Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: Systems, Strategies, and Skills [RENTAL EDITION]

Cover Title Page Copyright Page Preface About the Authors About the Contributors Brief Contents Contents Part One Foundations of Effective Counseling Chapter 1 Foundations of Effective Counseling Development of Counseling Theories Understanding Counseling Theories Counseling Is Effective Common Factors Characteristics of Successful Clients Client Motivation Client Expectations Client Engagement The Therapeutic Alliance Empathy Unconditional Positive Regard Congruence Characteristics of Effective Therapists Effective Therapist Personal Qualities Effective Therapist Professional Qualities Developmental Considerations Culture and Diversity Therapist Awareness Understanding Clients’ Worldviews Culturally Appropriate Interventions A Strengths-Based Perspective Counseling Theories and Setting Ethical and Legal Considerations Informed Consent/Assent Competence Assessment and Diagnosis Evidence-Based Practices Multiple Relationships and the Therapeutic–Fiduciary Relationship Tension Ethical Decision Making: Practical Suggestions Skill Development: Questioning and Interviewing Asking Helpful Questions Conducting an Intake Interview and Assessment Example of an Intake Interview Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Part Two The First Force in Psychotherapy: Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Theories Chapter 2 Freud and Classic Psychoanalysis The First Force in Psychotherapy: Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Theories Introduction/Development of Psychoanalysis Key Concepts Biological Processes: Attachment and Development Personality Structure Life and Death Instincts Stages of Development Levels of Consciousness Defense Mechanisms The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Goals Therapist’s Function and Role Relationship Between Therapist and Client Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Free Association Analysis and Interpretation Dream Analysis Abreaction Dealing with Resistance Application and Current Use of Psychoanalysis Counseling Applications Application to Multicultural Groups Evaluation of Freudian Psychoanalysis Limitations Strengths and Contributions Skill Development: Interpretation Case Application Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Chapter 3 Adlerian Therapy Introduction/Development of Adlerian Therapy Key Concepts Patterns of Human Personality Family Constellation and Birth Order Social Interest and Community Feeling The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Goals Therapist’s Function and Role Relationship Between Therapist and Client Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Phases of Adlerian Therapy Phase 1: Establishing a Relationship Phase 2: Assessing Clients’ Psychological Dynamics Phase 3: Encouraging Insight and Self-Understanding Phase 4: Putting Insights into Practice Application and Current Use of Adlerian Therapy Counseling Applications Application to Multicultural Groups Evaluation of Adlerian Therapy Limitations Strengths and Contributions Skill Development: Analyzing Earliest Recollections Case Application Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Chapter 4 Post- and Neo-Freudian Psychoanalytic Therapies Introduction/Development of Analytical Psychology Key Concepts The Components of the Psyche Individuation Balance and Polarities Dimensions of Personality: Functions and Attitudes The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Use of Symbols Dream Interpretation Word Association Tests Rituals Application and Current Use of Jungian Analytical Psychology Introduction/Development of Ego Psychology Key Concepts: Karen Horney’s Ego Psychology Self-Realization Neurosis and Basic Anxiety Selves and Self-Image Female Development and Culture The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Key Concepts: Anna Freud’s Ego Psychology Child Development Ego Defenses The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Developmental Assessment Child Psychoanalysis Enhancing Social Supports Application and Current Use of Ego Psychology Introduction/Development of Object Relations Theory Key Concepts Attachment Theory Across the Lifespan Objects Separation-Individuation Theory The Fundamental Positions The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Projective Identification Resistance Countertransference Interpretation Application and Current Use of Object Relations Theory Introduction/Development of Self Psychology Key Concepts The Self Positive Potentials: A Responsive Environment Narcissism The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Interpretation Vicarious Introspection Transference Application and Current Use of Self Psychology Introduction/Development of Brief Psychodynamic Therapy Key Concepts Therapy Is Brief Ego Strengthening The Triads The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Supportive Techniques Expressive Techniques Countertransference Application and Current Use of Brief Psychodynamic Therapy Application and Current Use of Post- and Neo-Freudian Psychoanalytic Therapies Counseling Applications Application to Multicultural Groups Evaluation of Post- and Neo-Freudian Psychoanalytic Therapies Limitations Strengths and Contributions Skill Development: Identifying a Focal Concern Case Application Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Part Three The Second Force in Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Theories Chapter 5 Behavior Therapy Introduction to the Second Force in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Behavior and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies Focus on Behaviors and Behavioral Change Measurement, Evaluation, and Research Behavior Therapy: The Three Waves Introduction/Development of Behavior Therapy Key Concepts Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Social Learning Theory The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Goals Therapist’s Function and Role Relationship Between Therapist and Client Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Assessment Operant Conditioning Techniques Classical Conditioning Techniques Skills Training Application and Current Use of Behavior Therapy Counseling Applications Application to Multicultural Groups Evaluation of Behavior Therapy Limitations Strengths and Contributions Skill Development: Progressive Muscle Relaxation Case Application Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Chapter 6 Cognitive Behavioral Therapies Development