496 Goals......Page 497 Techniques of Narrative Therapy......Page 498 Case Example: Terry......Page 500 Current Trends......Page 501 Using Constructivist Theories with Other Theories......Page 502 Research......Page 503 Gender Issues......Page 504 Multicultural Issues......Page 505 Summary......Page 506 References......Page 508 CHAPTER 13: Feminist Therapy: A Multicultural Approach ......Page 512 Gender as a Multicultural Issue......Page 513 History of Feminist Therapy......Page 514 Gender Differences and Similarities Across the Lifespan......Page 517 Schema Theory and Multiple Identities......Page 520 Gilligan’s Ethic of Care......Page 522 The Relational Cultural Model......Page 523 Goals of Feminist Therapy......Page 525 The Therapeutic Relationship......Page 527 Techniques of Feminist Therapy......Page 528 Feminist Psychoanalytic Theory......Page 535 Feminist Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy......Page 536 Feminist Narrative Therapy......Page 537 Brief Therapy......Page 538 Borderline Disorder: Barbara......Page 539 Depression: Ms. B......Page 541 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Andrea......Page 542 Eating Disorders: Margaret......Page 544 Current Trends and Issues......Page 545 Research......Page 547 Feminist Therapy with Men......Page 548 Feminist Therapy with Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, or Transgendered Clients (GLBT)......Page 550 Multicultural Issues......Page 551 Group Counseling......Page 553 Summary......Page 554 References......Page 555 CHAPTER 14: Family Therapy ......Page 561 Historical Background......Page 562 Psychoanalytic and Related Influences on Family Therapy......Page 563 The Study of Communication Patterns in Families with Members Having Symptoms of Schizophrenia ......Page 564 General Systems Theory......Page 565 Theory of Family Systems......Page 567 Techniques of Bowen’s Family Therapy......Page 570 An Example of Intergenerational Family Systems Therapy: Ann’s family......Page 572 Structural Family Therapy......Page 573 Concepts of Structural Family Therapy......Page 574 Goals of Structural Family Therapy......Page 575 Techniques of Structural Family Therapy......Page 576 Example of Structural Family Therapy: Quest Family......Page 578 Concepts of Strategic Therapy......Page 581 Techniques of Strategic Family Therapy......Page 582 An Example of Strategic Therapy: Boy Who Set Fires......Page 585 The Experiential Therapy of Carl Whitaker......Page 586 The Humanistic Approach of Virginia Satir......Page 587 Integrative Approaches to Family Systems Therapy......Page 588 Psychoanalysis......Page 589 Gestalt Therapy......Page 590 Reality Therapy......Page 591 Feminist Therapy......Page 592 The Mental Research Institute Brief Family Therapy Model......Page 593 Long Brief Therapy of the Milan Associates......Page 594 Psychoeducational Approaches......Page 595 Family Law......Page 596 Research......Page 597 Gender Issues......Page 600 Multicultural Issues......Page 601 Couples Counseling......Page 603 Suggested Readings......Page 604 References......Page 605 CHAPTER 15: Other Psychotherapies ......Page 610 Background......Page 611 Asian Theories of Personality......Page 612 Asian Theories of Psychotherapy......Page 614 References......Page 619 Background......Page 621 Personality Theory and the Body......Page 623 Psychotherapeutic Approaches......Page 625 Summary......Page 628 References......Page 629 Background......Page 630 Personality Theory......Page 632 Techniques of Interpersonal Therapy......Page 633 An Example of Interpersonal Therapy......Page 638 Summary......Page 640 References......Page 641 Theory of Personality......Page 643 Theory of Psychotherapy......Page 645 References......Page 649 Creative Arts Therapies......Page 650 Art Therapy......Page 651 Dance Movement Therapy......Page 652 Drama Therapy......Page 654 Music Therapy......Page 656 References......Page 657 Summary......Page 658 CHAPTER 16: Comparison and Critique......Page 659 Basic Concepts of Personality......Page 660 Assessment in Therapy......Page 663 Therapeutic Techniques......Page 664 Differential Treatment......Page 668 Brief Psychotherapy......Page 669 Common Factors Approach......Page 670 Postmodernism and Constructivism......Page 671 Research......Page 673 Gender Issues......Page 674 Multicultural Issues......Page 677 Group Therapy......Page 678 Psychoanalysis......Page 681 Adlerian Therapy......Page 682 Person-Centered Therapy......Page 683 Behavior Therapy......Page 684 Reality Therapy......Page 685 Feminist Therapy......Page 686 Family Systems Therapy......Page 687 Summary......Page 688 References......Page 689 CHAPTER 17: Integrative Therapies ......Page 690 Wachtel’s Cyclical Psychodynamics Theory......Page 691 An Example of Wachtel’s Cyclical Psychodynamic Theory: Judy......Page 693 An Example of Wachtel’s Cyclical Psychodynamic Theory: John N.......Page 694 Using Wachtel’s Cyclical Psychodynamics Theoryas a Model for Your Integrative Theory......Page 695 Prochaska and Colleagues’ Transtheoretical Approach......Page 697 Processes of Change......Page 698 Combining Stages of Change, Levels of Psychological Problems, and Processes of Change......Page 700 An Example of Prochaska and Colleagues’ Transtheoretical Approach: Mrs. C......Page 701 Using Prochaska and Colleagues’ Transtheoretical Approach as a Model for Your Integrative Theory......Page 702 Multimodal Theory of Personality......Page 703 Assessment......Page 705 Treatment Approach......Page 707 An Example of Lazarus’s Multimodal Therapy: Mrs. W......Page 709 Using Lazarus’s Multimodal Theory as a Model for Your Integrative Theory......Page 710 Current Trends......Page 711 Research......Page 712 Multicultural Issues......Page 713 Summary......Page 714 Suggested Readings......Page 715 References......Page 716 Glossary......Page 719 B......Page 740 C......Page 741 F......Page 742 H......Page 743 K......Page 744 M......Page 745 P......Page 746 S......Page 747 T......Page 748 Y......Page 749 Z......Page 750 A......Page 751 C......Page 752 E......Page 754 F......Page 755 G......Page 756 J......Page 757 N......Page 758 P......Page 759 R......Page 760 S......Page 761 T......Page 762 Z......Page 763 "Comprehensive in scope yet succinct in its descriptions and explanations, [this book] equips readers with a solid understanding of the systematic theories of psychotherapy and counseling. The text delivers a thorough explanation of concepts as well as insightful case summaries and therapist-client dialogue that illustrate techniques and treatment in practice. It demonstrates how theories can be applied to individual therapy or counseling for common psychological disorders--such as depression and generalized anxiety disorders--as well as how to apply them to group therapy"--Publisher description