and Key Concepts of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies Development of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Key Concepts of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Introduction/Development of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Key Concepts Irrational Beliefs as the Cause of Struggle A-B-C–D-E-F Model The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Goals Therapist’s Function and Role Relationship Between Therapist and Client Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures A-B-C–D-E-F Technique Approaches to Disputing Irrational Beliefs Introduction/Development of Cognitive Therapy Key Concepts The Cognitive Model Cognitive Restructuring The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Goals Therapist’s Function and Role Relationship Between Therapist and Client Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Case Formulation Assessment Dysfunctional Thought Record Determining the Validity of Cognitions Labeling Cognitive Distortions Strategies for Modifying Cognitions Termination and Relapse Prevention Application and Current Use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies Counseling Applications Application to Multicultural Groups Evaluation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies Limitations Strengths and Contributions Skill Development: Exposure-Based CBT for Hoarding Case Application Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Chapter 7 Reality Therapy Introduction/Development of Reality Therapy Key Concepts The Five Basic Human Needs Concept of Mental Illness and Mental Health Total Behavior and Motivation Quality Worlds Axioms of Choice Theory WDEP System The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Goals Therapist’s Function and Role Relationship Between Therapist and Client Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Metaphors Relationships Questions WDEP and SAMI2C3 Positive Addictions Using Verbs and “ing” Words Reasonable Consequences Paradoxical Interventions Development of Skills Application and Current Use of Reality Therapy Counseling Applications Application to Multicultural Groups Evaluation of Reality Therapy Limitations Strengths and Contributions Skill Development: Caring Confrontation Case Application Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Chapter 8 Contemporary Cognitive Behavioral Therapies The Third Generation of Behavior Therapy Introduction/Development of DBT Key Concepts Dialectics Emotion Regulation The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Emotion Regulation Skills Mindfulness Distress Tolerance Interpersonal Effectiveness Application and Current Use of DBT Introduction/Development of ACT Key Concepts Experiential Avoidance Relational Frame Theory The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures The Hexaflex Model Awareness and Acceptance Application and Current Use of ACT Introduction/Development of MBCT Key Concepts Acceptance The Being Mode Tenets of Mindfulness The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Conscious Thought Processing Mindfulness Decentering Application and Current Use of MBCT Introduction/Development of Schema Therapy Key Concepts Early Maladaptive Schemas Schema Domains The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Interventions Limited Reparenting and Empathic Confrontation Cognitive Interventions Schema Flash Cards Application and Current Use of Schema Therapy Evaluation of Third-Wave CBT Limitations Strengths and Contributions Skill Development: Mindfulness Case Application Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Part Four The Third Force in Psychotherapy: Humanistic-Existential Theories Chapter 9 Existential Therapy Introduction to the Third Force in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Humanistic-Existential Theories Self-Actualizing Tendency Phenomenological Perspective Experiential Awareness Introduction/Development of Existential Therapy Philosophical Foundations of Existential Therapy Existential Thought Compared to Other Theories Key Concepts The Human Condition: Ultimate Concerns Existential and Neurotic Anxiety Dasein The Human Condition: Potentials The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Goals Therapist’s Function and Role Relationship Between Therapist and Client Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Symbolic Growth Experience Frankl’s Logotherapy Paradoxical Intention Dereflection Addressing the Four Dimensions of the Human Condition Applicaton and Current Use of Existential Therapy Counseling Applications Application to Multicultural Groups Evaluation of Existential Therapy Limitations Strengths and Contributions Skill Development: Values Clarification Case Application Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Chapter 10 Person-Centered Therapy Introduction/Development of Person-Centered Therapy Key Concepts Human Potential and Actualization Conditions of Worth Organismic Valuing Process The Fully Functioning Person The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Goals Therapist’s Function and Role Relationship Between Therapist and Client Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Facilitative Conditions Nondirectiveness Application and Current Use of Person-Centered Therapy Counseling Applications Application to Multicultural Groups Evaluation of Person-Centered Therapy Limitations Strengths and Contributions Skill Development: Empathic Responding Case Application Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Chapter 11 Gestalt Therapy Introduction/Development of Gestalt Therapy Key Concepts Wholeness, Integration, and Balance Awareness The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Goals Therapist’s Function and Role Relationship Between Therapist and Client Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Exercises, Experiments, and Enactments Use of Language Dreams Fantasy Role Play Using Empty Chair Methods The Body as a Vehicle of Communication Group Gestalt Therapy Application and Current Use of Gestalt Therapy Counseling Applications Application to Multicultural Groups Evaluation of Gestalt Therapy Limitations Strengths and Contributions Skill Development: Gestalt Chair Work Case Application Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Part Five The Fourth Force in Psychotherapy: Culture, Context, and Constructivism Chapter 12 Feminist Therapy Introduction to the Fourth Force in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Culture, Context, and Constructivism Introduction/Development of Feminist Therapy Key Concepts The Personal Is Political Women’s Experiences Are Honored Reframing Mental Health and Disorders The Primacy of the Egalitarian Relationship The Role of Social Locations and Multidimensional Identities The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Goals Therapist’s Function and Role Relationship Between Therapist and Client Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Gender-Role Analysis Power Analysis Assertiveness Training Reframing and Relabeling Therapy-Demystifying Strategies Consciousness-Raising Social Activism Application and Current Use of Feminist Therapy Counseling Applications Application to Multicultural Groups Feminist Therapy Spotlight Evaluation of Feminist Therapy Limitations Strengths and Contributions Skill Development: Self-Disclosure Case Application Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Chapter 13 Postmodern Therapy Development of Postmodern Theories Introduction/Development of Narrative Therapy Key Concepts Stories Listening with an Open Mind The Therapeutic Process Stages of Narrative Therapy Therapeutic Goals Therapist’s Function and Role Relationship Between Therapist and Client Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Mapping Externalizing Therapeutic Documents Application and Current Use of Narrative Therapy Counseling Applications Application to Family Interventions and Involvement Application to Multicultural Groups Evaluation of Narrative Therapy Limitations Strengths and Contributions Introduction/Development of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Key Concepts A Future-Oriented Focus Strength-Based Orientation A Focus on Solutions The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Goals Therapist’s Function and Role Relationship Between Therapist and Client Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Pre-Therapy Changes Formula First Session Tasks Miracle Question Exception Questions Scaling Questions Solution Talk Preferred Future Therapist Feedback to Client Solution Prescriptions Application and Current Use of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Counseling Applications Application to Multicultural Groups Evaluation of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Limitations Strengths and Contributions Skill Development: Mapping Case Application Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Chapter 14 Family Systems Therapies Introduction/Development of Family Therapy Key Concepts Behavioral Functions Within Family Systems Reciprocal Influence Enhancing Communication Introduction/Development of Bowenian Family Therapy Key Concepts Differentiation of Self Triangulation Nuclear Family Emotional System Family Projection Process Emotional Cutoff Multigenerational Transmission Process Sibling Position Societal Regression Relationship Between Therapist and Client The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Genograms Detriangulation Application and Current Use of Bowenian Family Therapy Introduction/Development of Experiential and Humanistic Family Therapy Key Concepts Humanistic Process/Experiential Communication Relationship Between Therapist and Client The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Family Sculpting Choreography Application and Current Use of Experiential and Humanistic Family Therapy Introduction/Development of Structural Family Therapy Key Concepts Subsystems Boundaries Between Systems Family Hierarchy The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Joining Reframing Enactment Family Maps Application and Current Use of Structural Family Therapy Introduction/Development of Strategic Family Therapy Key Concepts Problem-Centered Nature of Symptoms Relationship Between Therapist and Client The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Ordeals Paradoxical Interventions Circular Questioning Application and Current Use of Strategic Family Therapy Introduction/Development of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy Key Concepts Systemic Humanistic-Experiential Attachment Emotion Relationship Between Therapist and Client The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Application and Current Use of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy Individual Therapy Theories Applied to Family Therapy Psychoanalysis Adlerian Therapy Behavior Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Reality Therapy Existential Therapy Person-Centered Therapy Gestalt Therapy Feminist Therapy Postmodern Therapy Application and Current Use of Family Therapy Counseling Applications Application to Multicultural Groups Evaluation of Family Therapy Limitations Strengths and Contributions Skill Development: Genograms Gathering Information Drawing a Genogram Sample Genogram Case Application Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Part Six Pulling it All Together Chapter 15 Developing Your Theoretical Orientation Integrative Therapies The Growth of Eclectic and Integrated Approaches The Challenges of Eclectic and Integrated Approaches The Benefits of Eclectic and Integrated Approaches The Nature of Eclectic and Integrated Approaches Examples of Eclectic and Integrated Approaches Characteristics of Sound Eclectic and Integrated Approaches Formulating an Integrative Theory Examples of Integrative Theories Finding Your Counseling Theory Determinants of Theoretical Orientation Counseling Theory and Therapist Personality Theoretical Orientation Reflection Questions Overview of Counseling Theories Basic Philosophy/Key Concepts Therapy Goals Relationship Between Therapist and Client Counseling Techniques and Applications Multicultural Counseling Strengths and Limitations of Theories Future Directions In Counseling and Psychotherapy Reflect and Respond Summary Recommended Readings Glossary References Name Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z Subject Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y "This text organizes the major theories of counseling and psychotherapy in a unified format. Each chapter that presents a theory follows the same organizational format to facilitate comparison and ease of use, beginning with a brief overview of the approach and a biographical sketch of its developer, and then moving on to the theory's key concepts, therapeutic process (including therapeutic goals, the therapist's function and role, and the role of the relationship between the therapist and client), therapeutic techniques and procedures, application and current use, and strengths and limitations"-- Provided by publisher